Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Single-layer dual-band frequency selective surface for coverage-enhancing applications in millimeter-wave 5G","authors":"Mousa Abdollahvand ,&nbsp;Eduardo Martinez-de-Rioja ,&nbsp;Kanishka Katoch ,&nbsp;Ana Arboleya ,&nbsp;Celia Fontá","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a dual-band Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) for improving 5G communications at millimeter-wave bands. The FSS is based on a single-layer configuration which supports dual polarization, with a unit-cell period of 4 mm x 4 mm. The structure exhibits two reflection bands at 28 GHz and 39 GHz. An equivalent circuit model has been developed for the proposed FSS, showing good agreement with full-wave electromagnetic simulations. A 200 mm x 200 mm prototype of the FSS, comprising an array of 50 × 50 unit-cells has been fabricated and tested, and the measured transmission and reflection coefficients agree well with the simulations. Moreover, the frequency response of the FSS shows good stability for incidence angles up to 40°. The proposed single-layer dual-band FSS has applications in the design of smart reflecting surfaces to enhance wireless communications in 5G networks operating at the 28 and 39 GHz bands, either alone or in combination with metasurface or reflectarray elements that could be placed on its upper side.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for simulating dynamic facades to analysing, and optimizing daylight and visual comfort in office buildings","authors":"Mehran Shahmoradi ,&nbsp;Mansour Yeganeh","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visual comfort analysis for a dynamic facade is complicated and requires more time and resources to find the shading device's optimum position for every hour of the year. This paper intends to show an optimization method to reach visual comfort for the entire year for single office rooms with a nearly fully glazed south side covered by a dynamic shading device. First, a genetic algorithm optimized 63 h of a year separately. Then, the shading device's optimum (state of a shading device that leads to gaining high indoor illumination while controlling glare level) position for all sample hours was collected. Mathematica software gets these results of sample hours data as inputs and operates the data fitting process on them. Finally, it gives 12 two-variable functions (surface function) based on the sun's position parameters (x: azimuth, y: altitude) to shading device indices; then, these can predict the entire year's ideal position for the shading device. Formulas are based on format; to find the optimum position of louvers, we just put the sun's position parameters into functions. For example, on the 21st of June, in hours 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00 by this method, we achieved UDI respectively: 90.714 - 60.714 - 89.286 while DGP was acceptable without any need for optimization process but with the GA method after numerous simulations achieve respectively to UDI: 91.033 - 64.402 - 91.848. This method precasts the ideal value for shading device indices for 94 % of a year's hours and omits the need for a simulation or optimization process for every single hour of a year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105608"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced phenolic foam adsorbents for CO2 capture with high capacity and selectivity via tuning the cellular structure","authors":"Rezvaneh Eshraghi,&nbsp;Kamyar Naderi,&nbsp;Ahad Ghaemi,&nbsp;Mohammad Fasihi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the CO₂ adsorption capabilities of phenolic polymer foam (PHF) synthesized using varying concentrations of n-pentane as a blowing agent. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, demonstrated that an optimal concentration of the blowing agent enhances micro-mesoporosity, surface area, and cell structure, resulting in a superior CO₂ adsorption capacity of 7.34 mmol/g at 298 K and 9 bar. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization validated these findings, showing excellent concordance between predicted and experimental results. The adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich isotherm and fractional-order kinetic models, indicating favorable multilayer adsorption characterized by both physical and chemical interactions. Thermodynamic analysis revealed an exothermic and associative adsorption process. The foam, including 2 phr blowing agent, displayed high selectivity for CO₂ over N₂, as determined by Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST), with isosteric heat of adsorption indicating strong interactions between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Recyclability tests showed robust performance, with only an 11% reduction in capacity, underscoring its potential for industrial CO₂ adsorption. This study emphasizes the critical importance of blowing agent concentration in optimizing PHF’s cellular architecture and surface chemistry for effective CO₂ capture, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue behavior of additively manufactured meta-biomaterials for biomedical applications: A review","authors":"Jaimon Dennis Quadros ,&nbsp;Rahul Murikkoli ,&nbsp;Yakub Iqbal Mogul ,&nbsp;Ma Mohin ,&nbsp;Abdul Aabid ,&nbsp;Muneer Baig ,&nbsp;Omar Shabbir Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metamaterials are engineered materials with unique properties arising from their structure rather than composition, featuring repeating patterns smaller than the wavelengths they affect. Meta-biomaterials are an important subset of metamaterials and have drawn increasing interest in recent times due to their favorable mechanical properties, biological properties and functional integrity. These exceptional properties have enabled their suitability for diverse biomedical applications, including orthopedic/dental implants, tissue engineering, and medical devices. These materials are generally subjected to cyclic musculoskeletal loads after implantation, making the study of their fatigue behavior critical for ensuring long-term reliability. The current review, therefore, focuses on the fatigue behavior of meta-biomaterials that are manufactured using different additive manufacturing techniques. Various factors like topological design, base material/alloy selection, type of fatigue loading, manufacturing and secondary treatment processes, etc., are carefully analysed, and their influence on fatigue performance is studied. