Biomedical Glasses最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Anti-biofilm activity of two novel, borate based, bioactive glass wound dressings 两种新型硼酸盐基生物活性玻璃伤口敷料的抗生物膜活性
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2019-0006
Steven B. Jung, T. Day, T. Boone, Brenton Buziak, A. Omar
{"title":"Anti-biofilm activity of two novel, borate based, bioactive glass wound dressings","authors":"Steven B. Jung, T. Day, T. Boone, Brenton Buziak, A. Omar","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bioactive glass was first developed in the late 1960’s as a compound that would facilitate bone re-growth. In more recent years, this technology has been used to promote wound healing through its ability to stimulate soft tissue growth, angiogenesis, reduce inflammation, and prevent infection. Chronically infected wounds, which result from biofilm formation, affect millions of patients in the Unites States each year and cost billions of dollars to treat. The present studies demonstrate exposure of pre-formed biofilms to bioactive glass, under simulated body conditions, resulted in significant reduction in bacterial load. Additionally, specific therapeutically active metal ions such as copper and zinc were added to a borate bioactive glass formulation through a process of ion doping and found to further enhance the anti-biofilm activity. Based on the present findings, the antibiofilm agents released by borate bioactive glasses may prove effective to eradicate the biofilm infections that prevent healing in patients with chronic wounds.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
The influence of gadolinium on the thermal properties of bioactive glasses 钆对生物活性玻璃热性能的影响
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2019-0016
R. Borges, Natália Del Rey Menezes, J. Marchi
{"title":"The influence of gadolinium on the thermal properties of bioactive glasses","authors":"R. Borges, Natália Del Rey Menezes, J. Marchi","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rare Earth (RE)-containing bioactive glasses has recently gained more relevance in the field of biomaterials due to the unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties of the RE elements. In this work, the influence of gadolinium in the thermal properties of bioactive glasses based on the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 containing different Na/Ca ratio was studied. The glasses were obtained by melting-quenching, and their properties were evaluated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results evidenced that Gd tends to increase the working temperature (Tc-Tg) in Ca-rich glasses, which leads to a less tendency to devitrification. On the other hand, in Na-rich glasses, Gd did not play an essential role in crystallization, and the thermal properties of Gd-containing Na-rich glasses were similar to their counterparts. In conclusion, we suggested that it is possible to control the influence of Gd in the glass devitrification by changing the Na/Ca ratio in the glass composition. These results may be interesting for further works to which crystallization may be either a desired or undesired phenomena.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42374863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Atomic-scale clustering inhibits the bioactivity of fluoridated phosphate glasses 原子尺度的聚类抑制氟化磷酸盐玻璃的生物活性
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2019-0007
Adja B. R. Touré, E. Mele, J. K. Christie
{"title":"Atomic-scale clustering inhibits the bioactivity of fluoridated phosphate glasses","authors":"Adja B. R. Touré, E. Mele, J. K. Christie","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Here, molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on phosphate glasses to clarify the previously debated influence of fluoride on the bioactivity of these glasses. We developed a computationally advanced inter-atomic force field including polarisation effects of the fluorine and oxygen atoms. Structural characterisations of the simulated systems showed that fluoride ions exclusively bond to the calcium modifier cations creating clusters within the glass structure and therefore decreasing the bioactivity of fluoridated phosphate glasses, making them less suitable for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2019-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46473825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Effects of ZnO addition on thermal properties, degradation and biocompatibility of P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx glasses ZnO对P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx玻璃热性能、降解和生物相容性的影响
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2019-0005
Yunqi Wang, Chenkai Zhu, A. Parsons, C. Rudd, I. Ahmed, N. Sharmin
{"title":"Effects of ZnO addition on thermal properties, degradation and biocompatibility of P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx glasses","authors":"Yunqi Wang, Chenkai Zhu, A. Parsons, C. Rudd, I. Ahmed, N. Sharmin","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Four phosphate-based glass formulations in the system P45Mg24Ca16Na(15−x)Znx, referred to as P45Znx (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 mol%), were prepared using a melt quenching process. The effect of ZnO addition on density, molar volume, thermal properties and degradation rates were studied. An increase in the glass transition, crystallisation, melting and liquidus temperatures were seen when replacing Na2O with ZnO. The molar volume of the bulk glasses was seen to decrease with increasing ZnO content. The dissolution rate of the zinc-free glass was 2.48 × 10−8 kg m−2 s−1 and addition of 5 mol% ZnO resulted in a reduction of the dissolution rate to 1.68 × 10−8 kg m−2 s−1. However, further addition of ZnO from 5 mol% to 15 mol% increased the dissolution rate of the glass system. The glasses were deliberately crystallised and XRD studies identified the Z n2P2O7 phase for glass code P45Zn5, and Zn(PO3)2 phase for P45Zn10 and P45Zn15 glasses. Cyto-compatibility studies were conducted using MG63 cells for 14 days. An overall increase in the metabolic activity and DNA concentration of cells was seen from day 1 to day 14 for all glass formulations investigated. However, increasing ZnO content from 0 to 15 mol% seemed to have a negative effect on the cellular activity. Interestingly, a remarkably higher ALP activity was seen at day 14 for glass codes P45Zn5 and P45Zn10 in comparison with the TCP control and the P45Zn0 glass.