Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Bioinspired porous hip implants design: A systematic review of mechanical testing and additive manufacturing","authors":"Nik Nur Ain Azrin Abdullah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imam Ammarullah ,&nbsp;Zatul Faqihah Mohd Salaha ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hanif Baharuddin ,&nbsp;Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hanif Ramlee","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In clinical practice, the current medical device for total hip arthroplasty is made of a solid structural material. Unfortunately, stress shielding is developed as a result of the materials used in solid hip implants being stiffer than the surrounding bone, which can lead to hip implant failure. Therefore, many researchers devised a complex lattice structure embedded in the implant in order to address the aforementioned issues. However, the developed implant must undergo mechanical testing to ensure the model's reliability, as this approach can simulate the physiological conditions of human daily activities such as standing, walking, running, and leaping. In addition, the manufacturing method of the implant plays a significant role in ensuring that the procedure does not inhibit the mechanical properties and bone ingrowth of the model, as the porous lattice structure is extremely difficult to manufacture. This article reviewed the most recent mechanical tests conducted on porous hip implants constructed using additive manufacturing (AM), highlighting the boundary conditions, loading conditions, advantages, and disadvantages of the testing and AM methods. In conclusion, the use of lattice structure as well as the implementation of additive manufacturing processes for porous hip implant development are promising methods in terms of mechanical properties (31–62% better than conventional). Nevertheless, further <em>in-vivo</em> study should be conducted to check the reliability of porous implant when treating femoral bone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite-element based-prediction of the cracking-torsional behavior of prestressed concrete beams with hollow cross-sections","authors":"Bara'a R. Alnemrawi,&nbsp;Rajai Z. Al-Rousan","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strengthening hollow structural members against torsional loading using the prestressed concrete (PC) method has received much attention in the last decades from scholars and designers in the field. This study adopted the method of nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) to fulfill the proposed objectives regarding the torsional PC beam behavior where a parametric study was done after the simulated models were validated against experimental work from the literature. The behavior was examined under the effect of the prestressing level <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mi>f</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and the ratio of the solid section <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> that proved to be significant factors and not previously introduced as combined factors. Twenty-eight PC beams with hollow cross-sections were simulated under the effect of pure tension loading where the behavior within the cracking region was successfully captured at small twisting angles. However, the NLFEA method enables the prediction of large-size specimens with different prestressing levels that vary from medium to high with different concrete compressive strengths. The cracking torque values <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> were compared between the simulated and theoretically calculated ones. A new expression was proposed for predicting the ultimate and cracking torsional strengths <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>u</mi></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>&amp;</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for hollow prestressed beams with 0.998 and 0.012 average and standard deviation values that reveal high predictability and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban landscape accessibility evaluation model based on GIS and spatial analysis","authors":"Hui Du","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the efficiency of urban landscape accessibility analysis, this paper takes urban landscape as the research object, takes GIS remote sensing images as the basic data source, and explores the method of land use information classification based on GIS and spatial analysis. Moreover, this paper studies the classification and evaluation of green space accessibility, and then analyzes the landscape pattern in the study area by applying the principle of landscape ecology, and summarizes the influence of urban landscape spatial pattern on green space accessibility. The reliability of this model is verified by experimental analysis. The model presented in this article performs well in terms of urban landscape integration, landscape area synergy, and landscape area efficiency analysis, with a user satisfaction rate of 92.31, far higher than other existing models. Therefore, the model proposed in this paper can be further verified through actual cases in the follow-up research, so as to improve the theoretical reference for the follow-up related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of temperature and freeze-thaw effects on high-swelling and low-swelling soils stabilized with xanthan gum","authors":"Sahand Fateh ,&nbsp;Yasaman Mansourkiaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Shalchian ,&nbsp;Mahyar Arabani ,&nbsp;Meghdad Payan ,&nbsp;Payam Zanganeh Ranjbar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay soils necessitate enhancement owing to their inadequate strength characteristics in geoengineering. The utilization of biopolymers is a new bio-stabilization technique for clayey soils with no environmental disadvantages associated with traditional additives. The present research aims to evaluate the performance of varying concentrations of xanthan gum biopolymer (0.5, 1, and 2 %) concerning the strength and durability characteristics of two types of soil: kaolinite and bentonite, over varied curing time. For this purpose, tests were performed on compaction, compressive strength, free swelling, freezing and thawing, temperature effects, and microstructure to analyze the interaction between soil particles and biopolymer in both soils. The results indicated that