Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Assessing stability in renewable microgrid using a novel-optimized controller for PV-battery based micro grid with OPAL-RT based real-time validation","authors":"Prakash Chandra Patra ,&nbsp;Pratap Kumar Panigrahi ,&nbsp;Anshuman Satpathy ,&nbsp;Niranjan Nayak","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the Modified Water Cycle Algorithm (MWCA), designed to enhance controller operation within a Micro Grid consisting of Multiple Distributed Generators (DGs). The fluctuating nature of renewable-based DGs poses stability challenges to micro grid operation. The MWCA, incorporating a sinusoidal chaotic map, addresses nonlinearities within the micro grid, aiming to boost stability margins and transient profiles amidst diverse uncertainties. Validation is conducted using a multi-DG-based micro grid system, integrating two photovoltaic (PV) systems with supporting storage (battery). Grid synchronization of DGs relies on second-order phase-locked loop-based feedback controllers. MWCA optimizes grid-side converter parameters, enhancing power regulation at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). PV-VSC controller gain values are fine tuned to minimize the generation losses as well as maintaining stability inside the desired region of micro grid operation. Performance evaluations are conducted under various uncertainties to justify MWCA's efficacy in terms of stability. Calculations are carried out using MATLAB scripts and OPAL-RT based hardware-in-loop platforms. How ever, the study underscores the MWCA's potential in mitigating challenges associated with DG-based micro grid operation simultaneously improving stability and performance metrics. The proposed MWCA improves stability margin as compared to conventional PSO and WCA techniques. The major contribution in this work is to study a Modified Water Cycle Algorithm (MWCA) to optimize the PV-battery micro grid controllers, enhancing stability and performance under various uncertainties. Real-time validation using OPAL-RT shows improved stability margins, faster fault mitigation, and reduced power oscillations compared to conventional methods, proving MWCA's effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104290"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial delamination on fan-out wafer-level package using finite element analysis","authors":"Ariel P. Conversion ,&nbsp;Aristotle T. Ubando ,&nbsp;Jeremias A. Gonzaga","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fan-out wafer-level packaging has become a widely known approach for achieving a microelectronic device with low cost, smaller package size, and good electrical performance. Large temperature variations occur during these fabrication processes which can induce internal stresses and interfacial delamination due to the large thermal expansion mismatch. In this study, a finite element method was performed to study the potential interfacial delamination on the fan-out wafer-level package. The maximum warpage of the wafer right after the post-mold curing was found to be 619.4 µm. It was predicted that the maximum normal and shear stresses of 45.96 MPa and 88.34 MPa, respectively, at one corner of the EMC-chip interface exceeded its adhesion strength. The virtual crack closure technique was used to evaluate the delamination in terms of total energy release rate on the interface of the individual package of fan-out wafer-level packaging when subjected to a high-temperature solder reflow process. A global-to-local modeling of the individual package was also employed in the study. The results of the designs of experiment have shown that the most influential factor in interfacial delamination was the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the epoxy molding compound above its glass transition temperature. It was found that increasing this coefficient while maintaining other material properties and parameters would also increase the energy release rate and would even exceed the critical value of 0.2 mJ/mm² at the interface of the Silicon chip and epoxy molding compound. The safe maximum value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the epoxy molding compound was found to be 42.56 ppm/ °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of climate change impact assessment and methodologies for urban sewer networks","authors":"Amir Masoud Karimi,&nbsp;Mostafa Babaeian Jelodar,&nbsp;Teo Susnjak,&nbsp;Monty Sutrisna","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how climate change affects urban sewer networks is essential for the sustainable management of these infrastructures. This research uses a systematic literature review (PRISMA) to critically review methodologies to assess the effects of climate change on these systems.