Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Low-dimensional representation and prediction of supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow field based on CAE-BiLSTM","authors":"Liangliang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhixun Xia,&nbsp;Likun Ma,&nbsp;Yunchao Feng,&nbsp;Binbin Chen,&nbsp;Pengnian Yang,&nbsp;Luxi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic monitoring and rapid prediction of supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow fields are critical for the optimal design and flow control of solid rocket scramjets. This study proposes a hybrid reduced-order model (ROM) based on convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network (CAE-BiLSTM) to achieve efficient prediction of solid particle clusters’ distribution in such flow fields. High-dimensional flow field data (102,400 dimensions) were compressed into a low-dimensional latent space (128 dimensions, compression ratio 0.125 %) using CAE, which outperformed the traditional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in low-dimensional representation and exhibited a 3 % higher mean structural similarity index (SSIM) in flow field reconstruction. POD analysis revealed that the flow field is dominated by low-order modes, with the first mode contributing 21.1 % of the total energy, while the cumulative energy of the first 50 modes accounted for 61 %. The CAE-BiLSTM model effectively predicted the macroscopic distribution of solid particle clusters within the engine combustor flow field during short-term evolution, achieving a mean SSIM of 0.8814 for single-step prediction and 0.8545 for five-step recursive prediction, capturing the high-dimensional spatiotemporal dynamics of the flow field. However, long-term prediction accuracy deteriorated due to error accumulation. This study provides a novel approach for rapid flow field prediction, demonstrating potential applications in engine design and flow control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107165"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus thuringiensis and its secondary metabolites; New generation bioinsecticides, current trends and future perspectives","authors":"Ugur Azizoglu ,&nbsp;Leandris Argentel-Martínez ,&nbsp;Ofelda Peñuelas-Rubio ,&nbsp;Estibaliz Sansinenea ,&nbsp;Jae-Ho Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable pest control solutions has propelled the development of biologically derived nanobiopesticides, with <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (<em>Bt</em>)-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) emerging as a promising innovation. Silver NPs are silver oxide dominated. This review addresses the green synthesis of Ag₂ONPs utilizing <em>Bt</em> and its chitinase enzyme. Here we are emphasizing the unique physicochemical and bioactive characteristics that position these nanoparticles at the forefront of next-generation biopesticides. <em>Bt</em>-Ag₂ONPs combine the entomopathogenic potency of <em>Bt</em> with the oxidative and antimicrobial properties of silver, yielding dual-action nanoconjugates that demonstrate enhanced insecticidal activity, reduced pupal emergence, and broad-spectrum efficacy against agricultural pest insects. <em>Bt</em>-Ag₂ONPs demonstrated significantly higher insecticidal efficacy against <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> compared to <em>Bt</em> alone or commercial Ag₂ONPs. These nanoparticles also markedly suppressed pupal emergence, underscoring their potent developmental inhibition effects. Furthermore, the biosynthesis process is environmentally benign, cost-effective, and highly tunable, allowing for control over nanoparticle size, dispersity, and stability. There are several limitations about their ecotoxicology and regulations that are discussed in this review. The review also addresses current trends in formulation science, including smart delivery systems and precision-targeted applications as well as future research directions in synthetic biology and ecotoxicological assessment. <em>Bt</em>-derived Ag₂ONPs represent a powerful, multifaceted tool for integrated pest management strategies, offering a compelling alternative to conventional chemical pesticides and laying the groundwork for more resilient and sustainable agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107156"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of full-scale solid brick masonry walls reinforced with NSM twisted steel bars subjected to cylic loading","authors":"Armando Demaj ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Marques ,&nbsp;João Gomes Ferreira ,&nbsp;António Sousa Gago","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic rehabilitation of old masonry buildings is crucial for preserving heritage structures and ensuring safety in earthquake-prone areas. These buildings, often found in historic city centres, were not designed according to modern seismic codes, rendering them vulnerable to seismic actions. This study presents an investigation into the behaviour of full-scale masonry walls made of solid clay brick and cement-lime blended mortar, subjected to cyclic loading, and the corresponding numerical analyses, focusing on a strengthening technique proposed by the authors using near surface mounted twisted steel bars.</div><div>The study's findings indicate that the NSM technique substantially enhances the walls' shear strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. Reinforced specimens demonstrated increased drift capacity and dissipated energy compared to unreinforced ones, confirming the effectiveness of the strengthening approach in preventing collapse and mitigating life-threatening risks during seismic events. Additionally, numerical simulations calibrated with experimental data provided insights into the structural response, validating the proposed solution as an effective and minimally invasive retrofit for heritage masonry structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sequential smashing tissue-microwave assisted extraction and resin purification of salvianolic acids from Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma using a hybrid RSM-ANN-GA model","authors":"Qiang Zeng,&nbsp;Weifeng Jin,&nbsp;Jianzhen Chen,&nbsp;Yu He","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed a sequential smashing tissue-microwave assisted extraction (ST-MAE) method to extract salvianolic acids (SAs) from <em>Salviae miltiorrhizae</em> Radix et Rhizoma (SMR). Macroporous resin purification further enhanced the extract’s