Gaoqiao Wu , Yongjie Tan , Junhui Zhang , Yufei Liu , Shiping Zhang , Shao Yue
{"title":"Worst-case phenomenon analysis of strip footing on spatially variable slope by finite element limit analysis","authors":"Gaoqiao Wu , Yongjie Tan , Junhui Zhang , Yufei Liu , Shiping Zhang , Shao Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs a series of stochastic analyses to assess the reliability (defined as the probability that the maximum load a footing can sustain falls below its design bearing capacity) of a strip footing located at the crest of a slope, employing a self-developed finite element limit analysis method integrated with random field theory. The primary focus is to explore how the failure probability of the footing is influenced by various factors, including the coefficient of variation, the factor of safety, and the slope angle. Additionally, the study aims to provide deeper insights into the worst-case behavior of this system. The results demonstrate that as the coefficient of variation increases, the worst-case phenomenon becomes more pronounced. Furthermore, a higher coefficient of variation corresponds to a larger worst-case correlation length. To aid in preliminary conservative design in the absence of precise and comprehensive in-situ data, a design table summarizing the failure probabilities for various scenarios is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105701"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upcycling cement kiln dust for manufacturing clay bricks fired at different temperatures: RSM and ANN-GA hybrid-optimization","authors":"Rahma Mebarkia , Mansour Bouzeroura , Messaouda Boumaaza , Nasser Chelouah , Ahmed Belaadi , Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh , Yazid Chetbani , Djamel Ghernaout","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research examines the utilization of cement kiln dust (CKD) in the manufacturing of low temperatures clay bricks (CB) adopting two types of clay, Remila (CR) and Ajiba (CA). The primary goal is to examine how the proportion of CKD and firing temperature interact to affect the bricks' mechanical and thermal characteristics. The effects of these substances on the regulated parameters were assessed using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques and response surface methodology (RSM) in a two-variable process that included curing temperature and CKD %. A factorial design was used for this objective, with CKD rates set at 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 25 % at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C. The statistical research findings show that these parameters have a major impact on brick performance. According to the desirability function RSM, genetic algorithm ANN, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) using the TOPSIS method optimization, the optimal circumstances were identified as 896.51 °C and 29.61 %, 870.24 °C and 29.79 %, 800 °C and 30% of temperature and CKD content, respectively. These findings allow for the determination of the best parameters to design bricks that optimally balance strength and thermal insulation, thereby optimizing production conditions through this experimental approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105683"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dolfie P. Pandara , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Guntur Pasau , Verna A. Suoth , Gerald H. Tamuntuan , Marco A. Laoh , Rafly A. Abudu , Hanny F. Sangian , Dahlang Tahir
{"title":"Enhanced solar desalination performance via integrated interfacial heating and PV-assisted water circulation in a modified single-slope solar still","authors":"Dolfie P. Pandara , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Guntur Pasau , Verna A. Suoth , Gerald H. Tamuntuan , Marco A. Laoh , Rafly A. Abudu , Hanny F. Sangian , Dahlang Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater scarcity remains a critical global challenge, particularly in remote and coastal regions where access to clean water is limited and conventional desalination methods are energy-intensive and costly. Addressing this issue requires sustainable, decentralized, and cost-effective water-purification technologies. This study aims to enhance the performance of single-slope solar stills (SSSS), which often suffer from low productivity and thermal inefficiency, despite their design simplicity and affordability. To overcome these limitations, a modified SSSS that integrates interfacial heating (IH) and photovoltaic (PV)-assisted seawater circulation was developed and evaluated. The system incorporates a floating absorber made of coconut-shell charcoal and a solar-powered water heater to improve the evaporation rates and energy conversion efficiency. The objective of this study is to systematically investigate the thermal behavior, freshwater yield, and energy efficiency of the integrated SSSS-IH system and compare it with that of the conventional configuration. Experimental results show that the integrated system achieved an average daily freshwater productivity of 7.45 L·m⁻² and energy efficiency of 28.68 %, compared to 3.26 L·m⁻² and 13.69 % for the unmodified system. Maximum productivity reached 9.31 L·m⁻²/day. Water quality analysis confirmed that the distilled water met clean water standards, reducing the salinity from 32,300 ppm to below 60 ppm. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the system in improving freshwater yield and energy efficiency and offer a practical solution for sustainable desalination in water-scarce regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How do entrepreneurial traits affect green entrepreneurial performance? A Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)","authors":"Ying Ding , Hong Yang , Can Peng , Chaolin Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical research area, yet existing studies predominantly focus on the isolated impact of individual entrepreneurial traits on performance, overlooking the complex interplay of multiple factors, especially within specialized industry contexts. This study addresses this gap by employing fsQCA to investigate the configurational effects of entrepreneurial traits on the green entrepreneurial performance of technology startups operating in the engineering sectors. The analysis reveals four key findings. First, diverse configurations of entrepreneurial traits generate multiple pathways to achieve green entrepreneurial performance, highlighting