</div><div>A scientometric analysis traced the evolution of research patterns, while content analysis identified three primary research clusters: Climate Modelling, Flow Modelling, and Risk and Vulnerability Assessment. These clusters, although rooted in distinct disciplines, form an interconnected framework, where outputs of climate models inform flow models, and overflow data from flow models contribute to risk assessments, which are gaining increasing attention in recent studies. To enhance risk assessments, methods like Gumbel Copula, Monte Carlo simulations, and fuzzy logic help quantify uncertainties. By integrating these uncertainties with a Bayesian Network, which can incorporate expert opinion, failure probabilities are modelled based on variable interactions, improving prediction.</div><div>The study also emphasises the importance of factors, such as urbanisation, asset deterioration, and adaptation programs in order to improve predictive accuracy. Additionally, the findings reveal the need to consider cascading effects from landslides and climate hazards in future risk assessments. This research provides a reference for methodology selection, promoting innovative and sustainable urban sewer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure pressure estimation for cracked aged and unaged pipelines using finite element method","authors":"N.E. González-Arévalo ,&nbsp;M. Díaz-Cruz ,&nbsp;J.C. Velázquez ,&nbsp;A. Cervantes-Tobón ,&nbsp;Ximena Carrillo ,&nbsp;S.J. García-Núñez ,&nbsp;J. Rosado-Carrasco","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas plays a key role in a world of restricted carbon technology. Pipelines typically transport it, so it is important to keep these structures safe. One strategy to reduce the risk in working pipelines is adequately estimating the failure pressure. Some corrosion mechanisms or external mechanical damage can cause longitudinal cracks on the pipe surface. The geometry and size of these cracks can vary depending on many factors. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the pipe material (steel) tend to deteriorate as the pipe ages; this is especially true for older pipes. For this reason, the present research jointly studies the effect of longitudinal cracking of the pipe and the changes in the mechanical properties (mainly yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) derived from the aging process of the steel. To obtain the aged material, an accelerated isothermal aging procedure is proposed, and afterward, the stress-strain curves of the API 5 L Gr. B steel in aged and non-aged conditions are computed. Then, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) study is conducted to estimate the failure pressure for 24 different-sized crack defects. Failure estimations are also done using prediction models (Ln-Sec and modified Ln-Sec). Finally, the results of both estimation methods are compared. An actual mean burst capacity loss (BCL) of 5.4 % (1.05 MPa loss) is found due to the aging of the material. The results suggest that taking into account the changes in the mechanical properties for the estimation of pipeline failure pressure can increase the pipeline's reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of CuO and CaF2 additives in facilitating low-temperature tricalcium silicate formation and stabilization","authors":"Jeerapong Laonamsai ,&nbsp;Ploypailin Tasi ,&nbsp;Pongsak Wiwatrojanagul ,&nbsp;Manlika Sriondee ,&nbsp;Tawat Suriwong ,&nbsp;Phongthorn Julphunthong","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of CuO, CaF₂, and their combination on phase formation in C₃S (alite) clinkers at different firing temperatures, aiming to reduce energy consumption in clinker production. Clinker samples with 0.1 wt.% CuO, 0.8 wt.% CaF₂, and a combination of 0.1 wt.% CuO and 0.8 wt.% CaF₂ were synthesized and fired at temperatures between 1200 °C and 1350 °C. The mineralogical composition of the clinkers was analyzed using X-ray diffraction patterns with Rietveld refinement technique. The results showed that alite formation was absent below 1350 °C in clinkers without additives. The addition of CuO promoted belite (C₂S) formation and reduced free lime content but did not significantly induce alite formation. In contrast, CaF₂ significantly enhanced alite formation, yielding monoclinic <em>M</em>₁ and <em>M</em>₃ polymorphs, with <em>M</em>₁ being the dominant phase. The addition of 0.8 wt.% CaF₂ accelerated alite phase content of 18.96 wt.% at 1200 °C, which further increased to 73.54 wt.% at 1350 °C. The combined addition of CuO and CaF₂ further improved alite formation at lower temperatures, with alite content higher than 50 wt.