Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive assessment of sustainable high-strength hybrid geopolymer concrete","authors":"Saeeb M. AL-Tam ,&nbsp;Amr Riad ,&nbsp;Nader Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ali Al-Otaibi ,&nbsp;Osama Youssf","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the production and evaluation of high-strength hybrid geopolymer concrete (HSHGC), an innovative substitute for conventional slag-based geopolymer concrete. The proposed concrete incorporates a range of waste materials, such as charcoal ash, brick waste, fly ash, granite powder, dolomite powder, rice husk ash, and glass waste, as partial replacements for slag. This approach is designed to address critical environmental challenges by reducing landfill accumulation, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, and lowering production costs, thereby contributing to global sustainability goals such as the sustainable development goals and green concrete initiatives. A total of ten HSHGC mixes were developed, utilizing three different waste materials in each mix to partially replace slag. Key experimental parameters investigated include binder ratios (20% and 40%), mixing procedures, and curing methods (heat, water, and steam + water). A comprehensive suite of physical, mechanical, and durability tests was conducted, including assessments of workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, porosity, pulse velocity, sorptivity, and resistance to sulfate attack. Additionally, the sustainability performance of the HSHGC was evaluated in terms of cost-efficiency, energy efficiency, and carbon efficiency. The results confirmed that HSHGC is a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional slag-based geopolymer concrete, exhibiting comparable or superior mechanical and durability properties. Specifically, steam + water curing was identified as the most effective curing method, significantly enhancing compressive strength. In terms of workability, increases of 38.5 %, 46 %, 54 %, 23 %, and 27 % were observed in the M₀-CA, FA20, FA40, GP20, and DP20 mixtures, respectively. Moreover, the compressive strength of the FA20 and FA40 mixtures increased by 15.4 % and 12.8 %, respectively. Shrinkage was reduced by 19.2 % in the FA40 mixture and 25 % in the GW20 mixture, resulting in enhanced long-term stability and performance. Notably, the RHA20 mix, despite having lower initial strength, exhibited superior resistance to sulfate attack, making it particularly suitable for applications in coastal and saline environments. Furthermore, in terms of environmental efficiency, the M₀-CA mix demonstrated a 1.3 % improvement. They also showed reductions in carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs in all mixtures. This research underscores the significant potential of HSHGC as a transformative material in construction, aligning with global sustainability goals and addressing modern construction demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of Sn grain growth in composite solder joint using a modified cellular automaton model","authors":"István Bozsóki ,&nbsp;Balázs Illés ,&nbsp;Attila Géczy","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality and reliability of the solder joints, like mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, are determined by their microstructure. In this work, a 3D numerical model was developed to investigate the dendritic Sn grain growth during the solidification by modified decentred cellular automaton technique, expanding the view on composite joints. The Sn dendritic network was covered by a cuboctahedral envelope according to the preferred growth directions. The aim was to compare the grain growth in pure and composite solder joints, which contain reinforcement nanoparticles. The results showed that the model could reproduce the experimental results and provide insight into how nanoparticles can alter grain growth behaviour. The dynamics of grain growth were considerably increased (40-60 % by pinning and nucleation effects and more than 100 % in combined) by the reinforcement nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was found that the cooling rate highly affected the grain refinement by elevating the nucleation rate. The main driving forces of the grain refinement were the decreased growth rate and additional nucleation sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of binary benzimidazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel using multi-modal analysis and optimization techniques","authors":"Azizollah Khormali ,&nbsp;Soroush Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Yousef Kazemzadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Karami","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of inhibitors is considered one of the most effective and efficient methods of combating. The development of mixtures of inhibitors with synergistic effect can improve effectiveness of corrosion control. In this work, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) and 2-ethylbenzimidazole (2-EBI) and their mixture in one-molar HCl was evaluated. Moreover, by analysis of variance and response surface method, two correlations were developed for predicting inhibition effectiveness. The average difference between predicted and experimental values of corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency was 6.90 % and 2.86 %, respectively. The R² and R²adj values of the obtained models for predicting mixture efficiency were 0.9935 and 0.9913. Furthermore, the inhibition process was optimized, and the results showed that the best conditions for corrosion control occurs in mixing ratio of 75:25 (2-MBI:2-EBI), 130 ppm and 25 °C. In these conditions, the predicted rate and efficiency were 0.69 mm/y and 93.74 %. Results of hydrogen volume determination after 20 min showed a volume of 4, 1.8, 1.4 and 0.9 cm³ for blank solution, 2-EBI, 2-MBI and mixture. The Nyquist plot confirmed that the optimum concentration is 130ppm. The inhibition efficiency values of the weight loss, electrochemical and polarization tests in optimal conditions had an error of &lt;5 %. The highest inhibition efficiency of the developed mixture by electrochemical and polarization tests was 92.17 % and 93.87 %, respectively. Finally, the Gibbs free energy values ranged from -34.5126 to -39 .5446kJ.mol^-1. Also, the enthalpies obtained from the Van Hoff equation and the second law of thermodynamics were -4.6021 and -4 .4965kJ.mol^-1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the helical strake vacuum membrane distillation","authors":"Hussain Al-Muallem,&nbsp;Rached Ben Mansour,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Antar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel design for a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) system, incorporating a helical strake on the vacuum side of the tube to enhance performance. The proposed design aims to mitigate the effects of temperature and concentration polarization on the membrane surface, thereby improving permeate flux. The study numerically investigates this concept, utilizing a three-dimensional CFD model developed in Ansys Fluent 2021. The VMD model is validated against experimental data available in the literature. Various helical strake configurations are evaluated, focusing on the number of turns. