Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Paving the way for renewable energy and hydrogen adoption in Southern Africa","authors":"Phakamile Ndlovu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising population and rapid development in Africa have led to growing energy demands that exceed current supply, underscoring the urgent need for expanded and reliable energy access. As the global agenda shifts toward sustainability, integrating renewable energy sources presents a viable pathway to address these shortages. This study explores the energy landscape, policies, and transition strategies of five Southern African countries, using Multi-Level Perspective theory and energy systems analysis to examine the dynamics of their energy transitions. Findings highlight the significant potential of green hydrogen, solar, wind, and hydropower to supplement conventional fuels, especially in energy-intensive sectors, while reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate impacts. The application of Multi-Level Perspective theory underscores the importance of managing interactions between niche innovations, existing socio-technical regimes, and broader landscape pressures to support systemic transformation. The transition to renewable energy will also impact the future of coal mining, shaped by policy frameworks, resource distribution, technological developments, and market trends. However, several persistent barriers must be overcome these include limited access to energy, high capital costs, poverty, political and economic instability, regulatory inefficiencies, and gaps in technical expertise. Achieving a successful and inclusive energy transition in Southern Africa will require strategic planning, policy alignment, stakeholder engagement, and targeted support for vulnerable sectors. Achieving long-term regional energy security and economic resilience requires making sure the process is just, egalitarian, and sustainable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105730"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations and field applications of a tension estimation method for two linked suspenders using only local vibration measurements","authors":"Wen-Hwa Wu,&nbsp;Chien-Chou Chen,&nbsp;Meng-Xuan Wu,&nbsp;Gwolong Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional vibration-based tension estimation methods are primarily developed for individual stay cables or suspenders, with limited direct applicability to physically linked cable systems. This study advances a mode shape-enhanced approach using local vibration measurements to estimate the tensions of two suspenders connected by an intersection clamp. The methodology is validated through both laboratory experiments and field measurements, with particular emphasis on practical applicability. Laboratory tests on linked steel strands explore the influence of different clamp configurations and slenderness parameters. Results confirm that employing plastic spring clamps improves estimation accuracy for in-plane modes compared to that of C-clamps. Tension estimation errors are kept below 0.5% when the slenderness parameter exceeds 600, and rise to 2% to 3% as it approaches 250. To improve estimation robustness under field conditions, a regression-based mode screening algorithm is introduced. This algorithm refines the selection of vibration modes based on regression consistency rather than fixed thresholds. Field measurements conducted on the Shing-Tong Bridge demonstrate that the proposed method remains reliable despite complex spectral characteristics. For one linked suspender, the estimated tension errors are approximately −3% (out-of-plane) and 1% (in-plane). For another suspender with full sensor coverage, the error is held below 1%. The study demonstrates that accurate and stable tension estimation is achievable for physically linked suspender systems using a practical deployment scheme. The proposed framework offers a scalable solution for long-term monitoring of arch bridge suspender networks under real-world constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive optimisation of the economy and emissions of diesel engines: A full factorial design approach combining the Kriging method, NSGA III, and TOPSIS","authors":"Shichen Yang ,&nbsp;Mingjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Mingding Wan ,&nbsp;Zhengjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Ma ,&nbsp;Lizhong Shen ,&nbsp;Guisheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yuchen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a multi-objective optimisation method using a full factorial design and Kriging- non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) III- technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to reduce fuel and urea consumption and emissions. Experiments were carried out with main injection timing, injection pressure, and exhaust gas recirculation rate as factors. A Kriging model was established, and multi-objective optimisation was performed via NSGA III to obtain Pareto fronts. Results indicated that the Kriging-NSGA-III-TOPSIS method effectively reduced nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and reduce overall costs. The optimal solution was determined using TOPSIS, achieving a comprehensive score of 0.8225. A new metric, comprehensive economics (CE), combining brake-specific fuel and urea consumption, was introduced to assess diesel engine performance. The CE of the engine was decreased from 212.63 g/kWh to 211.71 g/kWh. BTE, in-cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, BSCU and original NOx increased by 0.95 %, 3.94 %, 5.74 %, 17.47 % and 25.15 % respectively. BSFC, tailpipe NOx, and original PM decreased by 0.96 %, 93.47 % and 15.24 % respectively. When β &lt; 1.5, the CE performance optimised diesel engine surpassed that of the original engine. