{"title":"Artificial intelligence for bridge resilience under extreme conditions: in-depth analysis and future priorities","authors":"Emran Alotaibi , Nadia Nassif , Abdulrahman Metawa , Mohamad Alhalabi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review synthesizes recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for bridge resilience under extreme conditions. Drawing on 308 Scopus publications from 2021 to 2025, it combines bibliometric mapping with an in‑depth analysis of 20 key studies to track research growth, themes, and international collaborations. Advanced AI models—convolutional neural networks, long‑short‑term memory networks, temporal convolutional networks, and attention‑based hybrids—enhance real‑time structural health monitoring, damage detection, and seismic response prediction. Multimodal data fusion and transfer learning further improve predictive accuracy and support proactive maintenance. Overall, AI‑driven approaches complement inspections and finite‑element models by providing rapid, data‑driven decision support for the design, monitoring, and management of bridges under earthquakes, floods, fire, and strong winds. The review identifies three priorities: embedding AI within digital twins and decision‑support systems for network‑level bridge management; extending applications beyond seismic hazards to a unified multi‑hazard resilience framework; and explicitly addressing data quality, uncertainty, and explainability so AI tools can be trusted in safety‑critical settings. An AI‑integrated bridge digital‑twin framework is proposed to link multimodal sensing, hybrid/PINN‑enabled prediction, and risk‑informed outputs for real‑time monitoring, early warning, and maintenance planning. Future work should strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of standardized, open datasets to accelerate robust AI deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 109955"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with grid-reinforced ECC panels using the EBROG technique","authors":"Alireza Saljoughian, Behnaz Arefian, Zeynab Ansari, Davood Mostofinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering cementitious composite (ECC) panels are favored for their effectiveness and ease of installation. Grid-reinforced ECC panels combine the stiffness and flexural strength of grids with ECC’s strain-hardening behavior. Despite these advantages, the flexural performance of these panels can be compromised by premature debonding, which may occur before the design loads are reached. This study explores the grooving method (GM) in the form of externally-bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) to reduce such failures. Therefore, an optimal transverse groove arrangement for installing grid-reinforced ECC panels was adopted as a novel approach. First, direct tensile and four-point bending tests were conducted to study the flexural behavior, strain capacity, and tensile strength of both unreinforced and grid-reinforced ECC panels. Then, five reinforced concrete (RC) beams were constructed and tested under four-point bending to investigate the influence of ECC panels utilized for flexural retrofitting on the maximum load, failure mode, ductility, and energy dissipation. Polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were incorporated into the ECC panels, and two types of grids (glass and steel) were used for panel reinforcement. The results showed that the displacement and energy ductility indices of the strengthened beams were enhanced by an average of 79 % and 51 %, respectively, compared to the reference. Notably, beams retrofitted with PVA and PP ECC panels demonstrated average improvements in maximum load capacities of 27 % and 20 %, respectively. Consequently, PP ECC demonstrated performance similar to PVA ECC, suggesting that PP fibers could be a cost-effective alternative while maintaining enhanced flexural performance. The study also validated an analytical method for calculating the nominal moment capacity of the RC beams, demonstrating satisfactory performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108502"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning-driven optimization of air bubble curtain locations for controlling sea water intrusion","authors":"Ehsan Kahrizi , Chonoor Abdi Chooplou , Hamid Karimi , Parisa Tayebi , Seyed Ali Akbar Salehi Neyshabouri , Masoud Ghodsian","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea Water Intrusion (SWI) poses a significant threat to freshwater resources in coastal regions, and one promising mitigation strategy is the use of Air Bubble Curtains (ABCs), particularly through optimizing their discharge volume. This study conducted a total of 81 laboratory tests, varying flow rates, and salinity levels to evaluate the performance of ABCs in three distinct positions. Utilizing machine learning techniques—specifically Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Regression (SVR)—the research aims to identify the optimal locations for ABC installation (<em>Lˊ</em>) and their discharge (<em>Q<sub>a</sub></em>). The findings indicate that the XGBoost model outperforms the others in predicting the discharge of ABCs, achieving R² = 0.926, RMSE = 0.023, and MAE = 0.019. Utilizing XGBoost, sensitivity analysis revealed that the densimetric Froude number exerts the most significant influence on <em>Q<sub>a</sub></em>. Optimization results utilizing XGBoost show that when the importance weights of objectives (ω<em><sub>Qa</sub></em> and ω<em><sub>Lˊ</sub></em>) are equal, the optimal location ratio (<em>Lˊ</em>/Average freshwater depth) is approximately 0.52; however, as these weights change, the optimized location ratio varies accordingly. This flexible, weighted optimization approach allows decision-makers to tailor ABC positioning to their specific priorities, whether focusing on cost-effectiveness or water quality, ultimately enhancing the management of freshwater resources impacted by SWI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108436"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results in EngineeringPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108445
Ye Yang , Chao Pan , Jiahui Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Shiying Di , Qizhong Huang , Na Gao , Yufeng Hu , Zhichang Liu , Siqi Jiang