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of additively manufactured meta-biomaterials with different geometries, structures, and architectures are also analyzed. Thus, this comprehensive review not only elucidates the underlying fatigue mechanisms, but also establishes a framework for the rational design of next-generation of biomedical implants with enhanced durability and functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport processes and ground temperature affected by solar irradiation through the troposphere layer","authors":"Peng-Sheng Wei,&nbsp;Wei-Cin Chen,&nbsp;Te-Chuan Ting,&nbsp;Chieh Lee,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Tsai,&nbsp;Yin-Chih Hsieh,&nbsp;Hsuan-Han Chiu,&nbsp;David Su","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study predicts transport phenomena influenced by solar irradiation across the troposphere. The imbalance between solar irradiation and long-wavelength radiation emitted by the Earth's surface contributes to global warming and the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves that impact human life. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) announces that global warming by approximately 1 % over recent decades is attributed to carbon dioxide, among other uncertain factors. The present model, building on previous work, solves the transient one-dimensional energy equation, including changes in enthalpy and the absorption or dissipation of conduction and radiation. Radiation is decomposed into collimated solar radiation, influenced by altitude, longitude, and latitude; and diffuse radiation, determined by different absorption bands of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, the energy equation is solved by incorporating Beer’s law for collimated irradiation and the P1 approximation for diffuse long-wavelength radiation. The results indicate that global warming can result from any factor that affects solar irradiation. The energy balance at the ground surface is also proposed to demonstrate the significant role of solar irradiation rather than greenhouse gases in global warming. The extinction coefficient of solar irradiation increases tropospheric temperature above 50 m due to higher absorption, while it lowers the temperature in the lower troposphere due to reduced collimated radiation. Temporal changes in tropospheric temperature near the ground surface are governed by the absorption or dissipation of heat through conduction and diffuse radiation, influenced by distinct absorption bands of water vapor and carbon dioxide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of TPU/C and PVDF/graphene composites with adjustable mechanical and conductive properties for sensor applications","authors":"Ana C. Pinho,&nbsp;Ana P. Piedade","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers are usually not electrical conductors, but polymer-based composites reinforced with conductive materials can overcome this limitation, opening new possibilities in producing innovative and useful components. Their application in industry has been greatly enhanced by their applications in smart sensors, such as optical sensors, chemical sensors and biosensors. Currently, additive manufacturing technologies are used to produce different polymeric-based components. However, the processing parameters may alter the properties of the materials, especially if the processing technology involves temperature, such as in the case of fused filament fabrication. The present work investigated two filaments FilaFlex®, a composite made of polyurethane reinforced with carbon fibres, and Koltron G1®, a composite with a matrix of poly(vinyl difluoride) and graphene reinforcement. The pre- and post-printed composites were characterized regarding their chemical structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The mechanical performance and electric conductive properties were also simultaneously evaluated during static, dynamic and cyclic tensile tests. The results showed that the conductivity decreases after printing, as FilaFlex® and Koltron G1® filaments present electrical conductivity of 33 and 30 μS⋅mm^-1, respectively, while their corresponding printed specimens present electrical conductivity of 11 (FilaFlex®) and 15 μS⋅mm^-1 (Koltron G1®). The dynamic tensile strength tests performed on both filaments and 3D-printed specimens showed that overall, FilaFlex® displayed greater electrical stability and lower electrical resistance when compared with Koltron G1®. Tensile cyclic tests exhibited a response pattern for the electrical resistance of the FilaFlex® as a function of the load-unload cycle with a very constant variation, between maximal and minimum values, of around 20 Ω. Koltron G1® presented an entirely different profile with variations of 2000 Ω occurring during the cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the very few works where the mechanical and conductive properties were simultaneously evaluated during static, dynamic and cyclic tensile tests. This aspect is a significant innovation of the study, which aims to evaluate the suitability of these CPC and processing technology for the production of customisable sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105760"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of elastic-plastic properties of hydride precipitate in uranium matrix by nanoindentation and finite element analysis","authors":"Ruiwen Li,&nbsp;Wenliang Xu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The susceptibility of uranium to hydrogen corrosion results in a decrease in its mechanical and fracture properties which are significant for engineering design and evaluation. In addition to the incorporation of hydrogen in solid