Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Optimal operation of the non-drinking water distribution network considering future conditions (Case study: Isfahan University non-drinking water distribution network)","authors":"Mohamad Reza Najarzadegan,&nbsp;Ramtin Moeini","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population growth and climate change have increased the demand for freshwater resources. In Iran, the average per capita freshwater consumption is approximately 5 % to 85 % higher than the global average. In addition, high levels of water loss and inefficient use of drinking water emphasize the need to reduce reliance on these resources. One solution is the use of non-drinking water distribution networks (WDNs), which are often designed based on current conditions but should also be optimized for future scenarios. This study investigates the existing non-drinking WDN at the University of Isfahan and determines an optimal operation strategy considering future water demand. In other words, a new approach is proposed to overcome the limitation of climate-influenced and population increasing water demand value by prediction them. For this purpose, an optimization model is equipped with data-driven based water demand prediction model for proper pump schedules considering the limitation of full life-cycle-cost formulation. Here, the operation of the network’s pumps is optimized using a Binary Genetic Algorithm (BGA), which determines their on/off schedules based on electricity costs and pump depreciation. In addition, water demand is predicted for the next five years using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), based on historical consumption data (2013–2017). Results show that energy consumption can be reduced by 19.77 % in summer and 37.5 % in winter using the proposed method. Furthermore, the best ANN model leads to an R² value of 0.89 (training) and 0.85 (testing/validation), indicating strong predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107190"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous transfer control of medium voltage pump in water treatment: A multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter-based solution","authors":"M.L. Nguyen,&nbsp;Duy Anh Ta","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In large-scale pump stations, medium-voltage three-phase induction motors are commonly used to drive pumps. Conventional soft starters enable smooth motor startup and facilitate grid connection to reduce energy losses; however, they lack speed control capabilities, which are essential for regulating flow or pressure. On the other hand, traditional inverters provide effective speed regulation but do not support seamless motor transfer to the grid. This research proposes a novel synchronous-transfer control scheme as an extended function of variable frequency drives. By applying advanced control strategies, the inverter's output voltage is precisely synchronized with the grid in terms of magnitude, frequency, and phase angle. And hence allowing the motor to be smoothly transferred to the grid when needed. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated through comprehensive numerical simulations utilizing multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverters as the primary drive system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating optimal production size and selling price of a production-inventory system with power-time and exponential-price demand","authors":"Luis A. San-José ,&nbsp;Joaquín Sicilia ,&nbsp;Valentín Pando ,&nbsp;David Alcaide-López-de-Pablo","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents and studies a new production-inventory model with constant production rate in which demand depends simultaneously on price and time. Thus, it is assumed that the demand rate is the multiplication of an exponential function of the selling price and a power function of time. This price- and time-dependent demand can be useful for describing the behavior of demand for some products, because it can be better and more easily adjusted to empirical data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this demand rate has been used in an EPQ system. The aim is to find the optimal production lot size and the optimal selling price that maximize the profit per unit of time. An efficient algorithm to establish the best solution of the problem based on the parameters of the model is developed. This procedure determines whether the production-inventory system is profitable and, in this case, finds the optimal selling price, the optimal inventory cycle, the optimal production lot size and the maximum profit. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate how the algorithm works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters of the optimal production-inventory policy is presented and managerial insights from these results are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 106922"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of thermal radiation and magnetohydrodynamics on hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical plate","authors":"Manimegalai C.,&nbsp;Peri K. Kameswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106969","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recent technological developments have concentrated on the application of nanotechnology and solar-based heat radiation. Solar energy is the primary source of heat and is acquired by absorbing sunlight. Therefore, the main concern of this study is to explore the combined effect of buoyancy-driven hybrid nanofluid flow and the impact of the magnetic field and radiation on the non-Darcy porous medium. The purpose of hybrid nanofluids used in this study is to raise the heat transfer rate, reduce radiation loss, and produce high thermal efficiency in solar collectors. The main features of this research are the improved thermal conductivity of the working fluid in the solar collector. The &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are the hybrid