biological activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) and an artificial neural network embedded in a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) optimized the extraction and purification parameters. Extraction kinetic studies revealed that the Weibull model accurately described the time-dependent behavior of 10 major SAs, reflecting efficient diffusion and compound stability under optimized conditions. Compared with RSM, the hybrid ANN-GA model significantly improved the antioxidant activity of obtained products (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The ST-MAE method optimized by ANN-GA increased SAs yield by 2.03, 1.95, and 1.90 fold compared to smashing tissue extraction, microwave extraction, and heating reflux extraction, respectively. ST-MAE extract showed superior antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. After purification, the SAs content increased from 18.49 % to 65.87 %, and the antioxidant activity was significantly enhanced. In conclusion, this study provides an efficient approach to produce antioxidant-rich SAs from SMR, with the ST-MAE method and the hybrid optimization strategy demonstrating significant advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An aerospike nozzle ejector in MED-TVC systems for performance improvement and operating condition extension","authors":"Changchao Liu ,&nbsp;Mingrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyang Han ,&nbsp;Wenxu Sun ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Xue ,&nbsp;Lei Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerospike nozzles, characterized by its distinct structure diverging from the conventional bell nozzle, are commonly employed in aerospace propulsion systems. This structural configuration confers performance advantages under specific operating condition. In this paper, an aerospike nozzle is firstly introduced into the steam ejector in multi-effect distillation (MED) systems to solve the problem of performance degradation caused by unstable steam source pressure in the traditional ejector. The effect of the aerospike nozzle structure with different throat radiuses on the performance of the aerospike nozzle ejector (ANE) is investigated. The simulation results show that when the throat radius is 4 mm, the entrainment ability of the ANE is optimal. Moreover, the effect of boundary conditions on the entrainment capacity is analyzed. With the increase of primary pressure, the critical pressure of the ANE increases and the critical ER decreases. The entrainment ability and back-pressure sensitivity of the traditional ejector and ANE is compared and analyzed. The results show that while ensuring the unchanged back-pressure sensitivity, the average and maximum increasing rates of the ANE performance in the low-pressure range is 89.21 % and 378.57 %, respectively, and the ER increasing rate is 45.18 % under wide operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time wear monitoring in plastic gears using drive torque signal diagnostics","authors":"Zhaojie Hu ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhuo Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive wear represents a prevalent failure mechanism in plastic gears, necessitating online monitoring for intelligent operation and maintenance. To address challenges in direct wear measurement arising from complex geometry and harsh operating conditions, this study proposes a torque signal-based method for staged wear assessment and failure diagnosis. This approach leverages the established correlation between drive torque fluctuations and wear progression observed during testing. Utilizing Symmetrized Dot Pattern (SDP) transformation, one-dimensional torque signals are converted into two-dimensional images for enhanced feature characterization. Torque signals spanning the complete service-life cycle at distinct wear stages were acquired to develop a YOLO11-CLS-based wear classification model. By monitoring torque variations during gear meshing in real-time, the method achieves wear staging and failure diagnosis. Experimental results demonstrate significant morphological differences in Polyamide (PA) gear debris across operating conditions: lower parameters produce finer, more uniform debris. PA gear wear evolution follows a distinct three-stage process (running-in → stable wear → severe wear), with torque signals enabling stage differentiation at &gt;96 % classification accuracy. The method provides effective failure diagnosis for PA gears while offering practical implementation advantages. This research contributes fundamental data for PA gear load-bearing design and advances condition monitoring methodologies for plastic gear transmissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107134"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the mechanical performance of high-RAP WMA mixtures incorporating sasobit and bio-oil rejuvenators","authors":"Mohsin Alizadeh,&nbsp;Pouria Hajikarimi,&nbsp;Ali Khodaii","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asphalt pavement industry increasingly emphasizes sustainable practices to reduce environmental impacts and promote efficient resource utilization. This study investigates the combined effects of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology and high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents on the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures, focusing on low-temperature cracking and fatigue resistance. Seventeen mixtures were evaluated, incorporating RAP at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %, with Sasobit added at 3 % by binder weight and a bio-oil-based rejuvenator (BOB) introduced at dosages of 2.5 %, 6 %, and 10 % of RAP binder content. Experimental analyses included rotational viscosity measurements, Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) tests at −12 °C, and incremental repeated load permanent deformation (iRLPD) tests at 25 °C. Results showed that increasing RAP content progressively reduced fracture energy, with an approximate 15–25 % decrease per 25 % RAP increment. The 75 % RAP mixture exhibited a 65 % reduction in fracture energy compared to the virgin control. The 50 % RAP mixture with 3 % Sasobit and 6 % BOB provided the most favorable balance, achieving fracture toughness of 0.966 MPa·m^0.5 and fracture energy of 512.72 J/m², and improving fatigue resistance by 60 % relative to its non-rejuvenated counterpart. Over-dosage of BOB (10 %) destabilized the binder system and reduced performance. ANOVA identified RAP as the