% at 1250 °C. These findings demonstrate that CuO and CaF₂ act synergistically to facilitate alite formation at reduced firing temperatures, providing a potential pathway for energy-efficient clinker production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in vibration-based energy harvesting systems for bridges: A literature and systematic review","authors":"Amin Moslemi ,&nbsp;Maria Rashidi ,&nbsp;Ali Matin Nazar ,&nbsp;Pejman Sharafi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy harvesting is crucial for sustainable power generation within structural health monitoring systems for infrastructures, as it involves converting ambient energy sources into usable power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and minimizing environmental impact. This technology is valuable for creating self-sustaining systems in remote or hard-to-access bridge locations. Additionally, energy harvesting from bridges offers significant economic benefits by reducing operational costs and enabling continuous structural health monitoring, making it a practical solution for bridge management. This paper examines vibration-based energy harvesting technologies for bridges, assessing their applicability and effectiveness. A systematic literature review using Scopus explored the origins, concepts, and technologies associated with energy harvesting. The review highlights the significance of vibration-based energy harvesting, particularly piezoelectric systems, due to the persistent vibrations experienced by bridges from environmental conditions. Recent developments in vibration energy harvesting systems are categorized and summarized based on bridge sources, including vibration, wind-induced vibration, and traffic-induced vibration. Key challenges identified include the need for complex designs and the limited efficiency of certain technologies under low-frequency conditions. The paper further outlines critical future research directions aimed at overcoming these limitations and significantly advancing the field of energy harvesting for bridge applications. The research highlights that novel triboelectric nanogenerator designs demonstrated promising energy harvesting capabilities from low-frequency bridge vibrations such as innovations including nonlinear oscillator configurations, and hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric systems. Moreover, by carefully designing piezoelectric energy harvesters with techniques like nonlinear dynamics and innovative geometries, it's possible to significantly improve energy capture from low-frequency, multi-directional bridge vibrations. In addition, the Integration of wind-induced vibration energy harvesting, and traffic-induced vibration are promising technologies for sustainable infrastructure monitoring. The review shows that vortex-induced vibration for its high effectivity in low wind speed conditions and galloping, despite requiring higher wind speeds, are the most efficient techniques in this area. This study aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers to utilize these technologies in bridge infrastructure, thereby improving energy efficiency and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete migratory bird optimizer with deep transfer learning aided multi-retinal disease detection on fundus imaging","authors":"Nouf Al-Kahtani ,&nbsp;José Varela-Aldás ,&nbsp;Ayman Aljarbouh ,&nbsp;Mohamad Khairi Ishak ,&nbsp;Samih M. Mostafa","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinal fundus diseases may cause permanent blindness without timely diagnosis and appropriate medical care. Single disease-based deep learning (DL) tactics were established for the diagnoses of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. The upsurge in retinal diseases is alarming as it may cause irreversible visual loss if not treated early. Automation of diagnosis methods of retinal disease helps ophthalmologists save time and decision-making. Various research workers have addressed automated retinal disease classification; however, they are constrained to binary classification or handcrafted feature selection (FS). In recent years, DL-based techniques have been found useful for the automated classification of diseases using retinal photographs. This manuscript presents a Discrete Migratory Bird Optimizer with Transfer Learning Aided Multi-Retinal Disease Detection (DMBOTL-MRDD) method on Fundus Imaging. The main aim of the DMBOTL-MRDD method is to detect and classify multiple retinal diseases based on fundus photographs. In the DMBOTL-MRDD technique, the Wiener filtering (WF) approach is used for noise removal. In addition, ShuffleNetv2, a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model, is used for feature vector extraction. Moreover, the DMBO technique is used for optimum hyperparameter selection of the ShuffleNetv2 model. Furthermore, a multi-layer autoencoder (ML-AE) is employed to detect multiple retinal diseases, including AMD, DR, and Glaucoma. The DMBOTL-MRDD technique is simulated under a benchmark fundus imaging dataset. The experimental validation of the DMBOTL-MRDD technique portrayed a superior accuracy value of 97.12 % over existing techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of potential sustainable green energy sources for United Arab Emirates","authors":"Mahmoud Z. Mistarihi ,&nbsp;Ghazi M. Magableh ,&nbsp;Saba Abu Dalu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green energy sustainability is gaining traction due to advancements in technology and application. It promotes