nanofluids utilized in this investigation to improve the solar collector's performance. The Mathematical model described in this study consists of the Navier-Stokes equations. The magnetic field and thermal radiation are included in the momentum and energy equations. The resultant governing equations are solved numerically by MATLAB. The numerical results are validated with the existing results in the literature for a particular case, and they are in good agreement. The graphical illustration showed that with an increase in nanoparticle volume fraction, the temperature profile increases more in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; than &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;; due to this, the heat transfer rate is low in solar collectors. The developed data-driven model resulted in that for 10% nanoparticle volume fraction &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; achieving 72.55% and 68.71% heat transfer rate. This study finds that as the magnetic parameter increases, there is a reduction in fluid velocity and an increase in temperature. As the Hartman number increases to the range 2, ","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 106969"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A process intensification approach for industrial plant decarbonization: Scale-up, techno-economic, and environmental assessment","authors":"Mohammad Shamsi ,&nbsp;Jafar Towfighi Darian ,&nbsp;Morteza Afkhamipour","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the diverse sources of CO₂ emissions, selecting an efficient and cost-effective carbon capture technology is crucial. Although RPB absorbers serve as a potential replacement for traditional packed columns, scaling them up to an industrial level presents a challenge. This research outlines the design and provides a techno-economic, and environmental assessment of an industrial-scale carbon capture process utilizing a DETA solution. The RPB absorber was designed using an iterative methodology for carbon capture retrofitting in an existing petrochemical plant. A carbon-techno-economic analysis approach was developed to integrate process costs and carbon tax into a unified metric for simultaneously evaluating economic and environmental impacts. In the design of the RPB for the flue gas from the fired heater, the optimal liquid-to-gas ratio was determined. After designing the RPB, the variations in loading, CO₂ mole fraction, temperature, CO₂ capture level, and the concentration of molecular and ionic species in the liquid phase were evaluated in an industrial-scale setting using a steady-state rate-based model along the radial direction. The impact of operating parameters, such as liquid temperature, rotation speed, and solvent concentration, as well as their optimal values, on the total annual cost for minimizing CO₂ avoidance costs, were examined. Cash flow analysis showed that the implementation of carbon capture technology resulted in a net carbon tax avoided of 2771 k$/yr and a CO₂ capture cost of $12.3/t_CO2, indicating the cost-effectiveness of using intensified process technology to address environmental concerns and reduce the process equipment footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107153"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEA-Watershed:A temporal-enhanced adaptive watershed framework for real-time particle size measurement in dynamic industrial flows","authors":"Fusheng Niu ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Nie ,&nbsp;Jinxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaowen Xing ,&nbsp;Xinwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Shi ,&nbsp;Jiahui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate real-time particle-size measurement in rapid, illumination-varying industrial flows is hindered by motion blur, inter-particle adhesion, and uneven grayscale distributions. This study introduces TEA-Watershed (Temporal-Enhanced Adaptive Watershed), a training-free framework that delivers robust in-line metrology without interrupting production. The algorithm fuses consecutive frames to reinforce edges, integrates motion-aware parameter optimization with adaptive Otsu thresholding inside a watershed pipeline, and iteratively refines segmentation through trajectory-based feedback. An unsupervised K-Means module further groups particles by morphology, eliminating manual annotation while maintaining calibration under changing flow conditions. Validation on 2–15 mm coal and iron-ore streams achieved a mean Intersection-over-Union of 89.1 % and pixel accuracy of 96.2 %. For metrological performance, the system recorded a mean absolute size error of 3.8 % and a repeatability coefficient of variation below 2.5 % across 100 replicates. Processing throughput reached 22 frames s⁻¹(45 ms per frame), enabling continuous monitoring. Correlation with ISO 2591 sieve analysis confirmed high reliability (R² = 0.98). Requiring only modest computational resources and no learned weights, TEA-Watershed provides quantified uncertainty within industrial tolerances, offering a practical, scalable solution for particle-size measurement, screening-efficiency assessment, and flow diagnostics in mineral processing, coal beneficiation, and powder-handling operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107173"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing vibrations and power consumption in milling of AZ31 alloy through parameter optimization","authors":"Muhammad Atif Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated optimization framework for minimizing vibration and power consumption during the milling of AZ31 magnesium alloy. A total of 25 experiments were performed using a Taguchi L₂₅ orthogonal array to investigate the influence of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Real-time data acquisition captured vibrations along the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as power consumption. Stepwise regression models were developed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, revealing