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Moral Philosophy and Politics最新文献

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AI and Phronesis AI和Phronesis
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2021-0026
Nir Eisikovits, Dan Feldman
{"title":"AI and Phronesis","authors":"Nir Eisikovits, Dan Feldman","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We argue that the growing prevalence of statistical machine learning in everyday decision making – from creditworthiness to police force allocation – effectively replaces many of our humdrum practical judgments and that this will eventually undermine our capacity for making such judgments. We lean on Aristotle’s famous account of how phronesis and moral virtues develop to make our case. If Aristotle is right that the habitual exercise of practical judgment allows us to incrementally hone virtues, and if AI saves us time by taking over some of those practical judgments, or if its pattern recognition capacities are very good at learning that kind of behavior – we risk innovating ourselves out of moral competence with the introduction of AI.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"22 1","pages":"181 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Political Equality and Political Sufficiency 政治平等和政治充足
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0059
A. Blau
{"title":"Political Equality and Political Sufficiency","authors":"A. Blau","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The distinction between equality and sufficiency, much discussed in the distributive justice literature, is here applied to democratic theory. Overlooking this distinction can have significant normative implications, undermining some defences and criticisms of political equality, as I show by discussing the work of three prominent democratic theorists: Thomas Christiano, David Estlund, and Mark Warren. Most importantly, Christiano sometimes defends egalitarian conclusions using sufficientarian premises, or worries about inequality in situations where insufficiency is also part of the problem; inequality above the level of sufficiency is not always as troubling. Estlund makes the reverse error. He attacks rather than defends political egalitarianism, but insufficiency seems to explain some of his concerns. Nonetheless, I show that political egalitarians may need to specify a sufficientarian threshold, to avoid levelling-down objections. Democratic theorists should thus take seriously the distinction between political equality and political sufficiency. More generally, political theorists and philosophers should be aware of omitted variable bias and interaction effects due to conceptual stretching arising from under-theorised distinctions in their thought experiments.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"43 1","pages":"23 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88656667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual Responsibility under Systemic Corruption: A Coercion-Based View 系统性腐败下的个人责任:基于强制的观点
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0033
Emanuela Ceva, Carla Bagnoli
{"title":"Individual Responsibility under Systemic Corruption: A Coercion-Based View","authors":"Emanuela Ceva, Carla Bagnoli","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Should officeholders be held individually responsible for submitting to systemically corrupt institutional practices? We draw a structural analogy between individual action under coercive threat and individual participation in systemic corruption, and we argue that officeholders who submit to corrupt institutional practices are not excused by the existence of a systemic coercive threat. Even when they have good personal reasons to accept the threat, they remain individually morally assessable and, in the circumstances, they are also individually blameworthy for actions performed in their institutional capacity.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"95 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80823171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Institutionalist Approach to AI Ethics: Justifying the Priority of Government Regulation over Self-Regulation 人工智能伦理的制度主义方法:证明政府监管优先于自我监管
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0056
Thomas Ferretti
{"title":"An Institutionalist Approach to AI Ethics: Justifying the Priority of Government Regulation over Self-Regulation","authors":"Thomas Ferretti","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the cooperation of government and the private sector to tackle the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence (AI). The argument draws on the institutionalist approach in philosophy and business ethics defending a ‘division of moral labor’ between governments and the private sector (Rawls 2001; Scheffler and Munoz-Dardé 2005). The goal and main contribution of this article is to explain how this approach can provide ethical guidelines to the AI industry and to highlight the limits of self-regulation. In what follows, I discuss three institutionalist claims. First, principles of AI ethics should be validated through legitimate democratic processes. Second, compliance with these principles should be secured in a stable way. Third, their implementation in practice should be as efficient as possible. If we accept these claims, there are good reasons to conclude that, in many cases, governments implementing hard regulation are in principle (if not yet in practice) the best instruments to secure an ethical development of AI systems. Where adequate regulation exists, firms should respect the law. But when regulation does not yet exist, helping governments build adequate regulation should be businesses’ ethical priority, not self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"74 1","pages":"239 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90860208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The Fourth Generation of Human Rights: Epistemic Rights in Digital Lifeworlds 第四代人权:数字生活世界中的认知权利
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-04-27 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0039
Mathias Risse
{"title":"The Fourth Generation of Human Rights: Epistemic Rights in Digital Lifeworlds","authors":"Mathias Risse","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In contrast to China’s efforts to upgrade its system of governance around a stupefying amount of data collection and electronic scoring, countries committed to democracy and human rights did not upgrade their systems. Instead, those countries ended up with surveillance capitalism. It is vital for the survival of those ideas about governance to perform such an upgrade. This paper aims to contribute to that goal. I propose a framework of epistemic actorhood in terms of four roles and characterize digital lifeworlds and what matters about them both in terms of how they fit in with Max Tegmark’s distinctions among stages of life and in terms of how they generate their own episteme, the data episteme, with its immense possibilities of infopower (a term inspired by Foucault). Epistemic rights that strengthen existing human rights – as part of a fourth generation of rights – are needed to protect epistemic actorhood in those roles. In the long run, we might well need a new kind of right, the right to the exercise of genuinely human intelligence.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"28 4 1","pages":"351 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77858641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Educating Democratic Character 民主素质教育