{"title":"A new model for solubility correlation and prediction in solid-supercritical fluid binary systems: From construction to evaluation","authors":"Ye Yang , Chao Pan , Jiahui Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Shiying Di , Qizhong Huang , Na Gao , Yufeng Hu , Zhichang Liu , Siqi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various supercritical solubility correlation models have been developed. This work first evaluated the Carnahan-Starling-van der Waals (CS-VDW) model and Chrastil model for correlating solid solubility in supercritical fluids using 29 binary systems (categorized into five groups: <em>n</em>-alkane–ethane, aromatic–ethane, aromatic–ethylene, <em>n</em>-alkane–CO<sub>2</sub>, aromatic–CO<sub>2</sub>), each with 1–4 isotherms. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) calculations showed both models had high deviations, with the CS-VDW model failing to correlate some systems. To address this, a new model was developed by applying the vitrification model to critical phenomena description and improving the Chrastil model. It overcomes the CS-VDW limitations, achieving the lowest correlation deviations (AARD: 8.52%, 6.62%, 6.04%, 5.08%, and 4.24% for the five groups) and excellent performance for high-solubility and bulky solutes. Additionally, the model achieved solubility predictions for some of the 29 systems through interpolation and extrapolation methods. Specifically, the predicted results for <em>n</em>-tritriacontane (AARD = 3.78%) and salicylic acid (AARD = 6.04%) in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> showed good agreement with experimental values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108445"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy optimization of a dish/stirling solar system for electricity generation","authors":"Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi , Germaine Mabou Ninkam , Francois Lanzetta , Flavian Emmanuel Sapnken , Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Bleck Fredi Kamto Pomou , René Tchinda","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stirling cycle machines are used in both motor and receiver cycles. The Stirling cycle engine has good potential for use due to advantages such as external combustion and fuel flexibility. This study presents a Dish/Stirling system to capture solar energy for electricity generation by optimizing its energy performance. The system comprises a solar collector to convert solar energy into heat, a Stirling engine to convert heat into mechanical energy, and an alternator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The Schmidt model with imperfect regeneration is used, taking into account work losses due to gas spring hysteresis. In addition, thermal losses from the solar collector are taken into account in this model. Numerical modeling was performed using MATLAB software. The impact of operational and design elements on the energy performance of the system are studied. Two objective functions were studied, namely solar electric power and solar electric energy efficiency. The results reveal that the present Dish/Stirling explores an improvement in solar electric energy efficiency of 7 % in particular in the absence of consideration of fluid friction losses. Optimum solar electric energy yield is 43.78 % at f = 18 Hz, a maximum electrical power is 10.85 kW at T<sub>E</sub>=400 K. Finally, the heat loss due to regenerator imperfections is greatest for the paraboloidal concentrator, with a value of 0.520 kW, while the smallest loss is that due to gas spring hysteresis, with a value of 0.045 kW. This system can be used for lighting in non-electrified areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108501"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results in EngineeringPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108953
Deyaa M.N. Mahmood , Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi , Oday Z. Jasim , Sura S. Al-Musawi
{"title":"Recent development and performance evaluation of integrated solar dryer and photovoltaic panel: A comprehensive review","authors":"Deyaa M.N. Mahmood , Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi , Oday Z. Jasim , Sura S. Al-Musawi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review paper examines the integration of solar dryers with photovoltaic (PV) panels, offering a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for drying agricultural products and preserving food quality. Various kinds of solar dryers including direct, indirect, and hybrid systems are examined while evaluating their performance when integrated to PV panels. PV panels can enhance the efficiency and reliability of solar dryers, especially in remote or off-grid areas, by providing a steady power source for auxiliary systems like fans, sensors, and controllers. Key factors influencing performance, such as temperature, airflow, and humidity, are analysed, alongside advancements in materials and technologies that improve dryer efficiency, comprising phase change materials (PCMs) and heat recovery systems. The results show that an increase in the number of PV collectors can improve thermal energy output from 2.63 to 7.70 kWh/day and electrical energy from 0.23 to 20 kWh/day. Also, the drying time can be reduced by 16.6% to 36.6% using the sun-tracking systems. Specifically, neem leaves assure the reduction of moisture content from 4.56% to 0.07% (dry basis). Finally, the thermal efficiency can be ranged between 43.75% to 54.86% as a consequence to using the hybrid solar dryers. Accordingly, the widespread deployment of such integrated solar technologies is a critical strategy for enhancing food security by drastically reducing post-harvest losses, while simultaneously advancing the objectives of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), particularly in off-grid agricultural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108953"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results in EngineeringPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108607
Asan G. A Muthalif , Mohammad Farhan , Issam Bahadur
{"title":"Design strategies and innovations in compliant mechanism-based energy harvesting: A comprehensive review","authors":"Asan G. A Muthalif , Mohammad Farhan , Issam Bahadur","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable, portable, and self-powered devices has accelerated research in vibration energy harvesting (VEH) technologies. VEH provides an efficient means of converting ambient mechanical vibrations into electrical energy, offering a viable power source for low-energy electronic systems, especially in remote or maintenance-free environments. Among various design paradigms, compliant mechanisms have emerged as a promising approach to enhance VEH performance. By exploiting structural flexibility, these mechanisms enable vibration amplification, motion rectification, and reduced mechanical losses, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency even under low-frequency excitations commonly encountered in ambient settings. This comprehensive review focuses on design strategies and innovations in compliant mechanism-based VEH systems. It systematically discusses recent developments across different transduction mechanisms, including piezoelectric, electromagnetic, triboelectric, and hybrid systems integrated with compliant structures. Key design concepts, including resonance tuning, multi-modal excitation, motion amplification, and structural optimization, are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the review identifies emerging trends in integrating compliant VEH designs with advanced applications, including structural health monitoring, wearable electronics, biomedical implants, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. By synthesizing recent innovations and highlighting design-oriented insights, this review provides a unified understanding of compliant mechanism-based VEH systems and outlines future directions for achieving higher efficiency, adaptability, and scalability in next-generation energy harvesters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108607"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results in EngineeringPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109340