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Surface Properties and Reactivity of Phosphate-based Glasses by Inverse Gas Chromatography and Dynamic Vapour Sorption 反相气相色谱法和动态气相吸附法研究磷酸盐玻璃的表面性质和反应性
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0012
Shiva Naseri, William C. Lepry, M. S. Mohammadi, K. Waters, S. Nazhat
{"title":"Surface Properties and Reactivity of Phosphate-based Glasses by Inverse Gas Chromatography and Dynamic Vapour Sorption","authors":"Shiva Naseri, William C. Lepry, M. S. Mohammadi, K. Waters, S. Nazhat","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chemical durability of phosphate-based glasses (PGs) in an aqueous environment is crucial in determining their dissolution properties and their ultimate performance in vivo. In this study, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)were used to investigate the short-term aqueous interactions of PG particles doped with SiO2 and TiO2 (50P2O5-40CaO-xSiO2- (10-x)TiO2, where x=7, 5, 3, and 0 mol%). IGC was used to evaluate the solubility parameter and surface energy of PGs. A good correlation between the polar parts of the solubility parameter and surface energy with glass transition temperature (Tg) and dissolution rates was demonstrated. DVS was applied to monitor the sorption characteristics of the PG particles. An increase in silica content resulted in greater vapour sorption and mass change. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data of the PGs post exposure to vapour demonstrated that increased SiO2 content disrupted the glass network and formed protonated phosphate species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the presence of non-reacted water molecules in the PGs depending on SiO2 content. Moreover, there was a good correlation between the values measured through IGC and DVS, demonstrating the ability of both techniques in predicting the dissolution properties of PGs as consequence of alterations in their chemistry.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48246457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Bioactive glass-polycaprolactone fiber membrane and response of dental pulp stem cells in vitro 生物活性玻璃聚己内酯纤维膜及其对牙髓干细胞的体外反应
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0011
S. Labbaf, A. B. Houreh, M. Rahimi, Hungkit Ting, J.R. Jones, M. Nasr-Esfahani
{"title":"Bioactive glass-polycaprolactone fiber membrane and response of dental pulp stem cells in vitro","authors":"S. Labbaf, A. B. Houreh, M. Rahimi, Hungkit Ting, J.R. Jones, M. Nasr-Esfahani","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study reports the fabrication and in vitro biological evaluation of a sol-gel derived bioactive glass (BG) / polycaprolactone (PCL) composite fiber membrane, as a potential candidate for bone regeneration applications. The non woven composite mats were prepared by introducing the glass particles into the electrospinning process. Adding the glass improved the homogeneity of the fibers. The apatite forming ability of the membranes in simulated body fluid were evaluated and showed that hydroxyapatite had formed within 21 days in SBF and completely covered the surface of the membrane. In cell culture, dental pulp stem cells adhered proliferated and produced mineralized matrix on the PCL/BG fiber membrane.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48319564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Polycaprolactone / bioactive glass hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration 用于骨再生的聚己内酯/生物活性玻璃复合支架
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0010
Cédric Bossard, Henri Granel, Y. Wittrant, É. Jallot, J. Lao, C. Vial, H. Tiainen
{"title":"Polycaprolactone / bioactive glass hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration","authors":"Cédric Bossard, Henri Granel, Y. Wittrant, É. Jallot, J. Lao, C. Vial, H. Tiainen","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bioactive glasses (BG) bond to bone and stimulate bone regeneration, but they are brittle. Inorganicorganic hybrids appear as promising bone substitutes since they associate the bone mineral forming ability of BG with the toughness of polymers. Hybrids comprised of polycaprolactone (PCL) and SiO2-CaO BG were produced by sol-gel chemistry and processed into porous scaffolds with controlled pore and interconnection sizes. The obtained scaffolds are highly flexible, meaning that PCL effectively introduces toughness. Apatite formation is observed within 24 hours of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and is not limited to the surface as the entire hybrid progressively changes into bone-like minerals. The degradation rate is suitable for bone regeneration with a 13.2% weight loss after 8 weeks of immersion. Primary osteoblasts cultured in scaffolds demonstrate that the samples are not cytotoxic and provide good cell adhesion. The in vivo study confirms the bioactivity, biocompatibility and suitable degradation rate of the hybrid. A physiological bone made of trabeculae and bone marrow regenerates. The structure and kinetic of bone regeneration was similar to the implanted commercial standard based on bovine bone, demonstrating that this new synthetic PCL-BG hybrid could perform as well as animal-derived bone substitutes.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