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2019-0041
N. Alexander, P. Kitcher
{"title":"Educating Democratic Character","authors":"N. Alexander, P. Kitcher","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2019-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2019-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many recent writers on democracy have lamented its decay and warned of its imminent death. We argue that the concerns are focused at three different levels of democracy. The most fundamental of these, celebrated by Tocqueville and by Dewey, recognizes the interactions and joint deliberations among citizens who seek sympathetic mutual engagement. Such engagement is increasingly rare in large-scale political life. In diagnosing and treating the problems, we recommend returning to the debate between Lippmann and Dewey, in which many of the concerns now prominent were already voiced. This inspires the main work of the paper – the reconstruction of Dewey’s conception of democracy as a ‘mode of associated living’. We focus on the thesis that democracy is educative and explicate Dewey’s notion of growth, showing how democratic education contributes to three important functions: the capacity for sustaining oneself, the enrichment of individual experience, and the ability to enter into cooperative discussions with fellow citizens. Dewey’s conception of democratic education is directed at fostering particular virtues and, if citizens come to possess them, the need for Lippmann’s ‘omnicompetent individual’ vanishes. We conclude by suggesting that Dewey’s project of educating democratic character is pertinent for addressing the disaffection of our times.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"44 1","pages":"51 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90449312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prior Residence and Immigrant Voting Rights 先前居住和移民投票权
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0004
A. Goppel
{"title":"Prior Residence and Immigrant Voting Rights","authors":"A. Goppel","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the moral foundations of voting rights regulations have been the subject of widespread scrutiny, there is one aspect of the debate which has gone largely unquestioned and is currently accepted in every state’s actual voting rights regulations. This is the requirement of prior residence, which stipulates that immigrants are granted the right to vote only once they have lived in the host country for a certain period of time. It is this requirement I call into question in this paper. Taking up the most plausible justifications for this requirement, I aim to put substantial pressure on its moral acceptability by arguing that it is not directly grounded by any of the principles that are currently defended as a means to determine the demos, nor a proxy for some other morally relevant feature, nor a warrantor for abilities held to be significant for the right to vote.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"19 1","pages":"323 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75262225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introduction to the Second Part of the Special Issue: Towards Foolproof Democracy: Improving Public Debate and Political Decision-Making 特刊第二部分导言:迈向万无一失的民主:改善公共辩论和政治决策
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-22 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2020-0041
David Lanius, Ioannis Votsis
{"title":"Introduction to the Second Part of the Special Issue: Towards Foolproof Democracy: Improving Public Debate and Political Decision-Making","authors":"David Lanius, Ioannis Votsis","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2020-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2020-0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"637 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78988730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice: A Blueprint 解释学不公正的多样性:蓝图
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.1515/MOPP-2020-0007
Christine Bratu, H. Haenel
{"title":"Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice: A Blueprint","authors":"Christine Bratu, H. Haenel","doi":"10.1515/MOPP-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/MOPP-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we have two goals. First, we argue for a blueprint for hermeneutical injustice that allows us to schematize existing and discover new varieties of hermeneutical injustices. The underlying insight is that Fricker provides both a general concept of hermeneutical injustice and a specific conception thereof. By distinguishing between the general concept and its specific conceptions, we gain a fruitful tool to detect such injustices in our everyday lives. Second, we use this blueprint to provide a further example of hermeneutical injustice that draws our attention to yet another distinction: Some hermeneutical injustices result from a lack or distortion in the collective conceptual resource and some are due to problems in the application of existing concepts. We argue that to combat hermeneutical injustices, we have to make sure not only that individuals have accurate concepts at their disposal but that they have the capabilities to use these concepts adequately.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"19 1","pages":"331 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Virtues of Economic Rescue Legislation: Distributive Justice, Civil Law, and the Troubled Asset Relief Program 经济救助立法的优点:分配正义、民法和问题资产救助计划
IF 0.6
Moral Philosophy and Politics Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2019-0039
Henry S. Kuo
{"title":"The Virtues of Economic Rescue Legislation: Distributive Justice, Civil Law, and the Troubled Asset Relief Program","authors":"Henry S. Kuo","doi":"10.1515/mopp-2019-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2019-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study constitutes an ethical analysis through the lens of distributive justice in the case of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which was enacted in the midst of the Great Recession of 2007–2009. It begins by engaging with the visions of justice constructed by John Rawls and Robert Nozick, using their insights to locate the injustices of TARP according to their moral imaginations. However, this study argues that Rawls’ and Nozick’s theories of justice primarily envision the nature of law as being restrictive of vice, not as instructors of virtue. Thus, it resources the legal philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas to demonstrate how the positive pedagogy of law can enable a more just construction of economic rescue legislation, one that not only prevents future repetitions of economic vices and injustice, but is also formative for a society that prizes economic justice and virtues. In doing so, the study proposes two criteria for a more just consideration of economic rescue legislation that embraces law’s positive pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":37108,"journal":{"name":"Moral Philosophy and Politics","volume":"28 1","pages":"305 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89762461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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