Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Energy and exergy analysis for VCRS of a water dispenser","authors":"Mohammed Hashim Mohammed Alshammaa ,&nbsp;Louay A. Mahdi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Babaelahi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of the scorching weather and people's innate demand for cool water, water dispensers are very common throughout the middle east. The apparatus used for the experimental test included a water cooler, a small refrigerator, a wire-on-tube condenser, a low back pressure reciprocating compressor, and a capillary tube that served as a throttling device. By adding four pressure trancedusers and gauges, a turbine meter to record the refrigerant flow rate, many temperature sensors to monitor the air and refrigerant temperatures, and a device to measure power consumption, the machine is transformed into a laboratory machine. Data acquisition is being connected to all of these measuring devices, and the computer has been instantly registered with the data. The analysis of energy and exergy was finished by experimentation. The main conclusions are as follows: The water dispenser operates in line with the real vapor compression refrigeration system due to the pressure drop and heat losses that take place throughout the test.</div><div>The water temperature drops in two stages: first, it drops quickly from 30 to 18 °C in 20 min, and then it drops from 18 to 10 °C in 60 min. The power usage increases in tandem with the rise in the surrounding temperature. Less than a third of the power was used for compression, while the remaining two thirds were used for heat and friction losses. The refrigerator's and water cooler's respective cooling capacities and heat losses. The exergy efficiency of each system component is shown; the compressor shows a lower efficiency value of 0.75 and the water cooler a higher efficiency value of 0.96 for the different ambient temperatures. The wire-on-tube condenser took 0.93, the refrigerator took 0.91, and the throttling took 0.95. The exergy destruction of the system components showed that the compressor lost 23 W of high energy, followed by the refrigerator (8W), wire-on-tube condenser (6 W), and throttling (5 W), with the water cooler experiencing lesser losses of 3 W at room temperature (30 °C). The C.O.P. act less than unity, the C.O.P. Carnot is around four units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic waste as an alternative sustainable fuel in internal combustion (IC) engines – A comprehensive review","authors":"Pitchaiah Sudalaimuthu ,&nbsp;Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ,&nbsp;Ammar H. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution to address pressing environmental deterioration and energy deficiency problems. Valorization of pyrolysis gives improved results in terms of Carbon sequestration, Value-added chemicals, Energy recovery, waste minimization, and soil amendment. In addition, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions related to incineration and other plastic waste management methods. The objective of this review is to explore the various pyrolysis techniques and catalysts for the improvement of plastic pyrolysis. First, basic plastic pyrolytic oil extraction methods relevant to recent pyrolysis techniques are examined. Results showed that pyrolysis technology is moving forward and is very close to commercialization. Catalysts play a vital role in the plastic pyrolytic oil extraction process. Catalysts push the pyrolysis process to the next level by reducing energy input to the pyrolysis process, shortening the desalination process of oil after extraction, adding value, and reducing solid char quantity through the process of effective cracking. However, catalyst usage raises trouble, such as reusability, acting at a different phase, cost, availability, and surface /volume ratio. Nano catalyst overcomes the troubles. This review comprehensively discusses the pyrolysis type's subsequent section, catalytic pyrolysis, and different catalyst reaction reviewed; the incorporative section nano catalyst usage in pyrolysis is discussed. The last section shares the results of plastic oil-fueled internal combustion (IC) engines along with nano additive impact. This evaluation gives a clear vision to create strong environmental stewardship with the local community through better waste management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-efficient obstacle-crossing control framework for quadruped robots","authors":"Jiang Han,&nbsp;Baishu Wan,&nbsp;Yilin Zheng,&nbsp;Zhigong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of a quadruped robot to cross obstacles is a crucial metric for assessing its adaptability in complex environments. Traditional control methods depend on precise physical modeling, which struggles to adapt to complex environments. Nowadays, embodied intelligence has become an important concept for describing agent as learning through environmental interactions. In recent years, techniques like deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning, designed to address interaction challenges, have achieved significant success in robot control. However, many challenges remain, including complex reward mechanism design, poor model generalization, and insufficient expression of physical laws. To this end, a novel energy-efficient obstacle-crossing control framework is developed, which combines the data-driven method of adversarial motion prior and the energy consumption knowledge of physics. This allows the quadruped robot to generate multiple feasible and lowest energy consumption trajectories according to the obstacle information and its current state, enabling it to successfully complete the obstacle crossing task. This framework introduces a novel paradigm for quadruped robot control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal design of perforated baffles for enhancing oil-water separation performance using genetic algorithms","authors":"Subin Kim ,&nbsp;Hwangyo Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Su Jeong ,&nbsp;Younjea Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was conducted to optimize the shape of the perforated baffle, which is known to stabilize the fluid flow in the three-phase separator and increase the separation efficiency. A methodology was proposed to increase the interfacial stability of water-oil and maximize the separation performance by applying a hole shape that converges or diverges to the perforated baffle. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent. To secure the reliability of numerical analysis, the continuity residual was 10⁻⁴ in 1.4 million grids through a grid dependency test, confirming that the separation efficiency converged to a constant value. The hole diameter ratio of the water-oil region was selected as an important design variable. DOE was performed using ANSYS DesignXplorer, and the separation efficiency was optimized using the MOGA algorithm. According to the results, when the hole diameter ratio in the oil region was 0.604 and the hole diameter ratio in the water region was 1.359, the separation efficiency reached 98.13 %, resulting in a 5.00 % improvement compared to the reference model (93.46 %) with a constant hole cross-sectional area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the coupling effect of lighting and thermal environment under learning behavior","authors":"Shiya Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianxin Diao ,&nbsp;Sheng Yao ,&nbsp;Yuting Cong ,&nbsp;Jingyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhenkun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influence of multi-factor interaction on the comfort and learning efficiency are gradually receiving attention. Therefore, the interaction of PMV, color temperature and illuminance, and their effects on the lighting comfort, thermal comfort and learning efficiency under the learning behavior of college students was selected as the objective of study. Interestingly, 60 subjects were selected to conduct questionnaire survey and cognitive tests on the comfort of thermal and lighting environments. The comprehensive comfort factor model was developed to obtain the comprehensive comfort scores and rankings. Furthermore, the optimal learning environment suitable for college students were proposed. The results showed that the PMV has the greatest effect on the overall comfort perception of learning behavior, followed by color temperature and the lowest effect of illuminance. When the PMV is 0.87, it is appropriate to utilize a combination of high color temperature and high illuminance. Conversely, when the PMV is between 0.26 and -0.11, it is good to employ a combination of medium-high color temperature and medium-high illuminance. Conversely, in situations where the PMV is -0.54, a combination of low to medium color temperature and medium to high illuminance is acceptable. Similarly, a combination of low color temperature and medium illuminance is suitable for a PMV of -0.94. The most comfortable learning environment for college students is a combination of high color temperature 4400–4900 K and medium to high illuminance 500–800 lx at a PMV of 0.26.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy generation and heat transfer in MHD free convection within l-shaped cavities: A computational and AI-based approach","authors":"Noor Zeb Khan ,&nbsp;Neelam Tahir ,&nbsp;A.S. Shflot ,&nbsp;M.Y. Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines entropy generation and heat transfer in an <span>l</span>-shaped enclosure to optimize thermal system design by analyzing step aspect ratios (height vs. width). Governing equations (continuity, momentum, energy) are non-dimensionalized and solved via finite element simulations, with entropy production (thermal, viscous, total) evaluated across varying Rayleigh numbers (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), aspect ratio (AR=h/w), and irreversibility ratios. Heat flux is predicted by an artificial neural network (ANN) that has been trained on simulation data, improving computing efficiency. As shown by previous research and grid sensitivity testing, the ANN model forecasts heat transport patterns with accuracy. These findings illustrate the usefulness of ANN in speeding up thermal research by elucidating entropy dynamics and optimizing geometric parameters, which are crucial for building energy-efficient devices. The main conclusions show that magnetic entropy generation can account for up to 44.8 % of total entropy generation under strong magnetic fields (Ha≥20). The average Nusselt number rises by 37.6 % as the Rayleigh number rises from 103 to 106, but it decreases slightly (0.25 %) under high Hartmann numbers, indicating MHD trade-offs. Kinetic energy has a 99.8 % increase with Ra, indicating convection dominance in taller geometries (h = 0.75, w = 0.25).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreduction of methylene blue using nanoporous composite materials","authors":"K.M. Álvarez ,&nbsp;M.A. Hernández ,&nbsp;J.J. Alvarado ,&nbsp;R. Portillo","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the application of semiconductor materials for environmental remediation is very common, especially in the area of photocatalysis. However, these materials are very deficient because they do not have a large surface area. Therefore, it is important to generate advanced materials that combine their properties, as is the case of combining semiconductor materials with porous materials such as zeolites. In this work Titanium Oxide (TiO₂₎ nanoparticles were synthesized by the Sol-Gel method, later natural Zeolites (Erionite, Clinoptilolite and Mordenite) were added to obtain TitaniumOxide /Zeolites (TiO₂/Zeolites) compounds. Furthermore, these composite materials were subjected to heat treatment at 500 °C. Furthermore, the compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Nitrogen (N₂) adsorption. Through XRD the different crystallographic structures were determined, being anatase (TiO₂), hexagonal (Erionite), monoclinic (Clinoptilolite) and orthorhombic (Mordenite). In addition, thanks to EDS, the elemental composition of each compound in relation to oxides was determined. While pore diameters and pore volume were determined in N₂ adsorption by various methods (eg, BJH (Barret, Joiner and Halenda)). As a result, the average pore size ranges from 0.8 to 5.08 nm and the pore volumes are 0.0007–0.2614 