the importance of considering trait combinations rather than individual attributes. Second, social capital, prior engineering experience, and green innovativeness emerge as pivotal factors; social capital is present in five performance configurations, playing a central role in high-performance outcomes, while prior experience and green innovativeness feature in four configurations. Third, startups can attain strong green performance by leveraging substantial social capital, rich prior experience, and proactive green innovativeness, even with relatively moderate psychological traits. Fourth, a high degree of green innovativeness significantly enhances performance, underscoring its value in driving technological advancements within the engineering green entrepreneurship space. This research uncovers the synergistic mechanisms through which entrepreneurial traits influence green entrepreneurial performance in engineering startups, offering actionable insights for enhancing competitiveness, driving sustainable development, and informing strategic decision-making in the engineering management domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harry Kwaku Megbenu , Kyran Kassym , Gulnaz Ingkar , Alina M. Balu , Minavar Shaimardan , Rafael Luque , Nurxat Nuraje
{"title":"Continuous flow synthesis of furfural from biomass-derived waste using a ZnCl2/NaCl catalytic system","authors":"Harry Kwaku Megbenu , Kyran Kassym , Gulnaz Ingkar , Alina M. Balu , Minavar Shaimardan , Rafael Luque , Nurxat Nuraje","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valorizing lignocellulosic biomass into platform chemicals presents a promising route for sustainable chemical production. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a continuous-flow microreactor for synthesizing furfural from biomass-derived waste feedstocks—specifically, pretreated corncob and rice husk—through formic acid-assisted hemicellulose extraction, benchmarked against commercial xylose. The extracted hemicellulose, enriched in xylose (10.22 % for rice husk and 24.12 % for corncob), was dehydrated in a continuous-flow reactor using NaCl as a promoter and ZnCl₂ as a Lewis acid in an isopropyl alcohol (IPA):H₂O solvent system. Through comprehensive optimization of reaction parameters—temperature, flow rate, catalyst loading, and solvent ratio—a maximum furfural yield of 74.58 % was achieved at 170 °C with a residence time of just 10 min. This continuous-flow approach enables precise control of reaction conditions (validated by SEM and UHPLC), enhances heat and mass transfer, and delivers faster results compared to conventional batch systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue damage assessment using adaptive acoustic emission waveform analysis","authors":"Qingzhao Zhou, Bangchun Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 90% of mechanical failures stem from fatigue, and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring has shown promise in evaluating such damage. AE signal characteristics, such as event count, amplitude, and hit rate, are directly linked to fatigue progression and allow real-time tracking of critical damage stages. However, traditional feature-based methods often suffer from noise and interference from work hardening and user-defined settings, reducing accuracy. This study introduces an adaptive threshold waveform processing method that filters noise and enhances high-energy events. Analyzing these signals with the Bhattacharyya coefficient (BC) enables real-time fatigue assessment. Fatigue tensile-compression tests were conducted on medium-carbon steel, with concurrent real-time recording of surface temperature changes in the specimens. During the slow crack growth phase, an increase in local temperature corresponded with a turning point in the BC evolution trend, indicating that this method can reliably reflect the fatigue damage state of structures in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through high-cycle fatigue experiments, demonstrating its applicability in practical fatigue damage scenarios. Furthermore, the computational cost analysis indicates that the proposed AHIE+BC framework achieves a data compression rate of approximately 20%, significantly reducing the computational burden while maintaining effective damage representation. These results highlight the method’s potential for efficient and accurate fatigue assessment in real-time structural health monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105713"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setyo Budi Kurniawan , Azzahra Aulia Haya , Thin Soedarti , Eko Prasetyo Kuncoro , Łukasz Sługocki , Kacper Nowakowski , Peer Mohamed Abdul , Muhammad Fauzul Imron
{"title":"Revealing the potential of extracted Tamarindus indica seed as a biocoagulant for aquaculture wastewater treatment: Effect of solvent type, concentration, dose, and toxicity assessment","authors":"Setyo Budi Kurniawan , Azzahra Aulia Haya , Thin Soedarti , Eko Prasetyo Kuncoro , Łukasz Sługocki , Kacper Nowakowski , Peer Mohamed Abdul , Muhammad Fauzul Imron","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture wastewater contains high levels of organic matter and nutrients, which can be harmful to aquatic life if discharged improperly into surface water bodies. Coagulation-flocculation is currently the best practice for treating aquaculture effluent with biocoagulants, offering an alternative to metal-based coagulants. This study aims to investigate the potential of Tamarindus indica seeds as a biocoagulant for treating aquaculture wastewater, focusing on the optimal solvent extraction, concentration, and dose. This study also examines the toxicity of biocoagulants to aquatic organisms. Coagulation-flocculation study was conducted under jar test experiment with NaCl, NaOH, and HCl used as solvents; concentration of 0-10 g/L; and doses of 1-5 % v/v under 120 rpm (rotation per minute) rapid mixing for 1 min, 20 rpm slow mixing for 20 mins, and 60 mins sedimentation time. A characterization study showed that NaCl-treated T. indica has a positive zeta potential charge, attributed to the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amide functional groups. Under this optimum condition (NaCl-extract, 6 g/L, and 4 % v/v), the biocoagulant achieved high removal (>50 %) of turbidity, TSS (total suspended solid), and ammonia and considerably good removal of other parameters (TN [total nitrogen], BOD<sub>5</sub> [biological oxygen demand], COD [chemical oxygen demand]). The toxicity test revealed that no mortality was observed at a concentration of 1 g/L, whereas 10 g/L resulted in a 100 % mortality rate after 24 hours of exposure. Further toxicity analysis is suggested to be conducted using treated final effluent (not directly using biocoagulant substances) to observe the direct impact of the treated wastewater if discharged into the water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxime Chiarelli , David F. Vetsch , Robert M. Boes , Loïc Andolfatto , Cécile Münch-Alligné
