Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Advanced machine learning for prediction of circumferential angle and lug spacing in hand tractor cage wheels using stacked ensemble machine learning","authors":"Irwin Syahri Cebro","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information on the performance of hand tractor cage wheels is crucial for implementing precision farming strategies in agricultural land tillage. Various approaches have been developed to predict cage wheel design, but previous efforts were limited to software, soil bins, and small scale testing. This study utilizes artificial intelligence with machine learning (ML) to optimize cage wheel design in hand tractors. We trained and evaluated multiple ML algorithms, including multiple linear regression, artificial neural network, k-nearest neighbor, adaptive boosting, extra trees regressor, and stacked ensemble machine learning (SEM), to predict circumferential angle and lug spacing. Models were assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), and root mean square error (RMSE) based on features such as pull forces, lift forces, side forces, power, traction efficiency, and slip. SEM achieved the highest performance, with a perfect R² and an RMSE for circumferential angle prediction. SEM also showed strong performance for lug spacing, achieving an R² of 0.99 and an RMSE of 0.47. This study confirms the effectiveness of SEM in optimizing hand tractor wheel designs, supporting efficient solutions for agricultural engineering across varying field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various dielectric fluids on temperature homogeneity of Li-ion battery pack in an energy efficient novel immersion cooling design","authors":"Rhik Banerjee,&nbsp;Kottayat Nidhul","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immersion cooling is gaining attention as it does not involve complex flow channels within the battery, making it easier to manufacture a compact battery thermal management system (BTMS) for high-discharge cells than indirect liquid cooling. Four domains, with inlets and outlets at various locations and varying areas, are compared for thermal and hydraulic performance with air as coolant for laminar and turbulent flow regimes at high discharge rates of 3 C and 5 C. The optimal domain was chosen based on better temperature distribution and lower pumping power requirements. Within the optimal domain, the effect of cell spacing was studied by increasing it from 3 mm to 6 mm for various dielectric fluids such as air, de-ionized water, n-heptane, and Novec 7200 for similar volume and mass flow rates. Further, the effect of V-shape fins on the surface of the cells was studied and compared with the no-fin case. V-shape fins considerably reduced the battery's maximum temperature and improved the cell temperature homogeneity within the battery owing to secondary flow and better fluid mixing. With the novel design, the maximum temperature of the battery was reduced by 14 K, and temperature homogeneity of &lt;1.5 K was obtained compared to air as a coolant for a 3 C discharge rate. Using de-ionized water resulted in a lower maximum temperature rise among the various dielectric fluids. Better temperature homogeneity and lower pressure drop were observed for Novec 7200.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104688"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenum disulfide-based hybrid catalysts at the forefront of water treatment: A review of the innovative solutions for effective bacterial disinfection","authors":"Farouk A. Rasheed ,&nbsp;Monireh Nouri ,&nbsp;Tooraj Massahi ,&nbsp;Hossein Arabzade ,&nbsp;Hekmat M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Sofia Samoili ,&nbsp;Stefanos Giannakis ,&nbsp;Masoud Moradi ,&nbsp;Kiomars Sharafi ,&nbsp;Maryam Mardani ,&nbsp;Sherzad M. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in water treatment technologies have highlighted the pressing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient solutions to address waterborne bacterial pathogens. This review highlights the remarkable potential of MoS₂-based catalysts for bacterial disinfection applications, stemming from their unique combination of photodynamic, photothermal, and catalytic characteristics. We conducted an extensive literature review to analyze different MoS₂ catalysts, focusing on their synthesis, mechanisms of inactivation, and effectiveness in eliminating harmful bacteria such as <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, with observed elimination rates reaching 100%. Our comparative analysis revealed that MoS₂-based catalysts exhibit superior bacterial inactivation efficacy and offer significant environmental and economic advantages, including reduced chemical usage and the potential for scalable applications. The specific results demonstrated the effectiveness of the catalysts under various conditions, highlighting the role of photogenerated reactive intermediates in the inactivation process. This study identifies critical areas for further research, including catalyst optimization, stability assessment, and real-world application feasibility, to fully harness MoS₂'s potential in water disinfection. Our findings position MoS₂-based catalysts at the forefront of innovative solutions for addressing global water treatment challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abrasive wear performance of repair welds on R260 rail using different welding electrodes","authors":"Prapas Muangjunburee ,&nbsp;Hein Zaw Oo ,&nbsp;Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ,&nbsp;Buntoeng Srikarun","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the abrasion resistance of unrepaired base rail steel grade R260 to three different welds repaired using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Three different types of pearlitic covered electrodes were utilized in this study. Rail steel and repaired weld metals were examined for chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, wear test, and worn surface. The repaired weld metal using covered electrodes A, B, and C featured acicular ferrite and bainitic structure, while the original rail steel grade R260 possessed a pearlite matrix. The results showed that wear resistance did not correlate with hardness values. The wear resistance