Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced microstructures, mechanical properties, and machinability of high performance ADC12/SiC composites fabricated through the integration of a master pellet feeding approach and ultrasonication-assisted stir casting","authors":"Kowit Ponhan ,&nbsp;Porawit Jiandon ,&nbsp;Komkrit Juntaracena ,&nbsp;Charinrat Potisawang ,&nbsp;Manwika Kongpuang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating ceramic particles into aluminum matrices poses significant challenges due to their limited wettability and high specific volume ratio. This research focused on developing ADC12/SiC aluminum composites with varying SiC concentrations (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 wt%) through an innovative fabrication process. Initially, ADC12/SiC master pellets containing a high concentration of homogenously dispersed 1-μm SiC particles were produced. Subsequently, these master pellets were introduced into the molten ADC12 alloy, followed by the dispersion of SiC particles via stir casting assisted by ultrasonication. The study assessed the impact of SiC weight fractions on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and machinability of the fabricated composites. The results revealed significant microstructural improvements and a more even distribution of SiC reinforcement inside the ADC12 matrix after the application of this innovative processing method. Increased SiC concentration led to notable refinement of α-aluminum grains and eutectic Si, as well as a more uniform dispersion of intermetallic phases. Additionally, a substantial increase in tensile properties and hardness was observed with the increment of SiC content. Particularly, the ADC12/3.5 wt%SiC composite exhibited a 46.73% increase in hardness and notable enhancements in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation, denoted as 201.7 MPa, 241.1 MPa, and 3.40%, respectively, as compared with those of the unreinforced ADC12 alloy. Moreover, the ADC12/SiC composites demonstrated reduced surface roughness compared to the unmodified ADC12 alloy, indicative of a superior surface finish. With the addition of a high SiC content, the chip morphology was observed to change from continuous to discontinuous following a turning operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011927/pdfft?md5=2f2d0cfc04f5046652953344a14a39ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011927-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAT formulation for entropy generated hybrid nanomaterial flow: Modified Cattaneo-Christov analysis","authors":"Sohail A. Khan ,&nbsp;Aneeta Razaq ,&nbsp;Tasawar Hayat","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat transport phenomena involve various applications and fields like engineering, industry, pharmaceutical and coolant in machining, manufacturing etc. In view of such applications hydromagnetic entropy optimized flow of hybrid nanoliquid is organized. Porous space is deliberated by Darcy-Forchheimer model. Cobalt ferrite (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) and ferric oxide (<span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) nanoparticles are employed in conventional liquid (ethylene glycol) to form hybrid nanoliquid. Thermal analysis is carried out through development of heat flux based upon Cattaneo-Christov theory. Ohmic heating, heat generation and dissipation effects are discussed. Entropy optimization is under consideration. Nonlinear problems are transformed into non-dimensional ordinary system through adequate transformations. Governed system by Newton built in-shooting scheme is computed. Entropy rate, liquid flow and thermal distribution for nanofluid (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) and hybrid nanoliquid (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) are explored. Numerical results of Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient versus influential variables for nanoliquid (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) and hybrid nanoliquid (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) are studied. Higher magnetic field intensify entropy rate and temperature whereas opposite trend witnessed for velocity. An intensification in surface drag force occurs for magnetic and solid volume fraction variables. Larger thermal relaxation time variable leads to rise Nusselt number and temperature. Higher approximation of porosity variable corresponds to increase entropy rate while reverse impact observed for liquid flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102895"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011502/pdfft?md5=c55e61a2fc7071eb76d0c4408ebe0e3a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011502-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sliding mode control based dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag compensation","authors":"Ashraf K. Abdelaal ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Shaheen ,&nbsp;Attia A. El-Fergany ,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Alqahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reliability and efficiency of electrical power systems are critical for modern industries, which increasingly rely on electric machines and devices. However, power electronic converters add non-linear demands to the electric power distribution systems (EPDS), that can cause power quality (PQ) problems, which could harm electric devices. As a result, EPDS are pointed for the most effective and economical techniques to enhance PQ. Therefore, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is employed to maintain voltage stability in modern EPDS. This