the 1 % xanthan gum sample with a 28-day curing period had superior performance in both soil types, with a compressive strength enhancement of 457 % for kaolinite and 274 % for bentonite. The swelling test indicated that the optimal incorporation of biopolymer into kaolinite soil augmented swelling by 6 %, whereas the swelling of bentonite diminished up to 88 %. The freeze-thaw test demonstrated that as the number of cycles increased, the strength of the soil diminished; nevertheless, bentonite had a lesser decline in strength relative to kaolinite. Analysis of varying temperatures (40–70–100) revealed that optimal resistance performance in both soils occurs at 70 °C; however, the temperature's influence on the strength of stabilized bentonite is more pronounced. According to the findings, the addition of xanthan gum improves soil strength, hence increasing the feasibility of this stabilizer in practical applications such as landfills, embankments, and slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The variation characteristics of axial force of bolts under alternating temperature","authors":"Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Lihuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yaning Ren ,&nbsp;Fenghua Huang ,&nbsp;Chongkai Fan ,&nbsp;Hao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focus on the variation characteristics of axial force of bolts under alternating temperature. The temperature distribution characteristics of various regions in China were considered, and a typical alternating temperature load (0∼25 °C) was selected. Eight sets of bolt connections were designed with different bolt strength grades, specifications and initial torques, and the experimental study on the variation characteristics of bolt axial force under alternating temperature was conducted. From the perspective of the difference in linear expansion coefficients between bolts and connecting plates, the variation mechanism of bolt axial force under alternating temperature is Proposed. Finally, a corresponding calculation model for the variation of bolt axial force and its evaluation method for axial force relaxation are constructed, and the degree of attenuation of axial force of transmission tower bolts under alternating temperature during their service life is evaluated. The results show that the effect of alternating temperature causes the axial force of the connecting bolts to change interactively, and the axial force of the bolts exhibits a continuous attenuation characteristic as the alternating cycle increases. The greater the initial torques of the bolt and the larger the bolt size, the greater the impact of the alternating temperature on the bolt axial force. Under alternating temperatures, the axial force of transmission tower bolts can decay by up to 3.46 % within the first month and 4.58 % after three months. The greater the alternating temperature difference, the more significant the drop in axial force. The attenuation of bolt axial force under alternating temperature is significantly greater than that under constant temperature. The research results can provide some reference for the operations and maintenance of transmission towers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative lightweight materials using sugarcane ash and neem fiber epoxy matrix composite for sustainable applications","authors":"Thandavamoorthy Raja","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel eco-friendly composite material derived from agricultural waste, uniquely combining neem fiber and sugarcane ash (SCA) within an epoxy matrix for lightweight applications. While both neem fiber and SCA have been explored individually in bio-based composites, their specific integration in this formulation offers distinct advantages. Neem fiber contributes natural strength and antimicrobial properties, while SCA enhances thermal stability, creating a composite that is both durable and sustainable. The optimized sample (12 gs of SCA, labelled L8) exhibited impressive mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 49.14 MPa and flexural strength of 49.91 MPa, highlighting its robust resilience. Thermogravimetric Analysis revealed a degradation onset at 170 °C and a residual mass of 15 % at 400 °C, underscoring the material's excellent thermal stability, with a Heat Deflection Temperature of 78 °C suitable for moderate thermal applications. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy, with L8 showing a 23 mm and 21 mm inhibition zone against Klebsiella proteus, and <em>E.coli</em> comparable to the 27 mm zone produced by streptomycin. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the uniform dispersion of SCA particles, ensuring strong interfacial bonding. The combination of neem fiber and SCA in this composite offers a unique balance of strength, thermal resistance, and antimicrobial properties, making it an attractive, sustainable alternative for industries such as automotive, packaging, and healthcare. By utilizing agricultural waste, this composite not only reduces environmental impact but also provides a durable, antimicrobial solution for applications requiring lightweight, sustainable materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of incompressible two-phase flows with phase change process in porous media","authors":"Aroua Ghedira ,&nbsp;Zied Lataoui ,&nbsp;Adel M. Benselama ,&nbsp;Yves Bertin ,&nbsp;Abdelmajid Jemni","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new OpenFOAM solver is developed to simulate fluid flow in porous media with phase-change. The solver is based on equations describing the two-phase flow. The effects of porous media are expressly handled within the framework of the Representative Elementary Volume analysis. For the moving interface experiencing phase-change, the volume-averaged approach is used mainly for reasons of computational efficiency. Among enhancements, the development of the volume-averaged porous flow model adds more porous resistance factors to the momentum equation. The new solver is validated with several test cases. A great agreement is observed between the current study results and the analytical solutions and/or results of previous well documented studies. Numerical simulation of transpiration cooling in porous media proves the efficiency of the new solver in more complex applications on heat and mass transfer dynamics in porous media. The obtained results showed good agreement with previous experimental investigation data (relative errors &lt; 6.5 %). The effect of mass flow rate on cooling efficiency is also discussed.