spindle speed as the most influential parameter. These models were input into the NSGA-II algorithm, generating a Pareto front of optimal solutions. The best theoretical solution predicted vibration amplitudes of −8.2 mm (X), 7.7 mm (Y), 4.2 mm (Z), and a power consumption of 68.13 W. Experimental validation yielded errors of 4 % (X), 4 % (Y), 10 % (Z), and −6 % (power), confirming the model's accuracy. Correlation analysis indicated that spindle speed had the greatest influence on power consumption and Z-axis vibrations (<em>r</em> = 0.45 and <em>r</em> = 0.16), depth of cut significantly affected X-axis and Y-axis vibrations (<em>r</em> = 0.27 and <em>r</em> = 0.15) The framework effectively improves machining sustainability by optimizing process parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and eco-friendly piezoelectric nanogenerator based on PVDF-HFP: CBT: Ag fibers for self-powered sensing applications","authors":"R. Gowdaman,&nbsp;A. Deepa","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed an eco-friendly and adaptable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) using a composite material composed of copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, combined with poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful incorporation of CBT-Ag into the polymer matrix, and FTIR results showed an enhancement of the β-phase in the nanocomposite film. FESEM imaging demonstrated consistent dispersion of the nanofillers and a smooth, defect-free nanofiber structure. Tensile and thermal studies demonstrated the composite film's good elongation and heat-resistance properties. The constructed PENG devices were subjected to mechanical stimulation using an electrometer. Nanocomposite films containing 5 wt% CBT-Ag exhibited superior piezoelectric performance, producing an open-circuit voltage of 6.5 V and a current of 1.1 µA. This study proposes a feasible platform to eliminate the need for an external power source in the operation of portable devices. Consequently, the developed PENG exhibits significant potential and can act as an effective alternative to conventional power sources in self-sustaining devices, thereby ensuring its durability and adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridge damage characterisation using machine learning: methods and advances","authors":"Francesco Pentassuglia ,&nbsp;Ivan Izonin ,&nbsp;Stergios-Aristoteles Mitoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridge deflection is a descriptive proxy for potential bridge deterioration and damage. It can be used to determine bridge condition and link this to actionable damage states for timely and accurate damage mitigation and adaptation. While design guidelines mandate strict deflection control at the design stage, primarily for serviceability, there are currently no assessment guidelines or available framework to facilitate bridge damage identification based on bridge deck deflections. A thorough review of the literature revealed that the main reason that deflection is not used as a damage proxy is the complex mechanics underlying its development. A state-of-the-art review is presented to efficiently characterise global bridge damage related to deck deflections. The approach goes beyond existing methods by striving to reveal the causes of bridge deck deflection and their interdependencies, offering a clearer understanding and interpretation of the factors driving this phenomenon. Given the significant uncertainties around deflection causes and the impracticality of complex, tedious analyses for large bridge portfolios, Machine Learning (ML) is proposed as a scalable solution that reduces modelling effort, enhances explainability, and can successfully correlate deflections with damage levels. It then proposes a conceptual Physics-Based ML approach that correlates deflection patterns with actionable damage states, offering a roadmap for future research to enhance bridge damage characterisation. Unlike prior studies, it integrates all major deterioration mechanisms and their interactions into a unified deflection analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107192"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of the atomic ratio of ClO2 Gas on the disinfection process of the influenza virus using molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Saeed Gataa ,&nbsp;Imad S. aboud ,&nbsp;Sarhang Hayyas Mohammed ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Sajadi ,&nbsp;Hani Sahramaneshi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza virus transmission remains a critical public health concern, necessitating effective disinfection strategies to control outbreaks. However, the molecular mechanisms by which varying atomic ratios of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) gas affect viral destabilization and inactivation are not fully understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study used molecular dynamics simulations using the LAMMPS software to investigate interactions between ClO₂ gas and the influenza virus at different atomic ratios. Increasing the ClO₂ concentration from 15 % to 50 % significantly raised virus-gas interaction energy from 25,377.83 kcal/mol to 83,430.95 kcal/mol and virus-virus interaction energy from 523,570.84 kcal/mol to 558,130.12 kcal/mol. Concurrently, mean square displacement decreased, indicating reduced viral atom mobility, and the radius of gyration contracted from 68.55 Å to 65.58 Å, reflecting structural collapse. These molecular-level findings demonstrate that higher ClO₂ atomic ratios strengthened the interactions that led to viral destabilization and accelerated structural breakdown, providing quantitative insights to optimize ClO₂ dosing protocols for effective disinfection in healthcare and public environments. Moreover, the results can inform the development of advanced antiviral surface treatments and air purification technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107175"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}