环境科学与技术最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the Estrogenic Activity of Aqueous Leachates from Elastomers by Effect-Directed Analysis.","authors":"Rebecca Süßmuth,Timothy Rosenberger,Peter Schweyen,Georg Dierkes,Anna Maria Bell,Arne Wick,Sebastian Buchinger,Thomas A Ternes","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05987","url":null,"abstract":"This study successfully used effect-directed analysis to identify a transformation product of N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPD) rubber-antiozonants as the main driver of estrogenicity in aqueous leachates from elastomer membranes. First, two signals with estrogenic activity were detected via high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in a planar yeast estrogen screen (p-YES). After the active fractions were extracted from the HPTLC plate, they were analyzed by nontarget screening using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass-spectrometry. Via a prioritization process, the elucidation of the MS2-spectra, and a library research, 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4HDPA) and N-phenyl-p-benzoquinone monoimine (QMI) were identified (m/z 186.0915 and 184.0757, respectively, in positive mode). 4HDPA is a hydrolysis product of PPD antiozonants, whereas QMI is formed by the oxidation of 4HDPA. By measuring the leachate within the YES medium, we found that QMI was transformed into 97 ± 1% of the estrogenic active compound 4HDPA. Therefore, YES results of redox couple compounds need to be carefully assessed due to potential transformations occurring in the YES medium itself. Finally, the estrogenic activity of 4HDPA was identified for the first time, and we confirmed that the overall estrogenicity observed in the elastomer leachates was predominantly caused by the elution and formation of 4HDPA by 120 ± 30%. Furthermore, 4HDPA was found in river and stream water at concentrations ranging between 7 and 20 ng/L.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonoptimal Temperature Exposure and Sphingolipid Metabolism: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Yifan Xu,Yiqun Han,Wu Chen,Haonan Li,Yanwen Wang,Lia Chatzidiakou,Jicheng Gong,Teng Wang,Hanbin Zhang,Li Yan,Yilin Li,Weiju Li,Yangfeng Wu,Jing Liu,Roderic L Jones,Benjamin Barratt,Frank J Kelly,Tong Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c07999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07999","url":null,"abstract":"Nonoptimal temperature exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Sphingolipids, a class of bioactive lipids, play a significant role in the pathophysiology of CVD. This study investigated associations between temperature and markers of sphingolipid metabolism and explored their biological implications in a panel study of 251 participants in Beijing, China. Personal-level environmental temperature was continuously monitored, and transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses were performed to characterize sphingolipid metabolism. Generalized additive mixed models revealed a near \"V-shaped\" relationship between daily average temperature and most sphingolipids, including ceramides C18:0/C20:0/C24:1, sphingomyelins C18:0/C24:1, hexosylceramides C16:0/C18:0/C20:0/C22:0/C24:0/C24:1, lactosylceramides C16:0/C18:0/C24:0/C24:1, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Other sphingolipids, such as ceramides C16:0/C22:0/C24:0 and sphingomyelins C16:0/C20:0/C22:0/C24:0, showed a negative linear relationship with temperature. Each 1 °C decrease (cold exposure) or increase (heat exposure) in temperature was associated with up to a 1.4% and 0.9% increase in sphingolipids, respectively. Both exposures were significantly associated with the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis found that various sphingolipids correlated significantly with established markers of CVD. Our findings suggest that nonoptimal temperature has a significant impact on human sphingolipid metabolism, and sphingolipids may serve as markers indicating nonoptimal temperature-induced cardiovascular risks.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Flaring Is Likely Underestimated by Satellites due to Undetected Small Flares.","authors":"Scott P Seymour,Benjamin Aylward,Kevin P Galvin,Mary Kang,Donglai Xie","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c03928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c03928","url":null,"abstract":"Global upstream oil and gas flaring was estimated at 148 billion m3 in 2023 based on satellite observations by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument. Accurate monitoring is critical, as both lit and unlit flares release greenhouse gases and pose health risks. However, we show that VIIRS substantially underestimates flaring in Canada, with implications for other regions. Analyzing over 65,000 annualized industry flare reports (>5000 sites per year) in western Canada over more than a decade (2012-2023), we found that VIIRS consistently estimated lower flaring volumes than industry data. In 2023, for example, industry reported 2.2-times more flaring than VIIRS estimated, across more than 14-times as many sites. Most of this discrepancy (76%) was due to undetected small and/or intermittent flares with flow rates <360 m3/h (∼220 kg methane/h); the remainder (24%) was the result of enclosed combustor use, whose shielded flames are not readily detected. Comparison with global VIIRS data revealed similar declines in flare detection at low flow rates, suggesting that underestimation may occur in other regions where similar low to medium flare flow rates are common.