</div><div>The present approach can be applied thoroughly, for design guidance purposes, to other problems involving more physical phenomena (combustion, chemical reactors, etc.) and complex forms of force (electrical, magnetic, inertial, etc.).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance and optimum concentration of different nanofluids in immersion cooling in data center servers","authors":"Fahad S. Alkasmoul ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Almogbel ,&nbsp;Muhammad W. Shahzad ,&nbsp;Amer J. Al-damook","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of nanofluids in heat transfer systems is widely recognized for enhancing thermal efficiency compared to conventional fluids, representing a pivotal advancement in energy-saving strategies across a range of commercial applications. However, the selection of nanofluid concentration often lacks a systematic approach, with decisions made independently of specific application requirements, type of nanofluid, cost considerations, and economic factors such as energy cost and system lifetime. This article explores the optimization of nanoparticle concentrations in the immersion cooling system of a data center server, utilizing three distinct nanofluids (Al₂O₃-water, TiO₂-water, and CuO-water). The Iceotope immersion cooling designs were examined across various flow conditions. The investigation involved calculating heat transfer rates and pressure drops through the server by simulating a model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Finite Element (FE), and COMSOL Multiphysics® Modeling software for varying volume fractions of nanoparticles. The study proposes a novel methodology to assess potential economic trade-offs associated with nanofluid utilization in immersed liquid-cooled data centers. This approach aims to identify the lowest overall cost within the data center and the maximum viable volume fraction of a nanofluid. Results indicate that Al2O3-water nanofluid exhibits superior thermal efficiency due to its higher thermal conductivity, while TiO₂-water and CuO-water are evaluated for comparative performance. However, it also presents challenges, such as higher viscosity leading to increased pressure drop and pumping costs. Economic considerations reveal that, despite its thermal advantages, the most cost-effective fluid is the conventional fluid (pure water). The server incurs a cost of $706.15. These findings underscore the importance of considering both thermal performance and economic factors when determining the optimal nanofluid concentration for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimizing of pneumatic soft robotic hands using wave-shaped contour actuator","authors":"Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammed A.H. Ali ,&nbsp;Zhenya Wang ,&nbsp;Junlong Chen ,&nbsp;Montaser N.A. Ramadan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alkhedher","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft robotic hands have gained significant attention in recent years due to their simplicity in control, ease of fabrication, and remarkable compliance. However, traditional designs often suffer from limited contact area and insufficient grasping force. In this study, we propose a novel four-finger pneumatic soft robotic hand with wave-shaped contour actuators to address these issues. Inspired by natural grasping mechanisms, the proposed design integrates multiple actuation modes to enhance both adaptability and reliability. An analytical model based on constant curvature bending theory and the Yeoh constitutive model is developed to guide the design and predict the performance of the actuators. The model is validated through extensive Abaqus finite element simulations, demonstrating excellent agreement with experimental results. Our findings confirm that the actuators achieve consistent and reliable bending motion with optimal structural parameters. Experimental evaluation of the soft robotic hand includes bending trajectory analysis and grasping tests with various irregular objects. The results show that the actuators provide a maximum bending angle of 180° under 26 kPa pressure and maintain stable grasps for objects of different shapes and sizes. The soft robotic hand demonstrates superior grasping adaptability and reliability due to its high compliance and optimized design. This study paves the way for practical applications in industrial automation, medical devices, and service robotics, highlighting the potential of wave-shaped contour actuators in enhancing the functionality of soft robotic hands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping of bistable sheets by isometric surface bonding","authors":"Jong-Gu Lee ,&nbsp;Shinhyun Kim ,&nbsp;Junghyun Ryu ,&nbsp;Hyeok Lee ,&nbsp;Hyunsu Kim ,&nbsp;Seongsoo Kim ,&nbsp;Yonghong kim ,&nbsp;Sung-Won Lee ,&nbsp;Min-cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Yong Whan Choi ,&nbsp;Maenghyo Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical shape-changing bistable sheets exhibit extreme and rapid morphing behavior (snap-through) from one stable developable surface to another. Despite this attractive morphing mechanism, its development and applications are limited owing to its limitation in that only specific morphologies are possible. In this study, we investigated a method in shaping bistable sheets with non-developable surfaces by harnessing the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the plate and shell. As a result, bi-stability of saddle-shaped sheets was achieved by employing two plane-symmetric orthotropic laminae. The laminated sheet's shape adaptation was examined based on Gauss's Theorema Egregium and the energy barrier during shape conversion estimated using classical plate theory. In order to verify the design method, the equilibrium configuration and energy level of the laminated thin plate are analyzed by using Rayleigh-Ritz method analytically (MATLAB, computer programing software) and Finite Element Method numerically (ABAQUS, commercial finite element analysis software). The considered orthotropic sheets are fabricated using 3D printer, verified the theoretically analyzed bi-stable sheet. Eventually, we developed a fundamental approach to addressing the limitations of bistable structures, making a significant contribution to research in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}