Investigation of thermal transport enhancement and flow dynamics in biocompatible Au-Ag/blood casson hybrid nanofluid subject to magnetohydrodynamic force and surface slip on a vertical cone

Abstract

Heart pumps, artificial joints, and other implants involve moving parts where friction and heat generation can occur. Nanofluids could potentially act as coolants or lubricants to maintain optimal temperatures and reduce wear in these systems. This study investigates the flow and thermal behaviour of a Casson fluid containing hybrid ternary nanoparticles (gold and silver dispersed in blood) over a vertical cone surface under the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). The model incorporates complex physical effects including thermal and momentum slip, variable heat sources and sinks, and buoyancy-induced thermal convection. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed using similarity variables and solved numerically. Streamline patterns and Nusselt number variations are analysed for varying magnetic parameter M, nanoparticle volume fraction β, and slip conditions. The results reveal that the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles significantly enhances heat transfer, while magnetic effects tend to suppress fluid motion due to Lorentz force. Additionally, the presence of non-uniform heat generation and slip conditions alters the thermal boundary layer characteristics, making this model highly applicable to biomedical and industrial heat management systems. Certain diagnostic procedures or devices might involve fluid flow and temperature control, where understanding thermal behaviour of blood with nanoparticles could be important.