Zhenhang Zhong, Jiacong Wang
{"title":"A comparative review of impact-induced failure mechanisms in monolithic and hybrid structures","authors":"Zhenhang Zhong, Jiacong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of high-strain-rate threats such as explosions, collisions, and high-velocity debris impacts, understanding the failure behavior of materials and structures under impact loading is critical for improving structural protection and service reliability. This review systematically classifies the typical failure mechanisms of materials under impact conditions into three categories based on dominant factors: wave-driven failure, inertia/localization-driven failure, and brittle fracture-dominated failure. Corresponding modes include spallation, interfacial delamination, adiabatic shear banding, dynamic voiding and ductile fracture, dynamic cleavage, intergranular fracture, and fragmentation. On this basis, the paper compares the failure behaviors of monolithic components and hybrid material systems. The former are primarily governed by intrinsic material properties, showing strong strain-rate sensitivity and relatively clear, single-mode failure paths. In contrast, composite or hybrid structures exhibit significantly more complex responses due to material heterogeneity and strong interfacial effects, often involving multiple damage mechanisms interacting simultaneously. This work provides theoretical insight for material selection and structural configuration in impact-resistant systems, laying a foundation for future studies on failure modeling and structural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 109340"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results in EngineeringPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109426
Rezvan Babagoli
{"title":"Bio-binders in sustainable asphalt technologies: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis","authors":"Rezvan Babagoli","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-binders have emerged as promising alternatives to petroleum-based asphalt binders in response to growing environmental concerns, resource depletion, and the need for low-carbon pavement infrastructure. Despite rapid growth in this field, a systematic understanding of its intellectual structure, global research dynamics, and emerging thematic convergence remains limited. To address this gap, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 1096 Scopus-indexed publications published between 1980 and 2025, employing VOSviewer to examine publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, co-authorship networks, co-citation patterns, and bibliographic coupling across documents, authors, institutions, and countries. The results reveal a clear evolution from early exploratory studies on bio-based binder extenders toward integrated performance–sustainability frameworks that combine bio-binders with recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), warm-mix asphalt (WMA), and advanced rheological and chemical characterization techniques. Bibliographic coupling analysis highlights a strong thematic convergence in recent research, structured around three interconnected fronts: 1- recycling-oriented sustainability and rejuvenation strategies, 2- enabling technologies such as nanomodification and energy-efficient production, and 3- emerging data-driven and predictive modeling approaches. The United States, China, and European countries dominate knowledge production and collaboration networks, while underrepresented regions remain weakly integrated despite high contextual relevance for bio-based materials. Critical research gaps persist in large-scale field validation, long-term durability assessment under diverse climatic conditions, and the harmonization of testing protocols within balanced mix design (BMD) frameworks. By systematically mapping the knowledge evolution, research hotspots, and structural convergence of contemporary bio-binder studies, this review provides a robust scientific foundation to guide future research, policy development, and industrial deployment of bio-binders in cleaner and more resilient asphalt infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 109426"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent insights into g-C3N4 based composites for methylene blue photocatalytic degradation","authors":"Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh , Kambiz Seyyedi , Ali Mehrizad , Roghayeh Majdan-Cegincara , Sona Jamshidi , Elnaz Ghasemi , Parvin Gharbani , Maryam Farbodi , Moosa Es'haghi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial dyes, particularly toxic organic compounds like Methylene Blue (MB), pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Among various water treatment strategies, photocatalysis has emerged as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly technique for degrading such pollutants. This process leverages light-responsive materials to initiate redox reactions that break down contaminants. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), a metal-free polymeric semiconductor, has garnered considerable attention due to its visible light absorption, chemical stability, and tunable electronic properties. Nevertheless, pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> suffers from inadequate light absorption capability, rapid charge recombination and low specific surface area, which restricts its photocatalytic efficiency. To overcome limitations, researchers have extensively explored the development of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> based composites. These composites integrate g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with other materials, such as metal, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, or other semiconductors, to create heterostructures with enhanced properties. This review summarizes the latest photocatalytic applications of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> based nanocomposites toward degradation of MB. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms involved and investigate the role of operational parameters. This review ends with kinetics perspective of photocatalytic degradation of MB via g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> based catalysts and several insights on the future avenues in investigating practical applications of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants via g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108595"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}