study focuses on the application of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) in DVRs to protect against voltage dips, enhancing power system sustainability. It details the construction, operation, and control methods of DVRs, comparing the conventional PI-controller with SMC. The arctic puffin optimizer is utilized to get the optimum gains of the PI regulator, and at the same time, it is used to specify the optimal sliding surface required for SMC. A distribution system contains DVR is suggested and implemented utilizing Simulink/MATLAB. The simulation results of the DVR employing SMC and the conventional PI-controller demonstrate a marked improvement in voltage regulation and power quality. Specifically, the SMC-based DVR exhibited a reduction in voltage sag duration and magnitude by approximately 30 % compared to the PI-controller. Additionally, the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the load voltage was reduced by 25 %, indicating a significant enhancement in power quality. These improvements of the enhanced performance of the SMC-based DVR supports the seamless integration of renewable energy sources, which often introduce variability into the power grid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011915/pdfft?md5=f549c8541d3e77fef4a5a530226a8672&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011915-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste-based panels with cement grout as an infill material for composite railway sleepers","authors":"Mamun Abdullah ,&nbsp;Wahid Ferdous ,&nbsp;Sourish Banerjee ,&nbsp;Ali Mohammed ,&nbsp;Allan Manalo","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of high performance and eco-friendly composite railway sleepers at a reasonable price is a great challenge for composite railway sleeper manufacturers. The study proposed a railway sleeper concept based on high-performance fibre composites and low-cost waste-based materials to overcome this challenge. In this concept, thin hollow composite tubes are filled with high volume waste-based panels, which are bonded together with cement grout. This study examined the effect of cement grout, grout thickness, panel types, and surface preparation of the panels on the bond behaviour between the panels and cement grout. It also investigated the bending behaviour of manufactured railway sleepers by evaluating the effects of filling hollow tubes, the orientation of the infill panels, and the types of infill materials. Results indicate that the proposed concept has a high potential for development of high performance and eco-friendly composite railway sleepers at a competitive price due to the incorporation of high volume of waste materials. The results of the study will serve as a guide to the manufacture and design of composite railway sleepers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011794/pdfft?md5=6c765fd8b893e7dbf69c5eae4b514ff6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized with rotten-grape extract for use in supercapacitors and oxygen evolution devices","authors":"Asma Hayat ,&nbsp;Aneela Tahira ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Bhatti ,&nbsp;Irum Naz ,&nbsp;Aqeel Ahmed Shah ,&nbsp;Elmuez Dawi ,&nbsp;Matteo Tonezzer ,&nbsp;Ayman Nafady ,&nbsp;Riyadh H. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Zafar Hussain Ibupoto","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytochemicals in grape fruit juice have never been considered as potential sources of surface modification, shape modification, and energy storage. In our study, we demonstrate the hydrothermal synthesis of Co₃O₄ nanostructures from grape fruit extracts. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that Co₃O₄ nanostructures exhibit a cubic phase, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified several functional groups. An analysis of Co₃O₄ nanostructures using a scanning electron microscope revealed that uniformly distributed nanoparticles of Co₃O₄ were trapped in the carbon content of the spices during calcination. UV–visible spectrometer analysis of Co₃O₄ nanostructures reveals a wide range of optical bands. It was found that one mL of grape fruit juice provided the lowest optical band gap of 2.51 eV for Co₃O₄ nanostructures. Nanostructures of Co₃O₄ were studied under alkaline conditions for use in supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reactions. An aqueous solution containing 1 mL of assisted Co₃O₄ nanostructures exhibited an overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 M KOH. In addition, they showed a Tafel slope of 80 mV dec⁻¹. When dissolved in 3 M KOH electrolyte, grape fruit juice assisted Co₃O₄ nanostructures showed a specific capacitance of 867 F/g at 1.5 A/g in 3 M KOH aqueous solution. A specific capacitance retention percentage of about 101.1 % was achieved after 40000 galvanic charge-discharge cycles. It has been shown that the total photochemistry of biomass waste can be tuned and enhanced to enhance the functional properties of nanostructures derived from rotten grape fruit extract in order to develop functional materials with high performance for a wide range of applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011770/pdfft?md5=9171f15bcedcf161e052173623ae2804&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Cairns–Gurevich ion distribution on nonlinear wave propagation in negatively charged dusty plasma","authors":"N.S. Alharthi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of dust-acoustic (DA) nonlinear electrostatic waves in dusty plasma is crucial for understanding plasma behavior in both astrophysical and laboratory environments. Dusty plasmas, characterized by the presence of