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimising the economic performance and emissions of diesel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of clogging in porous media during artificial groundwater recharge: A review","authors":"Esosa Joy Onabote ,&nbsp;Olusegun K. Abass","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of clogging in porous media during artificial groundwater recharge (AGWR) is a critical factor influencing the long-term efficiency and sustainability of groundwater recharge systems. Clogging, which results from the accumulation of physical, chemical, and biological materials within the pore spaces of aquifers, can significantly reduce recharging rates and damage the system’s performance. This review explores the mechanisms and progression of clogging in porous media, focusing on key contributors such as the deposition of suspended particles, microbial biofilm formation, chemical precipitation, gas entrapment and other parameters. The interplay of hydrogeochemical conditions, including pH, ionic composition, and redox potential, further influences clogging dynamics. Furthermore, the review highlights the role of operational parameters such as injection rates and water quality, in exacerbating clogging. Advanced monitoring techniques, predictive modelling, and preventive strategies, including pre-treatment of recharge water and periodic maintenance are emphasized as essential tools to manage clogging evolution. By understanding the temporal and spatial progression of clogging, optimized AGWR systems can be designed to enhance recharge efficiency and ensure sustainable groundwater management. This study underscores the need for integrated approaches that address the multifaceted nature of clogging to improve the resilience and effectiveness of AGWR systems globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications","authors":"Sujatha Sadana ,&nbsp;Natarajan Rajamohan ,&nbsp;Rajasimman Manivasagan ,&nbsp;Nitin Raut ,&nbsp;Santhosh Paramasivam ,&nbsp;Gianluca Gatto ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105725","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and hence, some significant innovations are required to overcome these difficulties and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and he","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the floatability and leaching behavior of eucryptite and eucryptite-containing slag","authors":"Hao Qiu ,&nbsp;Haojie Li ,&nbsp;Michael Fischlschweiger ,&nbsp;Marko Ranneberg ,&nbsp;Torsten Graupner ,&nbsp;Sima Hellmers ,&nbsp;Arno Kwade ,&nbsp;Bengi Yagmurlu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the application of pyrometallurgical technology in the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, eucryptite has been found as an artificial mineral in various lithium-bearing slags. Unlike spodumene, eucryptite has a higher lithium content and does not require high temperature roasting prior to leaching. Therefore, the study of the floatability and leaching behavior of eucryptite and eucryptite-containing slags is crucial for optimizing the pyrometallurgical recycling route of spent lithium-ion batteries. In this study, fundamental research is carried out on micro-flotation, surface property analysis and leaching behaviour of the natural eucryptite minerals. In micro-flotation tests, eucryptite showed a significant difference in floatability when using sodium oleate and dodecylamine. The disparity in yield between different minerals when employing the same collector serves as the foundation for selective flotation separation. A greater disparity indicates a higher expected efficiency in separation. In the dodecylamine system, eucryptite showed a higher yield compared to the gangue mineral gehlenite, with a maximum yield difference of approximately 35 %. In addition, flotation tests on eucryptite-containing slag demonstrate the potential for separating eucryptite, γ-lithium aluminate and the gangue mineral gehlenite from slag by multi-stage flotation. In the leaching test, the leaching efficiency of lithium in the natural eucryptite mineral approaches 97 % and in the slag approaches 100 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifecycle management of urban renewal enabled by Internet of Things: Development, application, and challenges","authors":"Dianyou Yu ,&nbsp;Qian Tao ,&nbsp;Qiulin Liu ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Jin ,&nbsp;Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of global urbanization, cities are facing challenges such as aging infrastructure, environmental pollution, and resource waste. Traditional urban renewal methods are characterized by long cycles, high costs, and low efficiency, making them ill-suited to meet the complex governance needs of modern cities. As an emerging digital tool, Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides a novel solution for urban renewal through real-time data collection and analysis. This paper explores the potential applications of IoT technology throughout the entire lifecycle of urban renewal projects, analyzing. It analyzes IoT’s effectiveness in investment decision-making, risk assessment, urban planning, smart building design, and construction management, while also addressing the challenges it faces. In investment decision-making, IoT offers data on infrastructure health monitoring and resource usage, aiding in risk and feasibility assessments. During the planning phase, real-time data optimize urban function layouts, enhancing planning accuracy. In the design, construction, and