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in permeate flux, with improvements of up to 44 %. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of optimizing strake height for optimal performance. Furthermore, it reveals that inlet feed velocity and temperature play a critical role in enhancing the permeate flux in the helical strake vacuum membrane distillation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Analysis of Twisted Fins in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger","authors":"Willy Haw,&nbsp;Cheen Sean Oon,&nbsp;Ee Von Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examined the integration of twisted fins (TF) on the inner wall of the outer pipe in a double-pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) to enhance thermal-hydraulic performance. The influence of varying twist angles within the turbulent flow regime on heat transfer and pressure drop is evaluated to identify an optimal configuration for energy efficiency. Simulations conducted using ANSYS Fluent, employing the SST k-ω viscous model to simulate the effects of swirling flows and vortex interactions induced by TF and the COUPLED algorithm to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Results show that TF significantly enhances heat transfer by improving fluid mixing and disrupting thermal boundary layers but increases pressure drop due to higher turbulence and friction. Elevated turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) associated with swirling flows and vortices is identified as the primary mechanism for heat transfer enhancement, intensifying with increasing twist angle. However, for twist angles above 40°, the rate of heat transfer improvement diminishes, indicating diminishing returns. The most significant overall improvement occurs in the transition from 30° twisted fin (TF30) to 40° twisted fin (TF40), with a 15.80% increase in Nusselt number and a 14.93% increase in friction factor. Performance evaluation criteria (PEC) values show that all TF configurations achieve PEC &gt; 1, indicating that the Nusselt number improvement outweighs the friction factor increase. TF40 achieves the highest average PEC of 1.305, establishing it as the optimal configuration for energy management. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of TF in improving DPHE efficiency, highlighting their potential for future heat exchanger applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Finite element modeling and experimental investigation of micro milling of laser powder bed fusion fabricated Ti6Al4V","authors":"Muhammad Rehan ,&nbsp;Tao He ,&nbsp;Danish Tahir ,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Khalil ,&nbsp;Wai Sze Yip ,&nbsp;Sandy Suet To","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-manufactured titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) has become a preferred material for micro-components in various industries due to its superior mechanical properties compared to conventionally produced wrought alloys. Finite element (FE) simulations provide an efficient and powerful method for modeling complex machining processes, minimizing the need for extensive physical experiments while saving time and resources. However, existing FE models oversimplify high-speed micro-milling as overlooking critical aspects especially tool rotation and the interactions between the cutting tool and workpiece surfaces. This leads to inaccurate predictions of chip formation and surface quality. This study introduces an advanced 3D finite element model (FEM) for micro-milling that incorporates orthogonal cutting constraints, tool rotation, and the intricate interactions between the cutting tool and workpiece for LPBF Ti6Al4V. The model effectively captures the shearing process and simulates cutting forces, chip morphology, and surface topologies under various machining conditions. Experimental validations confirm the model's reliability and robustness, demonstrating strong agreement with simulation results. The model also adapts well to variations in machining parameters. Key findings reveal that increasing the depth of cut raises cutting forces due to enhanced material removal, while higher tool rotational speeds at a constant depth of cut increase cutting forces because of elevated friction. These parameters significantly influence chips profiles, surface defects and overall quality. This validated 3D FEM offers critical insights for optimizing the micro-milling of LPBF Ti6Al4V components, providing a reliable tool for advancing precision manufacturing strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and exergy analysis for VCRS of a water dispenser","authors":"Mohammed Hashim Mohammed Alshammaa ,&nbsp;Louay A. Mahdi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Babaelahi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of the scorching weather and people's innate demand for cool water, water dispensers are very common throughout the middle east. The apparatus used for the experimental test included a water cooler, a small refrigerator, a wire-on-tube condenser, a low back pressure reciprocating compressor, and a capillary tube that served as a throttling device. By adding four pressure trancedusers and gauges, a turbine meter to record the refrigerant flow rate, many temperature sensors to monitor the air and refrigerant temperatures, and a device to measure power consumption, the machine is transformed into a laboratory machine. Data acquisition is being connected to all of these measuring devices, and the computer has been instantly registered with the data. The analysis of energy and exergy was finished by experimentation. The main conclusions are as follows: The water dispenser operates in line with the real vapor compression refrigeration system due to the pressure drop and heat losses that take place throughout the test.