solution, hydrogen also leads to uranium hydride precipitation. In this work, uranium hydride is prepared by the reaction of pure hydrogen and uranium at high temperatures, and its morphology and phase structure are characterized. The elastic-plastic properties of hydride precipitate in uranium matrix are studied by nanoindentation and finite element analysis. The stress-strain curve of uranium hydride was obtained for first time by combining depth-sensing indentation with finite element simulations. The accuracy of inversion of stress-strain curves from nanoindentation curves is discussed and compared with the results of similar methods for similar substances (zirconium hydride), showing that the results are reasonable. The anisotropy of Young's modulus of uranium hydride is found to be quite small. The elastic properties of Uranium hydride are discussed and compared with those calculated from density functional theory. The mechanical properties of uranium hydride obtained in this work could provide some critical insights into understanding the growth behavior of hydride and hydrogen embrittlement of uranium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105753"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gate-all-around tree-shaped NSFET-based biosensor: A high-sensitivity approach for label-free biomolecule detection","authors":"U. Gowthami ,&nbsp;M. Durga Prakash ,&nbsp;B.V.V. Satyanarayana ,&nbsp;G. Prasanna Kumar ,&nbsp;Asisa Kumar Panigrahy ,&nbsp;Amit Krishna Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes and investigates a label-free dielectrically modulated biosensor employing a Gate All Around Tree-Shaped Nanosheet Field Effect Transistor (GAA-TS-NSFET). Excellent sensitivity to the biomolecules which are charged and neutral are demonstrated by the electrical properties of the suggested biosensor when evaluated under various biomolecule influences. A thorough sensitivity assessment is used to assess the sensing capabilities of the biosensors with various channel configurations. As indicators of biosensor sensitivity variation, we examine the subthreshold swing (SS), threshold voltage (Vth), and current switching ratio (<em>I_on/I_off</em>). According to the findings, an additional channel acts as an interbridge, allowing the tree-shaped biosensor to attain the best sensitivity compared to biosensors based on NSFETs. Additionally, the article investigates how various spacer materials impact sensitivity. We also run several scenarios to see how different fill percentages affect the proposed biosensor’s sensitivity. The amount of biomolecules present determines its sensitivity. Finally, the suggested biosensor's sensitivity is compared to other notable biosensing application efforts in a status map. The proposed GAA-TS-NSFET-based biosensor outperforms the previous works concerning <em>Ion</em>/<em>Ioff</em> sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105754"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bidirectional fiber incorporation on tensile properties and drilling parameter optimization of cellulose bio fibers and glass fiber thermoset composites","authors":"R. Meenakshi Reddy ,&nbsp;A. Thanikasalam ,&nbsp;V. Mohanavel ,&nbsp;P․C Santhosh Kumar ,&nbsp;V. Chanakya Varma ,&nbsp;Sathish Kannan ,&nbsp;K. Selvakumar ,&nbsp;Ram Subbiah ,&nbsp;Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics and composite materials have emerged as the main materials to use in the production of economically viable composite components during the past thirty years. The penetration of these modern materials has steadily increased in volume and usage, made possible by the reinforcing of more recent green natural fibers with polymer resin matrix materials. Thus, the focus of this study is on the impact of combining bidirectional Areca, Glass, and Pineapple Leaf (PALF) fibers with epoxy matrix. An analysis was conducted on the tensile characteristics and the drilling characterization. The fiber composition was determined to be the parameter that had the biggest impact on the quality of the drilled hole for natural fiber-reinforced composites using the Taguchi experimental design, which was employed in this work to optimize the process parameters. The composites produced in this study shown good agreement with the previous natural fiber reinforced polymer composites in terms of their tensile properties. The findings demonstrated the potential application of the composites described in this research to automotive interior and exterior components, including dashboards, engine bonnets, door panels, roof covers, and pumps, among others. These advantages include reduced weight, improved mechanical qualities, enhanced thermal stability, and good compatibility between fiber and matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GBAS-based high-precision automatic landing guidance for civil aircraft using improved active disturbance rejection control","authors":"Shaobo Zhai,&nbsp;Guangwen Li,&nbsp;Junmin Cheng,&nbsp;Mingshan Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GBAS landing system (GLS) serves as an effective means to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of approach and landing, and it is recognized as an essential function for modern and future advanced civil aircraft onboard avionics systems. This article presents a high-precision three-dimensional GLS approach guidance algorithm. Specifically, a spatial geometric relationship-based guidance deviation calculation method and a distance correction strategy-based guidance commands generation method are developed. Subsequently, an improved active disturbance rejection control method using the sine-function is proposed to design the robust attitude controller, ensuring precise tracking of the guidance commands. Through simulations, the algorithms are verified using Monte Carlo method, and the results showcase that the proposed algorithms can provide gratifying approach and guidance capability even with wind interference, sensor noise, and model parameter uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105716"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}