of the rail steel was highest, while its hardness was lowest. Covered electrode C, on the other hand, has the highest hardness but the lowest wear resistance. The worn surface of the repaired weld metal employing covered electrode A dominated micro-cutting mechanism. Micro ploughing and micro fracturing occurred in the weld metal of covered electrodes B and C during abrasion test. Therefore, covered electrode A performed best in this repair welding of R260 rail steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and structural evaluations of natural fiber composites for UAV Microjet engine nozzles","authors":"Gopinath Vinayagam ,&nbsp;Sundhar Baskar ,&nbsp;Akhila Ajith Pisharam ,&nbsp;Beena Stanislaus Arputharaj ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Gnanasekaran ,&nbsp;Arul Prakash Raji ,&nbsp;Subhav Singh ,&nbsp;Deekshant Varshney ,&nbsp;Vijayanandh Raja","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fiber-reinforced polymers (NFRP) possess an advantage over conventional alloys and composites in terms of heat flux effect and corresponding heat transfer and efficiency. Hence, this study investigates the thermal and structural performance of NFRPs for use in unmanned aerial vehicle microjet engine nozzles. The primary goal is to measure the nozzle's heat flux effect based on the thermal energy sustainability characteristics on the microjet engines for various alloys, composites and NFRPs. An advanced experiment evaluates test setups for thermo-structural integrity and temperature variations for NFRPs. For this study, Jute and hemp NFRPs are computationally evaluated for thermal conductivity, heat flux reduction, and mechanical stability. Once the material properties are obtained and related outcomes are analyzed, the same is tested experimentally. The designed nozzle is examined through fluid-thermal coupling method and the implemented method is validated for proposed material studies. Outcomes like effects of heat flux, thermal strain and corresponding deformation are noted. From the obtained outcomes, compared to traditional materials like stainless steel and titanium alloys, NFRPs demonstrated a significant reduction in heat flux as high as 99.19 % and a highly reduced thermal stress of 98.18 %. Additionally, with a marginal deformation of 0.07 mm, Jute is identified to be optimum for such thermal applications. These findings highlight the potential of lightweight, sustainable materials for aerospace applications, offering improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of CuO+H2O nanofluid on the cooling towers performance with varying packing densities","authors":"Husam Naufal Saleh Yassien,&nbsp;Ayad S. Abedalh,&nbsp;Omar M. Yousif,&nbsp;Asmaa T. Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the cooling tower (CT) performance has been experimentally investigated. Four types of packing with varying numbers of layers have been employed to investigate the impacts of packing density on the CT performance when using Copper Oxide (CuO) nanofluid as a working fluid. Three different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 %) of CuO+H₂O nanofluid have been evaluated to assess the influence of nanoparticle concentration on the CT performance. The results show that adding more packing layers improves the thermal performance of the CT, regardless of the use of pure water or nanofluid. The effect is more pronounced when CuO+H₂O nanofluid is employed. Furthermore, at a volume concentration of 5 % CuO+H₂O nanofluid, the water temperature differential, cooling tower characteristic, and cooling efficiency increased by 15.3, 7, and 12.5 %, respectively, compared to pure water. However, the tower characteristic tends to increase for lower concentrations (3 %), but may decrease for higher concentrations (5 %). Nonetheless, the tower characteristic may ultimately increase for all concentration levels. Additionally, the impact of CuO+H₂O nanofluid on temperature difference becomes more pronounced as the packing density increases. For example, the temperature differential of the water increases by around 7.5 % and 24.3 % for 7 and 20-layer packing, respectively. These findings suggest that utilizing CuO+H₂O nanofluid as a circulating fluid in place of pure water can lead to improved thermal performance of CTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of wide bandgap semiconductors in electric traction drives: Current trends and future perspectives","authors":"Hassan Ali Soomro ,&nbsp;Mohd Haris Bin Md Khir ,&nbsp;Saiful Azrin B M Zulkifli ,&nbsp;Ghulam E Mustafa Abro ,&nbsp;Mohammad Madhat Abualnaeem","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for highly efficient Electric Vehicles (EVs) continues to rise, developing highly efficient traction drives is imperative, as they are pivotal in determining the vehicle's performance and overall range. Wide bandgap semiconductors, such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), are at the forefront of enhancing the efficiency and performance of traction drives in electric vehicles, offering substantial improvements over conventional silicon-based semiconductors. By leveraging the superior electrical properties, wide bandgap-based traction drives can achieve high switching frequencies, better thermal management, and reduced power dissipation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of wide bandgap semiconductor technology and its promising applications in traction drives of next-generation electric vehicles. This review thoroughly examines the recent research studies on SiC and GaN traction drives. Additionally, it delves into various inverter configurations, such as two-level (2L), multi-level inverters (MLI), and current source inverters (CSI), providing a detailed analysis of their advantages and limitations. Finally, future directions, and research gaps associated with wide bandgap devices and traction inverters are addressed. Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices are more mature in production compared to Gallium Nitride (GaN). The literature review consistently identifies SiC semiconductors as the most preferred WBG device across various inverter configurations, particularly due to their maturity and higher breakdown voltage levels. In contrast, GaN is highly favored in applications involving multi-level inverters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and assessment of a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe employing TiO2/SiO2 nanofluids utilizing metallic nanoparticles","authors":"Anish M ,&nbsp;Jayant Giri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Kanan ,&nbsp;J. Aravind Kumar ,&nbsp;V Aruna ,&nbsp;J R Deepak ,&nbsp;J Jayaprabakar ,&nbsp;T Sathish ,&nbsp;V Jayaprakash","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the potential improvements in Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes (CLPHPs) by utilizing hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) composed of metallic as well oxide nanoparticles. CLPHPs function through dual phase flow to transfer heat between evaporators and condensers, with their performance being heavily dependent on the thermal conductivity of the working fluid. This research examines the performance of CLPHPs using four different working fluids: titanium dioxide (TiO) and silicon dioxide (SiO) HNF, TiO₂ mono nano solvent, SiO₂ mono nano solution, and distilled water, across a range of operating conditions. A Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes was constructed and tested using four different working fluids. The study analyzed several operational parameters, including nanoparticle weight concentrations ranging from 0.2 % to 0.3 %, filling ratios between 60 % and 70 %, and heat inputs from 25 to 75 watts. The findings revealed that the TiO₂/SiO₂ HNF reduced thermal resistance by 28 to 52 % compared to distilled water and by 15 to 40 % compared to mono nanofluids under identical operating conditions (filling proportion, nanoparticle concentration, as well heat input). These results indicate that the hybrid nanofluid significantly enhances heat transfer performance. The CLPHP filled with TiO₂/SiO₂ HNF demonstrated optimal performance at a 70 % filling fraction and a nanoparticle weighted concentration of 0.3 %. Nevertheless, perpetuating solidity of TiO₂/SiO₂ HNF remains a challenge, largely attributable to hydrophobic essence of SiO₂ nano components, which can affect their dispersion and long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampling-efficient surrogate modeling for sensitivity analysis of brake squeal using polynomial chaos expansion","authors":"Hady Mohamed ,&nbsp;Christoph Schöner ,&nbsp;Dominic Jekel","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the feasibility of using sampling-efficient surrogate modeling methods to emulate the behavior of complex Finite Element (FE) models of brake squeal in Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA). FE-based GSA workflows are computationally expensive due to multiple solver runs under uncertain input parameters. To address this bottleneck, we investigate three Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) approaches: (1) projection-based PCE with sparse grids, (2) regression-based PCE with different oversampling rates and polynomial orders, and (3) regression-based PCE with sequential sampling. These methods are applied to a nine-parameter problem, including material and operational parameters. The models are validated against 300 unseen test samples. The accuracy of GSA estimates is validated both qualitatively, based on the understanding of problem mechanics, and quantitatively, through direct estimation of GSA indices using 1,000 reference sample points and comparison with the direct and Kriging models of the commercial software LS-OPT. Results demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly accelerate uncertainty propagation and GSA estimation for time-intensive brake squeal simulations while minimizing computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104649"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-algae biodiesel-hydrogen blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine","authors":"Hariram V ,&nbsp;Sathishbabu R ,&nbsp;Godwin John J ,&nbsp;Nandagopal Kailiappan ,&nbsp;Vijayakumar K ,&nbsp;Sangeeth Kumar E ,&nbsp;Kamakshi Priya K","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the escalating global energy demand, the pursuit of sustainable energy sources has become increasingly urgent. Among these, biofuels have gained significant attention for their potential to provide renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Biodiesel is recognized for its diverse and cost-effective feedstock options. The study provides a novel approach to the production of biodiesel by employing the use of <em>Dunaliella salina</em> microalgae as a green source. The research suggests the blends provide a future solution to less toxic fuel sources, achieving efficiency and minimizing emissions. This research emphasize on the production of biodiesel from <em>Dunaliella salina</em> microalgae, a promising resource due to its high energy yield. The microalgae were cultivated in an f/2 nutrient medium enriched with carbon dioxide, vitamins, and trace metals. A total of 700 mL of bio-oil was extracted using ultrasonication at 50 Hz for 85 minutes. Then, the bio-oil was transesterified in a single-stage, sodium hydroxide-catalysed process with methanol as a solvent. The process yielded a high extraction efficiency of 94 %. The produced biodiesel was characterized through advanced analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, and FTIR test studies, confirming its suitability as a fuel. Combustion and emission analyses revealed that the direct substitution of biodiesel blends for diesel in engines significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, although a slight increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions was noted. The combustion and emission characteristics were influenced by blend composition and calorific value. Additionally, the study provides a detailed comparison of the performance of pure diesel, biodiesel blends, and hydrogen-enriched biodiesel in diesel engines, offering valuable insights into their environmental and performance impacts. This study gives additional insights towards future work such as scalability (consisting large scale cultivation of algae for better studies), engine durability (studies on engine wear and tear) and integration with renewable energy sources (integrating renewable sources like solar and wind energies).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}