operation phases, IoT improves building energy efficiency and construction management, ensuring quality and safety. However, the implementation of IoT technology also faces challenges, including technological integration and standardization, data security and privacy protection, investment cost control, and multi-modal data fusion. To address these challenges, it is essential to establish unified industry standards, promote data security and privacy policies, and conduct comprehensive cost-benefit analyses to ensure the sustainability of urban renewal projects. In the future, with the continuous advancement of AI, big data, and 5 G technologies, IoT will play an increasingly vital role in driving smart cities, sustainable development, and green construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinching simulation of the coconut crab considering the 3D shape and internal characteristics of the robust claw exoskeleton","authors":"Tadanobu Inoue ,&nbsp;Michinori Iwai","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pinching simulation of the coconut crab, <em>Birgus latro</em>, which has a pinching force 80 times its body mass, was performed to quantify the stress imposed on the claw fingers when such a large force is applied. Data on the three-dimensional (3D) shape and internal information (hard exocuticle layer and soft endocuticle layer) in the claw exoskeleton were obtained using microfocus X-ray computed tomography. From these data, a 3D model of the claw was reconstructed using image analysis software, and a pinching simulation was performed using finite element analysis. The pinching force (<em>R_f</em>) was calculated as the sum of the node reaction forces in the area that came into contact with the stainless rod while the movable finger rotated within the claw, and the von Mises stress, <em>σ_mises</em>, in the fixed and movable fingers during the rotation were shown. The results showed that the stress increased with the angle of rotation, and at an angle of rotation of 2.8° and a reaction force of 957 N, stresses of 1.8 GPa were generated in the fixed finger, 588 MPa in the movable finger, and 674 MPa in the rod. This scientific pinching simulation confirmed the exceptional strength of the coconut crab's claw.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of engine blade chipping fault based on vibration and stress testing fusion","authors":"Dali Chen ,&nbsp;Wenke Dai ,&nbsp;Lin Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blades of aero-engines are one of the most vulnerable parts. They typically operate in harsh working environments, which may lead to blade failure. To extend the lifespan of the blades and ensure the proper operation of the aero-engine, monitoring the response levels of the blades during operation can be highly beneficial. For the two chipping events of the splitter blade in a centrifugal impeller of an aero-engine, vibration characteristics of blade chipping were obtained by analyzing the total vibration, time-domain waveforms, shaft orbit, and frequency spectrum of the vibration signal at the moment of blade chipping. Then, the failure mechanism of the blades was systematically analysed through vibration characteristic analysis, failure analysis, and stress distributing analysis. The results indicate that the root cause of the blade chipping was high-cycle fatigue failure induced by resonance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105722"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nano-enhanced phase change materials and hybrid thermal energy storage systems: Paving the way for sustainable energy solutions","authors":"D. Christopher Selvam ,&nbsp;Yuvarajan Devarajan ,&nbsp;N. Beemkumar ,&nbsp;Deepak Bhanot ,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar Acharya ,&nbsp;Anu Sukhdev ,&nbsp;Trapty Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are integral for alleviating the fluctuations associated with renewable energy sources, thereby facilitating more dependable and efficient energy management strategies. Nevertheless, traditional TES systems are hindered by insufficient thermal conductivity, limited cycling stability, and challenges related to environmental sustainability. This work examines contemporary advancements in TES technologies, with a particular emphasis on nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCMs) and hybrid TES systems that amalgamate both sensible and latent heat storage methodologies. The integration of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and graphene, into PCMs has resulted in enhancements in thermal conductivity of up to 60%, while concurrently preserving stable performance across more than 2500 cycles. Hybrid TES systems attain energy densities that surpass 350 MJ/m³ and operational efficiencies that exceed 90%, thereby significantly eclipsing traditional storage methodologies. Furthermore, the application of environmentally benign materials, artificial intelligence-driven optimization frameworks, and waste-derived nano-additives bolsters the ecological and economic feasibility of these systems. This work encompasses advancements in nano-encapsulation technologies, machine learning (ML) optimization techniques, and circular economy paradigms to outline a comprehensive trajectory for scalable, low-carbon TES implementation. The incorporation of these innovations addresses crucial technical, economic, and environmental issues, thereby positioning TES systems as essential facilitators for applications including solar thermal power facilities, intelligent grids, and sustainable industrial energy management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105729"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}