negatively charged dust particles, exhibit complex dynamics influenced by various factors, including nonthermal electron and ion populations following Cairns–Gurevich distributions. This study addresses the problem of understanding wave propagation under these specific conditions by employing a set of fluid hydrodynamic equations for dust fluid, alongside appropriate electron and Cairns–Gurevich ion distributions, to model the dynamics and propagation of DA nonlinear electrostatic waves under specific plasma conditions with negatively charged dust particles. We derived a nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation to model the evolution of these waves and further transformed it into the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation to analyze rogue wave formation and identify unstable and stable zones within the plasma. We focused our analysis on the effects of key parameters, such as the nonthermal index, magnetic field strength, negative dust temperature ratio, polarization force, and density ratio, on the behavior of dust-acoustic waves (DAWs). The results demonstrated that soliton waves, explosive waves, and kink waves exhibit distinct behaviors depending on these parameters and the spatial context of Earth's magnetosphere. These findings provide new insights compared to previous studies into the conditions under which these waveforms emerge and evolve, especially in magnetized environments where earlier models were less effective at accurately characterizing or predicting wave behavior. By applying two different analytical methods, a direct integration approach and a generalized Kudryashov method, we expanded our understanding of nonlinear wave phenomena in dusty plasmas. Our results not only advance theoretical knowledge but also have practical implications for interpreting space plasma observations and guiding experimental design in plasma physics research. This study thus contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of plasma dynamics, with potential applications to astrophysical observation and laboratory plasma experimentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102896"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011514/pdfft?md5=6e908387c0fab2e73beeb18568503158&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single elemental planar light concentrator using skewed V-groove optics","authors":"Animesh M. Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Adersh Asok","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Light concentrators are widely used to address the challenges of solar radiation's limited energy density. However, traditional light concentrators suffer from bulkiness, higher focal length, low solar acceptance, and cost factor due to the usage of large imaging optics elements. Waveguide-based planar light concentrators (PLC) have been engineered as a solution to these challenges. They work by collecting light at the incident face and channeling it to the lateral face of the waveguides. However, the existing PLC designs mostly consist of multiple optics elements, resulting in the need for precise positioning and point-to-point solar tracking. Addressing these complexities, a new design for waveguide-based PLC is presented. It features a simplified array of skewed V-grooves within an optical slab, essentially creating a single elemental optics. This novel skewed V-groove-based PLC (SV-PLC) introduces a low-concentration (i.e., &lt;10X geometric concentration (GC)) solution that offers high angular acceptance along one axis. The current study aims to establish the novel design concept, validate, optimize, and assess the design through the Ray-tracing simulation. Further, based on the simulation results, a functional prototype was successfully fabricated in PMMA using laser machining. The results of the optical characterization of the SV-PLC showed that the Optical Efficiency (OE) was approximately around half the theoretical OE. Angular-dependent ray trace results showed a lower OE drop (&lt;10 %) for incident angles less than 15°, and a maximum drop of 30 % (for a 10X GC design) for an incident angle of 23.5° (i.e., half the angle shift of the sun through seasons).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102923"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011782/pdfft?md5=79be434dd771e28776aed440e6b9a868&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011782-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency enhancement of photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator hybrid module by heat dissipating technique","authors":"Altaf Hussain Rajpar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir ,&nbsp;Ethar Yahya Salih ,&nbsp;Emad M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;A.M. Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploring substantial solar irradiation and recuperating excess heat generated during photovoltaic energy conversion is a critical issue. The efficiency of photovoltaic systems (PV) is significantly depend on the increased operating temperatures encountered by solar radiation. One conceivable option for improving the conversion of solar energy is to integrate a photovoltaic (PV) panel with a thermal-electric generator (TEG) material module to create a hybrid system. This study proposed a parallel PV-TEG hybrid module that effectively harvests the maximum solar energy spectrum while maximizing the use of heat generated by the thermoelectric material to improve the overall system efficiency. The proposed module consists of a photovoltaic unit, thermoelectric material module and passive cooling of fluid channels. The aim of this work was to develop a PV-TEG