social, industrial, technological, and sectoral changes, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change concerns through increased energy efficiency and environmentally friendly investments. The UAE is enhancing its renewable energy presence through green infrastructure funding, demonstrating a commitment to sustainability. The study examines the UAE's role in employing sustainable green energy sources, developing a sustainable green energy selection model, and addressing the gap in previous evaluations. The study identifies innovation opportunities and introduces COPRAS, Fuzzy COPRAS, ARAS, and Fuzzy ARAS methods, along with four innovative integration techniques, to provide a systematic and transparent decision-making process for selecting and ranking SGE energy sources in the UAE. The results indicate that the FCOPRAS-FARAS integration method is the most preferred method. The comparison criteria favor solar energy and wind energy, indicating a balanced approach towards energy sources. The outcomes of the research aid sectors in renewable energy exploitation, decision-makers, and countries in selecting and implementing renewable energy programs and providing insights for sustainable green energy projects and technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency and capabilities assessment of some local materials in wastewater treatment using the multi soil layering","authors":"Samira Ghotbi ,&nbsp;Amirabbas Abedini ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Akbarpour ,&nbsp;Reihaneh Malakooti","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Releasing the effluents of urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTP) downstream especially in populated areas, can negatively affect the surface water, groundwater quality. A new method, Multi soil layering (MSL) ecotechnology introduced last few decades, a cost-efficient treatment system can reduce those negative issues. In this study, three MSL systems were developed to UWTP effluent released in environment. Zeolite and for the first time silica materials were used in the permeable layers. Clay soil and for the first time waste stone powder from the stone factory with iron filing, sawdust and charcoal were used in soil mixture layers to investigate the ability of different friendly materials on the pollutant removal rate in the MSL ecotechnology. The material properties were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, contact angle measurement, surface roughness analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The results proved the performance of MSLs and the effectiveness of the materials used. The highest removal rates of COD and BOD₅ were 67.5% and 80% respectively in MSL-1 system, while PO₄³⁻ and NO₃⁻ were 99% and 80% respectively in MSL-3 system. Result showed MSL system could reduce metal ions Cr⁶⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The results also indicated that a lower contact angle or higher surface roughness does not necessarily imply better wettability and consequently better treatment performance of the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aeroelastic modeling and multi-objective optimization of a subsonic compressor rotor blade using a combination of modified NSGA-II, ANN, and TOPSIS","authors":"Mahmood Asgari ,&nbsp;Fathollah Ommi ,&nbsp;Zoheir Saboohi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant engineering challenge in the aerospace and energy sectors has been improving the aerodynamic and mechanical performance of subsonic axial compressor designs under high-loading conditions. A multi-objective optimization framework for a subsonic axial compressor is presented in this study through an integrated computational approach. Aeroelastic modeling is combined with advanced optimization techniques, including modified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Complex fluid-structure interactions were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD) and finite element analyses (FEA). Additionally, the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) has been used to predict performance across multiple design scenarios as a rapid surrogate model. During the optimization process, total pressure coefficients improved by 2.8 %, efficiency increased by 3.2 %, and maximum stress decreased by 8.9 %. By meticulously adjusting the stagger angle and tip clearance, these improvements resulted in reduced flow losses and a more uniform distribution of stress. As a result of this optimization, the stresses imposed on the blades at critical points are reduced, resulting in greater mechanical stability under diverse operating conditions. These improvements have also improved the compressor's aeroelastic performance. This reduces the noise levels during operation, making the compressors more efficient and environmentally friendly. Additionally, it also increases the lifetime of the compressor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104615"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}