cm³/g. In addition, the surface area was determined by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) and Langmuir, where the sample with the lowest surface area was Titanium Oxide -Clinoptilolite (25-75) (TiO₂-Cli (25-75)) with a value of 14.1 m²/g and the one with the highest surface area was Titanium Oxide -Mordenite (25-75) (TiO₂-Mor (25-75)) with a value of 456 m²/g, which means that this sample is the one with the highest adsorption. Indicating with these results that the aggregation of porous materials for the formation of new compounds generates an increase in the surface area, thereby improving the material. Resulting in a wide range of applications such as: sensors, photocatalysis and irreversible adsorption of polluting gases among other applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox mediator system: Expanding the potential of laccase-like nanozymes towards pollutant remediation","authors":"E. Hermosilla ,&nbsp;M. Diaz ,&nbsp;M.J. Pérez-Vélez ,&nbsp;S. Leiva ,&nbsp;A.M.R. Ramírez ,&nbsp;M.R.V. Lanza ,&nbsp;O. Rubilar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the use of a redox mediator system to enhance the pollutant remediation capabilities of laccase-like nanozymes. A three-phase magnetic nanocomposite, composed of MnFe₂O₄, Mn₃O₄, and CuO in various precursor ratios, was synthesized. The 1:2:2 nanocomposite demonstrated the highest specific laccase-like activity, with values of 8.9 U mg⁻¹ at pH 4 and 9.2 U mg⁻¹ at pH 5. In contrast, single-phase nanozymes exhibited much lower activities. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that the 1:2:2 composite had a MnFe₂O₄ core and a Mn₃O₄|CuO alloy shell. The study also evaluated natural and synthetic redox mediators—acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, vanillin, and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT)—for their effect on methyl orange degradation. Acetosyringone was the most effective, achieving near-complete degradation at 50 µM and above, resulting in a 6.3-fold increase in degradation rate compared to treatments without mediators. Syringaldehyde and vanillin also enhanced degradation, with syringaldehyde reaching near-complete degradation at 75 µM and 100 µM, while vanillin required higher concentrations for 80 % degradation. CV was used to analyze the electrochemical properties of reactions involving the 1:2:2 nanocomposite and redox mediators. These findings highlight the potential of combining nanozymes with natural redox mediators for improved degradation of harmful compounds in environmental remediation. While laccase-like nanozymes have typically been used for sensor applications, this study opens new possibilities for their use in environmental challenges and catalytic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and developments in wire arc additive manufacturing of steel: A review","authors":"Mohamed Dekis ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Tawfik ,&nbsp;Mohamed Egiza ,&nbsp;Montaser Dewidar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) offers significant potential for enhancing steel component production. This review addresses critical challenges associated with WAAM, including defect formation, process optimization, and property enhancement. The review categorizes defects, such as porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion, and correlating them with process parameters including wire feed rate and travel speed, to identify key factors influencing component quality. The existing literature reveal that porosity can reduce tensile strength by 15–20 % and fatigue life by up to 50 %, while cracks can lead to a strength reduction of up to 30 %. Strategies for mitigating these defects, including process optimization, post-processing techniques, and emerging technologies, are discussed. Specifically, strategies to control heat input, reduce residual stresses, and refine microstructure have been shown to significantly improve build quality, mechanical properties, and overall performance of WAAM-produced steel component. This review provides valuable insights for industry practitioners for overcoming existing challenges and advancing the application of WAAM in steel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven approach with explainable artificial intelligence for customer churn prediction in the telecommunications industry","authors":"Daniyal Asif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib Arif ,&nbsp;Aiman Mukheimer","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the competitive telecommunications industry (TCI), retaining clients is crucial for profitability, as customer churn remains a significant challenge. Traditional machine learning (ML) models often lack the predictive power needed for complex telecom data, while black-box models provide limited transparency, reducing trust and actionable insights. This study introduces XAI-Churn TriBoost, an interpretable and explainable data-driven model developed using a dataset of over 2 million records. The model combines extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) in a soft voting ensemble to enhance churn prediction. Data preprocessing included handling missing values through iterative imputation with a Bayesian ridge. Sequential data scaling was implemented by combining robust, standard, and min-max scaling methods to ensure feature consistency. Feature selection was conducted using the Boruta technique with a random forest (RF), and class imbalance in the training data was addressed using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). XAI-Churn TriBoost achieved high predictive performance, with an accuracy of 96.44%, precision of 92.82%, recall of 87.82%, and F1 score of 90.25%. To enhance model transparency, we incorporated explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), to interpret individual predictions and identify critical features affecting churn. Key factors impacting churn include regularity and montant, offering TCI valuable insights for targeted retention strategies. XAI-Churn TriBoost thus provides both robust performance and interpretability, highlighting its potential to support customer retention efforts in the TCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}