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Detection of Urban Atmospheric Micro-Nanoplastics and Their Chemical Mixing State Using Bioaerosol Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Chongchong Zhang,Yiming Qin,Lei Li,Eleonora Aruffo,Shaoyong Li,Xuan Li,Ning Zhang,Yun Wu,Haiwei Li,Yunjiang Zhang,Yuan Dai,Ming Wang,Xinlei Ge,Ke Li,Wei Du,Chunlei Cheng,Mei Li,Mindong Chen,Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c06513","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) serve as key vectors for the global dispersion of plastic pollutants and act as reactive interfaces for atmospheric species, modifying their physicochemical properties and influencing environmental transport dynamics. However, existing methods lack the temporal resolution and specificity to characterize MNP mixing states and pollutant interactions in real time. To address this gap, we developed an innovative approach employing bioaerosol single-particle mass spectrometry (Bio-SPAMS) for simultaneous detection of polystyrene MNPs (PS MNPs; 0.3-2 μm) and their chemical associations with co-pollutants. Three diagnostic tracer ions, 91[C7H7+], 104[C8H8+], and 115[C9H7+], were identified as unambiguous markers of PS MNPs, enhancing their discrimination from ambient aerosols. Field measurements in a Chinese megacity revealed that PS MNPs constitute 1.04% of total aerosols (n = 51 045 particles), predominantly within the 0.3-0.8 μm size range. Approximately 76.4% of PS MNPs exhibited co-detection of nitrate and sulfate signatures, and in particles with PS characteristics, the relative peak areas of nitrate and sulfate are 14.30 and 4.06%, respectively, demonstrating active atmospheric aging via secondary pollutant uptake. This work established a new methodology for real-time MNP tracking in atmospheric matrices, providing critical insights into their lifecycle and risks.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunscreens with Nicotinamide as Skin-Brightening Ingredient Increase Exposure Risk of UV-Filters: Quantitative Analysis of Ultraviolet-Filter Skin Penetration Based on an Improved In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Method.","authors":"Wucheng Yang,Yu Xie,Chaowan Guo,Zedong Ouyang,Chuanxia Jiang,Xiaolin Chen,Jian Wei,Jianhua Tan,Ruifang Fan","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c04694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c04694","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the contradiction between the penetration-promoting function of skin-brightening and the penetration-blocking function of UV-filters in multifunctional sunscreens, the skin permeability and potential health risks of UV-filters in these products have not been fully studied. Therefore, the skin penetration of sunscreens with a skin-brightening function (SBF sunscreens) was investigated using an improved Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) method. First, a CRS method was developed using Octyl 4-methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl triazone added in different vehicles as targets. After optimizing spectrum acquisition parameters, an exponential decay function was derived and successfully applied to correct the detection limits of CRS based on a unidirectional diffusion model and Fick's second law. Then, CRS data was validated through Franz diffusion cells in vitro, and results showed a good correlation between CRS data and in vitro data (R2 = 0.99), indicating that the developed CRS method can accurately reflect the skin penetration characteristics of UV-filters in different vehicles. A 1.30-2.29 times higher skin uptake level of UV-filters was observed in customized and commercial SBF sunscreens than in traditional sunscreens (with an average amount of 0.81 vs. 0.63 μm/cm2 and 1.33 vs. 0.58 μm/cm2), suggesting a higher health risk of chronic use of such sunscreens.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontarget and Suspect Screening of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids and PFAS in European Wastewaters Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","authors":"Selina Tisler, Jonathan Zweigle, Maria Kregler Gotil, Saskia Finckh, Werner Brack, Eva-Maria Braxmaier, Corina Meyer, Juliane Hollender, Tina Kosjek, Emma L. Schymanski, Pontus Larsson, Anna Kärrman, Erica Selin, Dalia Elabbadi, Harry Elliss, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Tim Boogaerts, Adrian Covaci, Herbert Oberacher, Harold Flores Quintana, Foon Yin Lai, Lutz Ahrens, Azziz Assoumani, Frederic Béen, Jan H. Christensen","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c06876","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and fluorinated ionic liquids were investigated in municipal effluents from 30 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across 15 European countries using supercritical fluid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (SFC-HRMS) for nontarget screening. Bis-perfluoroalkyl sulfonimide (bis-FASI) ionic liquids were detected as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf₂^–), two rarely reported homologues (±2 CF₂, namely FSI^– and BETI^–), and two previously unreported homologues (±1 CF₂, namely FTFSI^– and FTNTf₂^–). Bis-FASIs were present in 85% of samples and were more abundant in effluents from larger WWTPs. The fluorinated anion PF₆^–, commonly used in ionic liquids, was found in all samples (≤3 μg/L). Hexafluoroarsenate (AsF₆^–), reported here for the first time in municipal wastewater, was detected in 32% of samples in eight countries. PF₆^– and AsF₆^– concentrations exceeded those of traditional PFSAs and PFCAs in 97% of the samples. No removal was detected for perfluorinated compounds, inorganic anions, and low-fluorinated pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Low-fluorinated substances were detected in 90% of samples (&gt;100 ng/L), yet PF₆^– alone surpassed the combined concentration of all low-fluorinated substances in 27 out of 30 samples. These results reveal the significance of unconventional fluorinated substances for the overall fluorine load in wastewater, highlighting the need to extend monitoring strategies beyond legacy PFAS.