Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Risk management in belt and road petrochemical projects: An ITTO methodology approach","authors":"Haipeng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a structured risk management framework based on the Inputs, Tools, Techniques, and Outputs (ITTO) model, tailored for petrochemical projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The framework addresses the complex and evolving risks inherent in international EPC environments by integrating standardized risk processes across the project lifecycle—from planning to closure.</div><div>A case study of the X Petrochemical Project illustrates the application of this ITTO-based approach. The framework enabled the identification and mitigation of geopolitical and logistical risks. Notably, the use of Monte Carlo simulation and iterative reassessment helped avoid a projected three-week customs delay, maintaining schedule integrity and improving stakeholder coordination.</div><div>By embedding real-time data integration, cross-cultural adaptability, and structured planning, the ITTO framework offers a scalable and responsive solution for transnational risk management. The findings provide practical insights for aligning risk strategies with sustainability objectives and enhancing project outcomes in complex global infrastructure settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of grain dust explosions: Prevention and control","authors":"Changshun Tian ,&nbsp;Zipeng Yang ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain dust generated during processing, storage, and transportation poses significant risks, including occupational health hazards, mechanical equipment damage, environmental pollution, and the potential for catastrophic explosions. Globally, grain dust explosions cause severe losses to life, property, and infrastructure annually. This review focuses on characteristic parameters, influencing factors, chemical reaction mechanisms, and prevention and control strategies of grain dust explosions. To identify key research directions and future preventive measures, we systematically analyzed existing literature through the following aspects: 1) A synthesis of review articles and accident statistics in the introduction; 2) Explosion processes and causes, flame propagation characteristics, and chemical reaction mechanisms; 3) Explosion characteristic parameters and their influencing factors; 4) Explosion prevention and control measures; 5) Numerical simulation methodologies. Finally, the study's findings and prospects are summarized in the conclusion. The results of this study can provide practical insights for selecting explosion suppression materials, optimizing equipment design, and improving dust removal systems, ultimately reducing fire and explosion risks in the grain industry. Future research should prioritize the development of advanced joint control technologies to achieve intrinsic safety in grain processing and storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of monocular depth estimation for autonomous driving: Methods and dataset benchmarking","authors":"Zhiwei Huang ,&nbsp;Mohammed A.H. Ali ,&nbsp;Yusoff Nukman ,&nbsp;Hai Lu Xu ,&nbsp;Shikai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alkhedher","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of monocular cameras for depth estimation in autonomous driving has emerged as a significant area of research, propelled by substantial advancements in artificial intelligence and the cost-effectiveness relative to other existing systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of monocular depth estimation methods, which can be categorized into three primary approaches: Geometry-Based, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. It encompasses numerous techniques proposed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of depth estimation from a single image. The principal contribution of this paper lies in its analysis of both traditional and deep learning approaches employed in monocular depth estimation, providing insights into their current state and historical context. Additionally, it offers a systematic categorization of the reviewed deep learning methodologies. The authors also discuss key innovations and limitations associated with each approach. Furthermore, common datasets and evaluation metrics utilized within this domain are examined, offering valuable insights into benchmarking practices that facilitate comparisons between various methods. Finally, this paper identifies open challenges and future research directions aimed at addressing issues such as scale ambiguity, dynamic objects, and generalization. This article provides an extensive overview of the field while fostering further advancements in monocular depth estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance comparison of cylindrical and diverging solar chimney power plants","authors":"Hana Gebremariam Araya,&nbsp;Solomon Tesfamariam Teferi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar Chimney Power Plants (SCPPs) are promising renewable energy technology that utilize solar energy to generate electricity. The conventional cylindrical SCPP, as exemplified by the Manzanares prototype, produced 50 kW of power with a 194.6 m chimney and a 244 m collector. However, divergent SCPPs demonstrated higher efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the key performance parameters of these two plants by examining the current experimental and simulation findings. Prior reviews have also not gone much into the impact of chimney's divergence angle or area ratio (AR) on the airflow dynamics. With an optimal area ratio (AR) of 4.1, they achieved a power output of 168.5 kW showing an increment of about 237 % over cylindrical designs. Other studies showed that increasing chimney height of a small sized divergent SCPP from 4 m to 8 m could lead to improve the temperature change by 513.3 % (from 1.5 °C to 9.2 °C) that caused the power output to increase by 252 %. Numerical simulations indicated that a 38.9 m divergent chimney can match the power output of a 194.6 m cylindrical chimney and reduce construction costs by 70 %. Additionally, Bell-mouth integration could further enhance the airflow by 6–7 % and boosts turbine power by 21 %. In general, this review highlights the critical role of geometric optimization