Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Theoretical dissection of water management paradigms in PEM fuel cells: Comparative insights into cutting-edge flow field channel designs for resolving hydrodynamic challenges","authors":"Ala’a Al-Falahat,&nbsp;Saad S. Alrwashdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a detailed theoretical investigation into water management paradigms in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), focusing on comparative insights into three advanced flow field channel designs: Serpentine Interdigitated and Fractal are the most common types of micro capillary. The results obtained indicate that the Fractal design exhibited the highest response with the maximum gas utilization efficiency of 95% at low current densities decreasing to 80% at 2.5A/ cm² in contrast to the other designs such as Serpentine and Interdigitated with efficiency of 75% and 72% when operated at the exactly similar conditions. In addition, voltage drop analysis for the Fractal design was lower, from 0.015 V to 0.25 V which is better by 30% over the voltage of the Serpentine design and by 40% over the voltage of Interdigitated design. As it has also been highlighted from these findings, each of the flow field geometries has an important decision in determining the level of hydrodynamic issues such as the formation of water layers and the reactive species distribution while, at the same time improving the overall cell performance. The findings presented in this research contribute to the development of effective recommendations for PEMFC system design to meet the global increased interest in efficient energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of nano titanium dioxide on strength and durability of ambient-cured GGBS-based geopolymer concrete","authors":"A. Ravi Theja ,&nbsp;M. Sivaramakrishnaiah ,&nbsp;K․V․S․Gopala Krishna Sastry ,&nbsp;C. Sashidhar ,&nbsp;Prabhu Paramasivam ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kanti ,&nbsp;Abinet Gosaye Ayani","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of nano titanium dioxide (nano TiO₂) on the mechanical and durability performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) produced using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and ambient curing conditions. Sodium hydroxide (10 M) and sodium silicate were used as alkaline activators at varying ratios to determine the optimal mix design, with the best compressive strength observed at a Na₂SiO₃/NaOH ratio of 2.5. Nano TiO₂ was then incorporated into the GPC in varying dosages from 1 % to 5 % by weight of GGBS. Compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength tests were conducted, along with rapid chloride permeability, water absorption, sorptivity, and resistance to sulfate and chloride attacks. Microstructural properties were assessed using SEM, EDS, TGA/DSC, and FTIR analyses. The optimal nano TiO₂ content was found to be 3 %, which led to a 21.5 % improvement in compressive strength and enhanced durability, with lower permeability and porosity compared to the control mix. Beyond 3 %, performance declined due to nanoparticle agglomeration and microcracking. The results demonstrate that nano TiO₂ can significantly enhance the performance of ambient-cured GGBS-based geopolymer concrete when used within optimal limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105757"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced degradation ability of heterojunction via construction of typical morphologies of carbon nitride: Mechanistic insights and theory calculations","authors":"Xuan Xu ,&nbsp;Haodong He ,&nbsp;Chenyu Li ,&nbsp;Lin Dai ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Chen ,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Shen ,&nbsp;Zhigang Qiu ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nitride (C₃N₄)-based heterojunctions have demonstrated remarkable potential in suppressing photogenerated carrier recombination and enhancing light-energy conversion efficiency, making them promising candidates for photocatalytic applications. However, the synergistic interplay between morphology regulation and heterojunction engineering remains underexplored. In this study, three distinct C₃N₄ nanostructures—bulk (BCN), spherical (SCN), and vein-network (LCN)—were successfully synthesized via high-temperature calcination and solvothermal methods using melamine as the precursor. Subsequently, a Z-scheme C₃N₄/WO₃ heterojunction was constructed and employed for visible-light-driven tetracycline (TC) degradation. Comprehensive experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that morphological optimization critically influences the crystal structure, band alignment, and photoelectrochemical properties of C₃N₄. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and photoelectrochemical analyses further elucidated the mechanistic role of nanostructure design in enhancing charge separation and photoconversion efficiency. The Z-scheme heterojunction not only promoted localized charge density distribution but also significantly improved light absorption and carrier separation, leading to superior TC degradation performance. Notably, the LCN/WO₃ composite achieved 96.5 % TC removal within 60 min, outperforming BCN/WO₃ (75.3 %) and exhibiting degradation rates 2.24 and 8.48 times higher than those of BCN and pristine WO₃, respectively. This work highlights the synergistic benefits of morphology control and heterojunction engineering in optimizing C₃N₄-based photocatalysts, offering a viable strategy for efficient antibiotic degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the acquisition and identification methods of critical microscopic quality characteristics in the manufacturing process","authors":"Zhongyi Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenyang Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Liang ,&nbsp;Kan Lv ,&nbsp;Bin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of microscopic quality characteristics (MQC) reveals the significant impact of the formation and fluctuation of subtle characteristics during the manufacturing process on the local performance of the product, which is essential for the optimization of process parameters and for the improvement of product quality and reliability. This paper, based on manufacturing process unit information, mines the systematic information of the process unit through the process constituent elements model and also constructs the feature thesaurus of different process domains by using the Function-Principle-Behaviour-Structure-Resource-Environment (FPBSRE) model. Intelligent acquisition and representation of MQC during machining are realized by using natural language processing (NLP) techniques and topological methods. Additionally, the Triangular fuzzy number (TFN)-Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE)-Adversarial Interpretive Structure Modeling (AISM) method was used for the identification of critical microscopic quality characteristics (CMQC), and the practicality and validity of the method in high-precision blade processing were verified by sensitivity analysis and method comparison. This study provides a new perspective for the analysis of MQC and a strong technical support for the quality control of related manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable orthopaedic implants: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of magnesium, iron, and zinc alloys","authors":"Zatul Faqihah Mohd Salaha ,&nbsp;Nik Nur Ain Azrin Abdullah ,&nbsp;Kar Fei Chan ,&nbsp;Hong-Seng Gan ,&nbsp;Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hanif Ramlee","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of orthopaedics, biodegradable metallic implants have attracted substantial interest due to their potential to reduce the need for implant removal surgeries, facilitate the regeneration of native tissue, and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Although numerous literatures have been published that emphasise the successful results of biodegradable metallic implants, none of them have specifically addressed the advantages and disadvantages of the three superior metals: magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Furthermore, before being implanted in the human body, these metallic implants must undergo <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> testing to ensure their compatibility. Therefore, this article reviewed the most recent <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments conducted on biodegradable metallic implants, emphasising the degradation behaviour, biocompatibility, loading conditions, boundary conditions, advantages, and disadvantages of the materials. In summary, zinc-based alloys are superior to Mg and Fe in terms of strength and a favourable strength-to-weight ratio, despite the fact that they have demonstrated biocompatibility and mechanical properties that are appropriate for biomedical implants. Nevertheless, in order to guarantee the mechanical properties of materials are reliable, it is necessary to implement an alternative method, such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105746"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concrete breakout in steel fiber-reinforced concrete: Database, evaluation, and design recommendations","authors":"Ahmad Tarawneh ,&nbsp;Roaa Alawadi ,&nbsp;Musab Rabi ,&nbsp;Abd Al-Aziz Abo-Najem ,&nbsp;Yazan Alkhateeb ,&nbsp;Hadeel Amirah","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the anchorage breakout capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) under tensile and shear loading, addressing gaps in existing knowledge through a comprehensive analysis of 765 experimental tests. The compiled database encompasses cast-in-place and post-installed anchors, varied fiber contents (0–2 %), deformed and straight fibers, edge effects, anchor groups, and a range of embedment depths (<em>h_ef</em>) and concrete strengths. The analysis showed an increase in the concrete breakout capacity due to the presence of steel fibers. A modification factor (<em>ψ_fiber</em>) is proposed to integrate fiber contributions into the Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) method, enabling capacity increase up to 1.5 times higher than plain concrete breakout. The factor is applicable to tensile/shear breakouts and edge-affected anchors but requires restraint for post-installed anchors with <em>h_ef/diameter</em> &gt; 4.5 due to mixed failure modes. Anchors with <em>h_ef</em> or edge distance (<em>c₁</em>) &lt;0.78 the fiber length show negligible fiber contribution due to anisotropic fiber distribution (wall-effect), revising previous recommendations. Notably, straight fibers enhance capacity comparably to hooked-end fibers, and anchor groups exhibit higher fiber contributions than single anchors, attributed to load redistribution. This work advances SFRC anchor design by validating fiber efficiency across diverse conditions, offering a robust predictive framework, and clarifying limitations for practical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of lightweight clay-air foam embankment on soft Bangkok clay: A full-scale test and 3D numerical analysis","authors":"Phermphorn Buathong ,&nbsp;Pornkasem Jongpradist ,&nbsp;Pitthaya Jamsawang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of a lightweight clay-air foam embankment on soft Bangkok clay through a full-scale test and 3D numerical analysis using PLAXIS 3D. The embankment’s behavior was evaluated in terms of settlement, lateral movement, and earth pressure, with field data compared to numerical predictions. At an embankment height of 2.5 m, the maximum observed settlement was 83 mm, while