</div><div>The water temperature drops in two stages: first, it drops quickly from 30 to 18 °C in 20 min, and then it drops from 18 to 10 °C in 60 min. The power usage increases in tandem with the rise in the surrounding temperature. Less than a third of the power was used for compression, while the remaining two thirds were used for heat and friction losses. The refrigerator's and water cooler's respective cooling capacities and heat losses. The exergy efficiency of each system component is shown; the compressor shows a lower efficiency value of 0.75 and the water cooler a higher efficiency value of 0.96 for the different ambient temperatures. The wire-on-tube condenser took 0.93, the refrigerator took 0.91, and the throttling took 0.95. The exergy destruction of the system components showed that the compressor lost 23 W of high energy, followed by the refrigerator (8W), wire-on-tube condenser (6 W), and throttling (5 W), with the water cooler experiencing lesser losses of 3 W at room temperature (30 °C). The C.O.P. act less than unity, the C.O.P. Carnot is around four units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-efficient obstacle-crossing control framework for quadruped robots","authors":"Jiang Han,&nbsp;Baishu Wan,&nbsp;Yilin Zheng,&nbsp;Zhigong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of a quadruped robot to cross obstacles is a crucial metric for assessing its adaptability in complex environments. Traditional control methods depend on precise physical modeling, which struggles to adapt to complex environments. Nowadays, embodied intelligence has become an important concept for describing agent as learning through environmental interactions. In recent years, techniques like deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning, designed to address interaction challenges, have achieved significant success in robot control. However, many challenges remain, including complex reward mechanism design, poor model generalization, and insufficient expression of physical laws. To this end, a novel energy-efficient obstacle-crossing control framework is developed, which combines the data-driven method of adversarial motion prior and the energy consumption knowledge of physics. This allows the quadruped robot to generate multiple feasible and lowest energy consumption trajectories according to the obstacle information and its current state, enabling it to successfully complete the obstacle crossing task. This framework introduces a novel paradigm for quadruped robot control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal design of perforated baffles for enhancing oil-water separation performance using genetic algorithms","authors":"Subin Kim ,&nbsp;Hwangyo Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Su Jeong ,&nbsp;Younjea Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was conducted to optimize the shape of the perforated baffle, which is known to stabilize the fluid flow in the three-phase separator and increase the separation efficiency. A methodology was proposed to increase the interfacial stability of water-oil and maximize the separation performance by applying a hole shape that converges or diverges to the perforated baffle. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent. To secure the reliability of numerical analysis, the continuity residual was 10⁻⁴ in 1.4 million grids through a grid dependency test, confirming that the separation efficiency converged to a constant value. The hole diameter ratio of the water-oil region was selected as an important design variable. DOE was performed using ANSYS DesignXplorer, and the separation efficiency was optimized using the MOGA algorithm. According to the results, when the hole diameter ratio in the oil region was 0.604 and the hole diameter ratio in the water region was 1.359, the separation efficiency reached 98.13 %, resulting in a 5.00 % improvement compared to the reference model (93.46 %) with a constant hole cross-sectional area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic waste as an alternative sustainable fuel in internal combustion (IC) engines – A comprehensive review","authors":"Pitchaiah Sudalaimuthu ,&nbsp;Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ,&nbsp;Ammar H. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution to address pressing environmental deterioration and energy deficiency problems. Valorization of pyrolysis gives improved results in terms of Carbon sequestration, Value-added chemicals, Energy recovery, waste minimization, and soil amendment. In addition, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions related to incineration and other plastic waste management methods. The objective of this review is to explore the various pyrolysis techniques and catalysts for the improvement of plastic pyrolysis. First, basic plastic pyrolytic oil extraction methods relevant to recent pyrolysis techniques are examined. Results showed that pyrolysis technology is moving forward and is very close to commercialization. Catalysts play a vital role in the plastic pyrolytic oil extraction process. Catalysts push the pyrolysis process to the next level by reducing energy input to the pyrolysis process, shortening the desalination process of oil after extraction, adding value, and reducing solid char quantity through the process of effective cracking. However, catalyst usage raises trouble, such as reusability, acting at a different phase, cost, availability, and surface /volume ratio. Nano catalyst overcomes the troubles. This review comprehensively discusses the pyrolysis type's subsequent section, catalytic pyrolysis, and different catalyst reaction reviewed; the incorporative section nano catalyst usage in pyrolysis is discussed. The last section shares the results of plastic oil-fueled internal combustion (IC) engines along with nano additive impact. This evaluation gives a clear vision to create strong environmental stewardship with the local community through better waste management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}