dominant factor for energy-based indices and fatigue, with Sasobit and BOB exerting mixture-specific effects, particularly on toughness. Regression analysis showed strong correlations between SCB-derived parameters and iRLPD fatigue index within the tested dataset; a degree-2 polynomial achieved R² ≈ 0.998, but these relationships were mixture-dependent and require validation before broader use. Overall, optimized additive strategies (3 % Sasobit + 6 % BOB) enable balanced performance at 50 % RAP, while 75 % RAP mixtures remained the most susceptible to fracture and fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107141"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction and Wear behaviors of epoxy resin reinforced with carbonized bamboo flour sliding against 52,100 steels","authors":"Zhiguo Liu,&nbsp;Xiangqi Miao,&nbsp;Bocheng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhanning Li,&nbsp;Jiamin Zhu,&nbsp;Zhengfeng Jia,&nbsp;Meng Liu,&nbsp;Jinming Zhen,&nbsp;Ran Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste biomass materials, including rice husks, bamboo, and others, possess many advantages containing renewability, low-cost and eco-friendship, and directly burning of these biomass materials will result in environmental pollution. To reuse waste biomass as fillers in polymers for enhancing their tribological properties, bamboo powder was carbonized at high temperature. Subsequently, composites based on carbonized bamboo flour (CBF) and epoxy acrylate (EP) were synthesized via photopolymerization. The wear and friction behaviors of carbonized bamboo flour/epoxy resin-based composites sliding against 52,100 steels was investigated. The wear rate of the composites containing 2.0 wt.% modified CBFs was approximately 5.2 × 10⁻³ mm³/Nm, which decrease by 37.5 % compared to that of EP disc. Furthermore, the wear rate of the CBF/EP composite was slightly lower than that of the graphene oxide (GO)/EP composite. The superior tribological properties of the CBF/EP composite can be attributed to the enhanced hardness, elastic modulus, hardness-to-elastic modulus ratio, and failure stress of the composite. The transfer films formed on the worn surface of steel balls effectively mitigates direct contact between the sliding pairs, thereby substantially enhancing the tribological performance of the composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107152"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel dynamic temporal interaction and feature synthesis framework for enhanced solar power forecasting","authors":"Mazhar Baloch ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shaik Honnurvali ,&nbsp;Adnan Kabbani ,&nbsp;Touqeer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Farrukh Hafeez ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar power forecasting is essential to optimize energy production and maintain a stable power grid operation. However, traditional forecasting methods often struggle either due to ineffective data preprocessing or due to a poor feature extraction and selection process, resulting in reduced accuracy. To address the mentioned issues, this research work introduces a novel Dynamic Temporal Interaction and Feature Synthesis (DTIFS) solar power-forecasting framework. The proposed framework utilizes advanced feature engineering techniques such as interaction terms, polynomial transformations, lagged features, and categorical binning to improve prediction accuracy significantly. A detailed exploratory data analysis (EDA) is conducted, and an intelligent feature engineering process is carried out on the acquired dataset, which led to a significant improvement in the model’s prediction accuracy. To assess the performance of the developed framework, several Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) models are applied and tested based on several well-known performance evaluation metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and R². It was found that the Random Forest (RF) model had an MAE of 15.32, an RMSE of 17.90, and an R² of 0.95 without the proposed framework. However, after applying the novel DTIFS framework, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model outperformed, reaching an MAE of 9.281, RMSE of 12.453, and an R² of 0.98, thus outperforming its competing models under identical operating conditions. This study highlights the crucial role of advanced data transformations in enhancing solar power forecasting models, improving accuracy, and facilitating the integration of renewable energy into the grid. The DTIFS framework demonstrates its effectiveness compared to other advanced models, such as RNN, LSTM, and GAN, positioning it as a promising tool for future solar energy forecasting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-engineered spherical MnO2/ZSM-5 zeolite beads for VOC removal through ozone-regenerable adsorption: Preparation, characterization, adsorption experiments and modeling","authors":"Ho Gia Quynh ,&nbsp;Le Tu Hieu ,&nbsp;Phan Vo Vinh San ,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Dung ,&nbsp;Tran Thuy Tuyet Mai ,&nbsp;Ngo Tran Hoang Duong ,&nbsp;Nguyen Quang Long","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a multifunctional zeolite-based adsorbent material with excellent performance in isopropanol (IPA) adsorption and ozone-based regeneration over multiple cycles. To enable industrial application, the material is shaped into mechanically stable beads using alginate as an organic framework and bentonite as an inorganic binder, while MnO₂ is impregnated onto the zeolite to catalyze ozone-driven regeneration. The structural characteristics and properties of the synthesized beads were analyzed using methods such as XRD, SEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption, FTIR and TGA. Through systematic investigation of calcination temperature and zeolite-to-bentonite ratio, the sample labelled Z85B15M3_450, comprising 85% zeolite, 15% bentonite, 3% MnO₂, and calcined at 450°C, demonstrated the best performance, achieving regeneration efficiency above 95% and adsorption capacity exceeding 0.7 mmol/g after each cycle. This study also incorporated adsorption modeling to examine various factors influencing the VOC adsorption process, including adsorbent mass, IPA concentration, and total gas flow rate. The BDST model was additionally applied to IPA adsorption data, demonstrating effective performance of the process at lower C/C₀ ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 107138"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}