The Anti-biofilm Activity of Nanometric Zinc doped Bioactive Glass against Putative Periodontal Pathogens: An in vitro Study 纳米锌掺杂生物活性玻璃抗牙周病病原菌生物膜活性的体外研究
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0009
N. Esfahanizadeh, M. Nourani, A. Bahador, N. Akhondi, M. Montazeri
{"title":"The Anti-biofilm Activity of Nanometric Zinc doped Bioactive Glass against Putative Periodontal Pathogens: An in vitro Study","authors":"N. Esfahanizadeh, M. Nourani, A. Bahador, N. Akhondi, M. Montazeri","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Colonization of periodontal pathogens on the surgical sites is one of the primary reasons for the failure of regenerative periodontal therapies. Bioactive glasses (BGs) owing to their favorable structural and antimicrobial properties have been proposed as promising materials for the reconstruction of periodontal and peri-implant bone defects. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of zinc-doped BG (Zn/BG) compared with 45S5 Bioglass® (BG®) on putative periodontal pathogens. In this in vitro experimental study, the nano BG doped with 5-mol% zinc and BG® were synthesized by sol-gel method. Mono-species biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g), and Prevotella intermedia (P. i)were prepared separately in a well-containing microplate. After 48 hours of exposure to generated materials at 37°C, the anti-biofilm potential of the samples was studied by measuring the optical density (OD) at 570nm wavelengths with a microplate reader. Two-way ANOVA then analyzed the results. Both Zn/BG and BG® significantly reduced the biofilm formation ability of all examined strains after 48 hours of incubation (P=0.0001). Moreover, the anti-biofilm activity of Zn/BG was significantly stronger than BG® (P=0.0001), which resulted in the formation of a weak biofilm (OD<1) compared with a moderately adhered biofilm observed with BG® (1<OD<2). Zn/BG showed a significant inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of all examined periodontal pathogens. Given the enhanced regenerative and anti-biofilm properties of this novel biomaterial, further investigations are required for its implementation in clinical situations.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Bioactive glass combined with zein as composite material for the application in bone tissue engineering 生物活性玻璃与玉米醇溶蛋白复合材料在骨组织工程中的应用
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0007
J. Hum, Shiva Naseri, A. Boccaccini
{"title":"Bioactive glass combined with zein as composite material for the application in bone tissue engineering","authors":"J. Hum, Shiva Naseri, A. Boccaccini","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study has focused on the development of new composite scaffolds based on the combination of zein with bioactive glass for the application in bone tissue engineering. Porous polymeric matrices were produced by the salt leaching technique. By incorporating 45S5 bioactive glass particles the lack of bioactivity can be remedied. However, the addition of bioactive glass is influencing the plasticization behavior of the zein matrix during the salt leaching which negatively affects the compression strength as well as the degradation behavior. This paper describes the process during leaching and explains the different behavior of zein with and without the presence of bioactive glass","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49120829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Effects of Fe2O3 addition and annealing on the mechanical and dissolution properties of MgO-and CaO-containing phosphate glass fibres for bio-applications Fe2O3添加和退火对生物用含MgO和CaO磷酸盐玻璃纤维力学性能和溶解性能的影响
Biomedical Glasses Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2018-0006
Chao Tan, I. Ahmed, A. Parsons, Chenkai Zhu, F. Betanzos, C. Rudd, Xiaoling Liu
{"title":"Effects of Fe2O3 addition and annealing on the mechanical and dissolution properties of MgO-and CaO-containing phosphate glass fibres for bio-applications","authors":"Chao Tan, I. Ahmed, A. Parsons, Chenkai Zhu, F. Betanzos, C. Rudd, Xiaoling Liu","doi":"10.1515/bglass-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigated the preparation of phosphate glass fibres (PGFs) in the following systems: i) 45P2O5-5B2O3-5Na2O-(29-x)CaO-16MgO-(x)Fe2O3 and ii) 45P2O5-5B2O3-5Na2O-24CaO-(21-x)MgO-(x)Fe2O3 (where x = 5, 8 and 11 mol%) for biomedical applications. Continuous fibres of 23 ± 1 μm diameter were prepared via a meltdraw spinning process. Compositions with higher Fe2O3 content and higher MgO/CaO ratio required higher melting temperature and longer heating time to achieve glass melts for fibre pulling. The effects of Fe2O3 addition and annealing treatment on mechanical properties and degradation behaviours were also investigated. Adding Fe2O3 was found to increase the tensile strength from 523 ± 63 (Ca-Fe5) to 680 ± 75 MPa (Ca-Fe11), improve the tensile modulus from72 ± 4 (Ca-Fe5) to 78 ± 3 GPa (Ca-Fe11) and decrease the degradation rate from 4.0 (Mg-Fe5) to 1.9 × 10−6 kg m−2 s−1 (Mg-Fe11). The annealing process reduced the fibre tensile strength by 46% (Ca-Fe5), increased the modulus by 19.6%(Ca-Fe8) and decreased the degradation rate by 89.5% (Mg-Fe11) in comparison to the corresponding as drawn fibres. Additionally, the annealing process also impeded the formation of precipitate shells and revealed coexistence of the precipitation and the pitting corrosion as fibre degradation behaviours.","PeriodicalId":37354,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Glasses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/bglass-2018-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信