hybrid system and create an energy simulation model in a MATLAB environment to analyze the model's performance under various operational conditions by applying both theoretical and experimental approaches. Findings showed considerable concurrence. At 13:00, when the PV surface temperature was 54 °C, the PV efficiency reached to its lowest value of 12.0 %. Nevertheless, the highest TEG efficiency recorded was 4.7 % at 12:00 h. The efficiency of the TEG module was significantly affected by weather conditions, inlet cooling water temperature, and fluid flow rate in comparison to both the PV efficiency and the thermal efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102907"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011629/pdfft?md5=809a5daf070d1e1aca3f58ad21fa372b&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling of biochar and silicon for Phyto-management of Cd contaminated soil using Brachiaria mutica","authors":"Sana Ashraf ,&nbsp;Bareera Munir ,&nbsp;Sajid Rashid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Irshad ,&nbsp;Waheed Akram ,&nbsp;Sobia Ashraf ,&nbsp;Zahra Majid ,&nbsp;Zainab Irfan","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contamination of soil with heavy metals is a threatening global environmental problem. With increasing urbanization, it is very important to design economical and environment-friendly mitigation measures to have pollutant free soil. Phytoremediation is an advancing technique to extract pollutants from soil to achieve eco-sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the combined impact of biochar and silicon on growth attributes of <em>Brachiaria mutica</em> grown in cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. The biochar was prepared by co-pyrolysis of agricultural left-over biomass (rice husk, bamboo leaves and corn cob in a 1:1:1 ratio) and physio-chemical characters were studied by FTIR, SEM-EDX and proximate analysis. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the potency of biochar and silicon in lowering the Cd uptake by para grass grown under Cd spiked soil. Total 8 treatments were planned by taking 1 % and 2 % biochar with 0.01 % and 0.02 % silicon. The results have shown that treatment 8 (2 % biochar and 0.02 % silicon) exhibited maximum improvement in growth parameters such as shoot length by 2.64-fold and root length by 44.9 %, along with improving the antioxidant defense system of Para grass (CAT by 2-fold and POD by 56.4 %). Application of treatment 8 also decreased Cd concentration in the shoot and root by 48.8 % and 47.4 %, respectively. Treatment 8 was most effective in reducing CaCl₂ extractable Cd in soil up to 56.1 %. Based on this data, treatment 8 was most effectual in suppressing Cd stress. Biochar produced from other agricultural waste material along with Si as inorganic amendment can be used to immobilize other toxic heavy metals at field level. Heavy metals immobilization potential of Si and biochar can be tested by harvesting other grasses and oil seed crop species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011848/pdfft?md5=4149d8af3c64fe5cd79ecb9ac16ecc96&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011848-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the liquid droplet and flow pattern on centrifugal compressor blade fatigue in an industrial olefin unit via CFD","authors":"Maryam Delshah ,&nbsp;Ahmad Azari ,&nbsp;Rouhollah Fatehi ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ji ,&nbsp;Mohammad Akrami","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blade breaking is one of the main issues with industrial process compressors. In this regard, the goal of this study is to look into the potential for droplet formation to see how it can affect the impeller blade breaking (an alloy of 7175 aluminum) of an Olefin plant under the operating conditions (18300–34500 rpm, 286–307 <em>K</em>, 720–969 kPa). At first, the Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of states were used in simulating the turboexpander process and conducting a thermodynamic analysis to investigate the probability of liquid droplet production in the turboexpander. Then, using the Euler-Lagrange approach and the Realizable k-Ɛ turbulence models, the two-phase computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of liquid droplet motion was carried out. Process simulation reveals that the compressor is operated far from two-phase conditions, indicating a negligible probability of droplet formation. The results also show that the area of the blade that had already broken down experiences the highest pressure of the gas stream for each of the three examined rotor speeds and that the gradients of the pressure, stress, and temperature of the gas in the high-pressure (HP) compressor are significantly higher than those in the low-pressure (LP) compressor. Additionally, two-phase modeling of liquid droplets reveals that the presence of condensate has a negligible effect on increasing pressure, shear stress, and other factors affecting the blades. Therefore, under the steady-state conditions, the impact of liquid droplet condensation on the blades can be ignored, and by raising the mass percentage of liquid droplets, the shear stress, pressure, and coefficient of friction all slightly increase. Finally, it can be concluded that, under the operating conditions considered in this work, the droplet production is not the main cause of blade fatigue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 102870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024011253/pdfft?md5=4e1ba663d14f812a59b01a49de521379&pid=1-s2.0-S2590123024011253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}