{"title":"On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners","authors":"Maxime Chiarelli , David F. Vetsch , Robert M. Boes , Loïc Andolfatto , Cécile Münch-Alligné","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydro-abrasive erosion and material fatigue are amongst the main challenges for Pelton turbines. Erosive wear caused by sediment-laden water, significantly impacts turbine efficiency, time between overhaul and service life. While surface coatings and operational adjustments, like shutdowns during high sediment concentration events, offer some mitigation, damage assessment still relies on visual inspections and associated downtime. This study aims to understand the dynamic behaviour of a prototype Pelton runner by examining the influence of boundary conditions as well as the hub and bucket designs on the runner's vibration modes. Additionally, four erosion scenarios are investigated through numerical modal simulations on a single bucket geometry, by removing material from specific erosion-affected locations. The results indicate a weak correlation between main splitter erosion and frequency shifts for all modes. The most realistic erosion scenario, which includes the erosion of a large surface in the bucket intrados, reveals the balanced effect of mass loss and stiffness reduction resulting from material removal. Consequently, most vibration modes remain unaffected by this realistic scenario, except two modes which show significant frequency shifts. These findings enhance the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbines. Moreover, understanding the impact of common wear on Pelton runners is crucial for developing advanced vibration-based monitoring tools that would enhance turbine safety and minimize downtime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassanein Riyadh Mahmood , Ghusoon Ismail Jamil , Asmaa Ali Jaish , Hayder A. Alalwan
{"title":"Affordable efficiency gains integrating perovskite-silicon tandems in next-generation photovoltaic systems","authors":"Hassanein Riyadh Mahmood , Ghusoon Ismail Jamil , Asmaa Ali Jaish , Hayder A. Alalwan","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells suggest a promising pathway to surpass the efficiency limits of traditional photovoltaics while remaining cost-competitive. In this study, a whole modeling process was endeavor to optimize perovskite-silicon tandem module production and deployment. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) yielded optimal parameters for manufacturing which are a coating speed of 10.00 m/min, an annealing temperature of 151.48°C, and a material thickness of 0.79 μm, resulting in an overall yield of 79.9 % and a defect rate of approximately 10.3 %. The manufactured cost was simulated at $0.387/W, significantly lower than the range of current industry benchmarks ($0.50-$1.00/W), prospects for a reduction to $0.25/W are promising within seven years. The simulated 25.4 % efficiency of modules provides ample room for improvement against our current best, of 34.6 % in laboratory conditions. Energy yield simulations of the module during every specific climate type: desert, temperate, tropical, and northern–showed how performance varies by location, with the Mojave Desert producing the lowest LCOE ($0.061/kWh) and highest performance ratio (0.76). Thus our model enables the efficiency-cost interactive exploration paradigm through the conjunction of manufacturing process optimization, production scale-up plans, and location-specific deployment strategies. Our simulation results were validated against National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) benchmark data, confirming the model's reliability and practical relevance for commercial implementation planning. This work, therefore, sets the stage for affordable and high-efficiency photovoltaic systems through systematic optimization of manufacturing processes and deployment conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serviceability-based deflection of RC beams with stainless steel reinforcement: A revised design approach and reliability assessment","authors":"Musab Rabi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a critical gap in current design standards by proposing a tailored deflection prediction model for stainless steel RC beams, accounting for their unique nonlinear and strain-hardening behavior. Stainless steel RC beams tend to exhibit larger deflections under comparable loading conditions than their carbon steel counterparts, owing mainly to the lower bond strength and nonlinear stress-strain response. Since the serviceability limit state often governs the design of RC members, there is a critical need for simplified and accurate deflection prediction methods specifically tailored for stainless steel reinforcement. Current global design codes lack explicit provisions for stainless steel RC members, typically neglecting the unique nonlinear and strain-hardening behavior of stainless steel. To address this limitation, the present study compiles an extensive experimental database of 150 stainless steel RC beam specimens from the literature and evaluates the deflection predictions of established design codes, including ACI 318-19 and Eurocode 2. Building upon this analysis, a modified design approach is proposed. A reliability analysis demonstrates the enhanced accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, offering a more dependable tool for deflection estimation in stainless steel RC beams under service loads. The results show that the mean predicted-to-experimental deflection ratios at 30 % of ultimate moment were 0.98 (EC2), 0.77 (ACI), and 0.99 (proposed). Whereas at 67 %, both EC2 and the proposed method achieved 0.88, outperforming ACI at 0.75. The proposed model improves prediction accuracy under service conditions and provides a more reliable tool for future stainless steel RC beam design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}