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Chemical Mixtures in Environmental, Food, and Human Samples Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Suspect Screening Approaches","authors":"Solène Motteau, Gaud Dervilly, Ronan Cariou, Maria Margalef, Marja Lamoree, Timo Hamers, Maria König, Beate I. Escher, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Christina Rørbye, Bruno Le Bizec, Jean-Philippe Antignac","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c12608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c12608","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical contaminants are widely dispersed in the environment in all its dimensions, posing significant public health problems. Comprehensive knowledge of these stressors is a prerequisite for assessing the associated risk and implementing public policy measures to reduce the level of population exposure. Nontargeted suspect screening approaches broaden the knowledge of the chemical human exposome. We developed and used a suspect screening method based on large spectral libraries. Chemical profiling was based on a combined LC– and GC–HRMS approach. The methodology was applied to 16 samples spanning the environment, food, and health continuum. Using a combination of matching and scoring data, a total of 547 compounds were likely identified, from which the chemical structure of 63 molecules was confirmed to the highest level of certainty. Wastewater, and more generally environmental samples, had the highest number of chemicals detected, while fish samples had a lower number. Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care product-related compounds were found to be the most common compounds in and between the extracts, particularly in water and serum samples. Many natural and endogenous compounds were consistently annotated in the samples submitted for analysis, regardless of the compartment investigated.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative Electric Vehicle Emissions: Vehicle-to-Grid Can Incentivize Enough Wind and Solar Investment to Reverse EV Charging Emissions.","authors":"Jiahui Chen,Michael T Craig,Jeremy Michalek,Matthew Bruchon,Parth Vaishnav","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c06944","url":null,"abstract":"Consequential emission analyses of power system interventions typically overlook induced structural changes. We estimate the consequential power system emission effects of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging due to both operational effects and induced renewable capacity investments. We study PJM, the largest U.S. grid operator, with a grid mix representative of North America, assuming 10% fleet electrification. We find that charging immediately after each day's final trip increases grid emission externalities and provides little incentive to increase renewable infrastructure investment. In contrast, flexible cost-minimizing charging creates economic incentives to increase wind and solar capacity investment by 4% for unidirectional charging or by 23% for bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G). This induced investment reverses emission consequences of PEV charging: estimates ignoring capacity changes find PEVs increase grid emission externalities by $240-$610 per PEV-year, whereas estimates accounting for induced renewable investments find that adding PEV load can reduce total grid emission externalities by $230 per PEV-year with flexible charging and by $2200 per PEV-year with V2G. Overall, results suggest that leveraging flexibility in charge timing and V2G to reduce power system costs can also produce substantial emission cobenefits.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Reaction Kinetics: The Overlooked Role of Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Ozone-Based Processes.","authors":"Shikha Garg,Yuting Yuan,Zarak Mahmood,Qi Jiang,Yuan Wang,T David Waite","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c11717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c11717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Air Pollution Exposure Models with Open-Vocabulary Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation of Street-View Images.","authors":"Zhendong Yuan,Jules Kerckhoffs,Pi-I Debby Lin,Esra Suel,Hao Li,Li Yi,Marcia Pescador Jimenez,Peter James,Kees de Hoogh,Gerard Hoek,Roel Vermeulen","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c09687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c09687","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile monitoring campaigns combined with land use regression (LUR) models effectively capture fine-scale spatial variations in urban air pollution. However, traditional predictor variables often fail to capture the nuances of the built environment and undocumented emission sources. To address this, we developed a framework integrating customizable object-level and segmentation-level visual features from street-view images into stepwise regression and random-forest-based LUR models. Using 5.7 million mobile air pollution measurements (2019-2020) and 0.37 million street-view images (2008-2024), we mapped nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFP) across 46,664 road segments in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Incorporating street-view images improved model performance, increasing R2 by 0.01-0.05 and reducing mean absolute errors by 0.7-10.3%. Sensitivity analyses indicated that key street-view-derived visual features remained stable across years and seasons. Using images from nearby years expanded training instances, thereby enhancing alignment with mobile measurements at fine granularity. Our open-vocabulary object detection module identified influential but previously unrecognized object predictors, such as chimneys, traffic lights, and shops. Combined with segmentation-derived features (e.g., walls, roads, grass), street-view images contributed 8-18% feature importance to model predictions. These findings highlight the potential of visual data in enhancing hyperlocal air pollution mapping and exposure assessment.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}