for maximizing plant's efficiency. Unlike previous reviews, this study gives more of quantitative analysis. Moreover, the possible occurrence of backflow and scalability challenges which could occur in non-optimized systems are also discussed. Hence, the results of this review give an insight for upcoming SCPP designers to develop efficient and cost-effective plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced engineered nanostructures for aerospace technology: A review","authors":"Pemika Hirankittiwong ,&nbsp;Treerathat Chomchok ,&nbsp;Sarbartha Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Pongthep Prajongtat ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Natthawat Hongkarnjanakul ,&nbsp;Sittiporn Channumsin ,&nbsp;Sougata Ghosh ,&nbsp;Nattaporn Chattham","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered structural nanocomposites with tunable properties is immensely useful in the area of next generation aerospace engineering. Therefore, this review gives an elaborate account on diverse applications of nanomaterials for the advanced aerospace technology. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based materials synthesized employing pyrolysis are used in the linear actuator multilayer insulation support (LAMLIS), proton exchange membrane fuel cell, propulsion system of CubeSat ALICE, low power neutralizer for electrospray thrusters, radiometer’s light absorber for RAVAN, and fillers for development of structural part of the spacecraft. Metal oxide based composites such as, TiO₂NPs, ZnONPs, SnO₂NPs, MgONPs, ZnO₂NPs, CrO₂NPs, CuZnONPs, CoZnONPs, and NiZnONPs are widely used in energy storage devices, dye-sensitized cells, anode material for lithium-ion batteries, fuel droplet combustion of rocket propellant grade 2 fuel, and thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) based composite solid propellants (CSPs). Nanocomposites with MgH₂-VTi-CNTs, RuNPs, Mg₂NiH₄ NPs, SiO₂NPs, ZrO_2, Ir, and AlNCs help in different in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and life support by providing thermal insulation for space suits and aircrafts that protects from radiation and temperature fluctuations. Thus, incorporation of nanocomposites with improved thermoelectric properties and mechanical strength into aerospace components is a rational approach to facilitate space exploration initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning for power system stability and control","authors":"Rakibul Islam ,&nbsp;Mir Araf Hossain Rivin ,&nbsp;Sharmin Sultana ,&nbsp;MD Amaddus Bepary Asif ,&nbsp;Mahathir Mohammad ,&nbsp;Mustafizur Rahaman","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying machine Learning (ML) techniques to power system control and stability has become a game-changing strategy for dealing with the increasing complexity of contemporary electrical grids. This review paper demonstrates how machine learning approaches can stabilize and manage three different power system types —voltage, small signal, and transient —for the integration of renewable energy sources. Data-driven methods and artificial neural networks can utilize sensors and actuator activities in conjunction with machine learning technologies that enable vector machines.ML ensures consistent power input and output in power systems, maximizing system restoration and safeguarding the entire system. Additionally, when the voltage source is autonomously controlled, ML technology simultaneously diagnoses and detects defects. Although obstacles are identified due to the lack of sophisticated monitoring, operation, and control, researchers are developing additional usage features, such as federated learning and physics-informed neural networks. Not all the data is available for testing, but researchers are currently working to obtain 99 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to the stability analysis of slopes subjected to seismic loading: A review","authors":"Zeinab Bayati ,&nbsp;Ali Saeidi ,&nbsp;Meghdad Payan","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recurrence of slope failures during past catastrophic earthquakes has led to substantial loss of life and structural damage. As a result, assessing earthquake-induced landslides remains a critical focus in geohazard research. Numerous methods have been developed to evaluate the seismic stability of slopes, each differing in underlying assumptions, complexity, and level of accuracy. However, most approaches follow one of two fundamental philosophies: (<em>i</em>) calculating a factor of safety (FS) against sliding failure, or (<em>ii</em>) estimating the permanent displacement upon failure. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various analytical and numerical approaches used for seismic slope stability analysis, serving as a guideline for selecting the most suitable method for evaluating earthquake-triggered landslides. The strengths and limitations of each approach are highlighted to aid in informed decision-making. The primary methods discussed include the pseudo-static approach, pseudo-dynamic approach, permanent displacement technique, and stress-deformation analysis. Additionally, advanced approaches with potential applications in large deformation seismic analysis of slopes are examined. Findings indicate that while stress-deformation analysis offers several advantages over pseudo-static, pseudo-dynamic and permanent displacement methods, these benefits come at the cost of increased complexity, requiring more time and effort for problem formulation, material characterization, result interpretation, and significantly higher computational resources. The selection of an appropriate method should be based on the required level of accuracy, project-specific needs, available data, and the complexity necessary to capture the critical aspects of the problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of enhancing the productivity of water desalination systems using spray evaporation","authors":"Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Ali Alshammari ,&nbsp;Deyaa M.N. Mahmood ,&nbsp;Salim H. Jassam ,&nbsp;Oday Z. Jasim ,&nbsp;Atef Chibani ,&nbsp;Hayder I. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Issa Omle","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review systematically evaluates spray evaporation technology to evaluate solar desalination systems, addressing its growing importance in sustainable freshwater production. Through comprehensive analysis of recent advancements, spray evaporation is demonstrated to significantly improve the desalination efficiency while overcoming key limitations of conventional solar stills. The findings reveal that Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) systems integrated with spray evaporation can achieve 99.86 % of spray evaporation efficiency - a remarkable improvement over the original model of spray evaporation tank (82.2 %) - by optimising heat and mass transfer through droplet atomization. The review identifies critical performance factors including nozzle design (optimal 0.5 mm diameter at 9 bar pressure), seawater temperature, and flow rate control, which collectively enhance evaporation rates while reducing energy consumption by up to 18.3 %. Notably, innovations like micro-encapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) can boost daily productivity by 23.1 % with stabilizing thermal output, besides improving the multi-nozzle efficiency by 28 %. However, the analysis ascertains persistent challenges in salt clogging prevention, long-term material durability, and scalability economics that require urgent research attention. The review then provides practical insights for implementing spray-assisted systems in both small-scale applications (using intermittent sprays) and industrial plants (MED configurations). Future research should focus on hybrid systems combining spray evaporation with membrane technologies, standardized durability testing protocols, and cost optimisation for developing regions. More importantly, it has been clarified that spray evaporation as a transformative approach for solar desalination, offering a clear pathway to address global water scarcity through enhanced efficiency, renewable energy integration, and adaptable system designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of extended reality technologies in transportation systems: A bibliometric analysis and review of emerging trends, challenges, and future research","authors":"Mahbub Hassan ,&nbsp;Saikat Sarkar Shraban ,&nbsp;Md Ashequl Islam ,&nbsp;Khairul Salleh Basaruddin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farzik Ijaz ,&nbsp;Nur Saifullah Bin Kamarrudin ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takemura","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid digital transformation of transportation systems has elevated Extended Reality (XR) technologies—including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR)—as critical tools. XR improves safety, optimizes mobility, and enhances human-machine interaction.This study presents a bibliometric analysis and thematic review of XR research in transportation. We analyzed 283 Scopus-indexed publications from 2014 to 2024 using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Python-based libraries. The results show an annual publication growth rate of 18.15%. Cornell University, the University of Glasgow, and Delft University of Technology emerged as leading institutional contributors. National leadership was dominated by the United States, Germany, and China.Thematic mapping identified key areas such as autonomous vehicle validation, pedestrian-AV interaction, AI-driven traffic simulation, immersive driver training, and AR navigation for rail and maritime transport. Keyword analysis emphasized research focuses including Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Autonomous Vehicles, Pedestrian Safety, Mixed Reality, Traffic Simulation, and Human Factors.Despite this progress, significant challenges persist. Studies often lack ecological validity, demographic diversity, scalability, cybersecurity resilience, and ethical transparency. Most XR applications remain confined to laboratory settings with limited real-world validation or cross-cultural generalizability.To address these gaps, we propose integrated frameworks and a strategic research agenda. We emphasize ecological realism, cognitive-adaptive XR designs, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical governance.This study consolidates existing knowledge and outlines future research directions. XR is positioned as a transformative and human-centered technology, crucial for advancing safer, smarter, and more inclusive transportation ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105334"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Key Challenges in production and sustainable strategies for cost reduction within a circular economy framework","authors":"Manaswini Gundlapalli,&nbsp;Sunantha Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing concern over plastic pollution and the environmental effects of conventional plastics has spurred the bioplastics innovation, with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) emerging as a promising alternative due to their biodegradability and wide-ranging applications in various industries. The high production costs associated with PHAs have hindered their commercial viability, limiting their adoption on a large scale. PHA production costs range from $4–6/kg, compared to $1–2/kg for petrochemical plastics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and cost reduction strategies in PHA production. Key obstacles such as the high cost of raw materials, limited substrate availability, low yield, scalability issues, and complex downstream processing are discussed in detail. The review highlights innovative strategies to mitigate these challenges, including the optimization of low-cost carbon sources, the integration of waste-to-resource approaches, and the engineering of microbial strains for enhanced yield and substrate versatility. Advancements in fermentation process optimization, along with novel downstream processing solutions such as cost-effective extraction methods, green solvents, and solvent recycling, are explored to further reduce production costs. By integrating recent research advancements and innovations in the field, this review paper aims to provide a holistic perspective on the economic challenges and solutions for making PHA production more cost-effective, thereby contributing to the broader goal of sustainable bioplastics and the reduction of environmental plastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 105345"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}