Hybrid energy platforms: A review of perovskite solar cells coupled with graphene supercapacitors

The integration of photovoltaic and energy storage components has garnered significant scientific and technological interest, driven by the growing demand for green energy and the trend toward miniaturization and multi-functionalization in the electronics industry. This study explores the novel integration of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with solid-state supercapacitors to create efficient power packs for solar energy harvesting and storage. The hybrid system achieves simultaneous photoelectric conversion and energy storage by combining PSCs with high-energy-density graphene-based supercapacitors using common carbon electrodes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles, recent advancements, and key challenges in developing these integrated systems. It critically evaluates material properties, device architectures, and performance metrics, highlighting the potential of such hybrid systems for sustainable energy solutions. Additionally, the study outlines future research directions aimed at improving efficiency, scalability, and practical applications of perovskite-supercapacitor power packs. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to advance renewable energy technologies and meet the increasing demand for compact, multifunctional energy systems.