computed values were overpredicted by 0.5–10%. The maximum lateral movement was 3.6 mm, with numerical predictions overestimating by 9%. Earth pressure measurements showed a peak of 25 kPa, slightly lower than the theoretical 33 kPa, with computed values overpredicted by 18%. A comparison with conventional embankments revealed significantly improved performance using lightweight materials. The traditional embankment exhibited a maximum settlement of 1089 mm, 12.6 times higher than the lightweight embankment. The lateral movement reached 116 mm for the conventional embankment, compared to 3.6 mm for the lightweight embankment. The lightweight embankment shows a maximum earth pressure of approximately 30 kPa, whereas the conventional embankment reaches around 80 kPa, indicating a 2.7 times reduction in stress for the lightweight embankment. Furthermore, the factor of safety was significantly higher for the lightweight embankment (7.28) than for the conventional one (1.13), demonstrating its superior stability. These results highlight the effectiveness of lightweight materials in reducing settlement, lateral movement, and earth pressure, offering a practical solution for improving embankment sscheility on soft soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of flow field characteristics of non-circular gear hydraulic motors under the influence of multiple factors","authors":"Junhai Guo ,&nbsp;Changbin Dong ,&nbsp;Yongping Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Bohan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the flow field characteristics of non-circular gear hydraulic motors under high-water-based emulsion environments. While non-circular gear hydraulic motors exhibit significant advantages, such as low speed and high torque, the unique properties of high-water-based emulsion result in complex internal flow field behavior, with limited related research available. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the flow field characteristics of the hydraulic motor under typical operating conditions using computational fluid dynamics methods. The simulation results indicate that increasing the sun gear speed (100-500 rpm) reduces flow pulsation from 9.63 % to 6.33 % (a decrease of 34.3 %) and suppresses cavitation, although it also reduces the chamber filling flow rate. Increasing the inlet pressure (5-20 MPa) enhances the chamber filling capacity but causes flow pulsation to increase from 8.50 % to 10.82 % (an increase of 27.3 %) and exacerbates cavitation. Increasing emulsion concentration (0-10 %) leads to a decreased instantaneous flow rate and weakens the chamber filling capacity, with flow pulsation reduced from 10.76 % to 8.67 % (a 19.4 % decrease). This change has little impact on pulsation but effectively suppresses cavitation. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the structural optimization and performance enhancement of high-water-based non-circular gear hydraulic motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High entropy alloy (HEA) coatings for tribological applications - a review","authors":"S Sabarinath ,&nbsp;Vighnesh Raj ,&nbsp;Lakshmi V. Nair ,&nbsp;Vinoy Thomas ,&nbsp;Nasirudeen Ogunlakin ,&nbsp;Viswanathan S. Saji","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloy (HEA) coatings have garnered significant attention owing to their outstanding mechanical and tribological properties, as well as their resistance to high-temperature oxidation. These coatings consist of multiple principal elements, distributed in roughly equal atomic percentages. This characteristic makes them well-suited as coating materials for extreme operational conditions. This review delves into the realm of tribological thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), providing an account of fundamental principles and recent advancements in the context of HEA coatings. The review commences by elucidating the intricacies of substrates and coating parameters, detailing the properties of the substrate that influence coating performance. A focal point is then established on HEA coatings, with an overview of major processing techniques and a thorough examination of microstructural features and mechanical properties and how they influence friction and wear characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from plastic waste: Influence of manganese as a catalytic promoter","authors":"Shabiatur Rhokimah ,&nbsp;Seunghyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Ischia Kurniawati ,&nbsp;Yonmo Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting plastic waste into valuable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) presents a transformative solution to the global plastic pollution crisis while significantly reducing plastic waste. This review emphasizes how the different types of plastics used for transforming plastic waste into CNTs can influence the quality and yield of CNT production. It is identified that polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) serve as optimal feedstocks owing to their higher purities compared to other plastic types, resulting in cleaner CNT synthesis. Additionally, catalysts play a crucial role, with the one-step impregnation method using (Mn+Fe)/MgO demonstrating a superior performance compared to other methods due to an enhanced carbon solubility in α-(Fe_1­xMn_x)₂O₃. Furthermore, manganese functions as an efficient promoter, ultimately improving the CNT yield and selectivity. Overall, it is noted that advancements in sustainable techniques for converting plastic waste into high-value material can have a crucial impact on future innovations in the field. This review not only explores the conversion of plastic waste into CNTs, but it also emphasizes the role of manganese in catalyst enhancement, aiming to produce high-quality CNTs for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}