Results in Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Fractal characteristics of pore damage evolution and permeability control mechanisms in coal during low-temperature freezing: A case study of medium- to high-rank coals in southwest guizhou mining area","authors":"Zhongman Luo (罗中曼) ,&nbsp;Chao Pan (潘超) ,&nbsp;Yujun Zuo (左宇军) ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zuo (左少杰) ,&nbsp;Furu Kang (康付如) ,&nbsp;Juncai Cao (曹俊才) ,&nbsp;Lin Li (李林)","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate mechanisms controlling coal reservoir permeability during low-temperature freezing (-20 to 0 °C), we analyzed medium- to high-rank coals from Southwest Guizhou using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), computed tomography (CT), uniaxial compression, and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Results show that frost heave and thermal stress transform micropores (&lt;10 nm) into mesopores (10–100 nm) and seepage pores (&gt;100 nm). This conversion accelerated below -15 °C. At -20 °C, seepage pore area increased by 21.28 % in bituminous coal and 26.12 % in anthracite. CT scans showed fracture rates rose by 81.57 % and 87.7 %, respectively. This indicates a transition from stable expansion to unstable penetration. <em>T</em>₂ spectra revealed distinct pore structures: bituminous coal showed double/triple peaks, while anthracite displayed mainly triple peaks. Bituminous coal had higher fractal dimension in adsorption pores, suggesting greater microstructural adaptability. In contrast, anthracite developed more seepage pores, enhancing flow pathways. Freezing reduced mechanical properties. Uniaxial strength, elastic modulus, and AE activity all declined with temperature, confirming pre-damage. A dynamic permeability model based on porosity-temperature data showed a nonlinear positive correlation between permeability increase and porosity change rate. Permeability increased by 5.35–5.97 times in bituminous coal and 4.4–6.42 times in anthracite. These findings demonstrate that low-temperature freezing enhances permeability through \"pore transformation–fracture oversaturation–mechanical degradation.\" This supports using cryogenic fracturing for coalbed methane extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108423"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying frequency-domain operating deflection shapes and internal damage in structures using geometric vision method","authors":"Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaren Zuo ,&nbsp;Zhangyu Yao ,&nbsp;Deyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Pan ,&nbsp;Zhilong Su","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operating deflection shape (ODS) analysis characterizes structural vibration in the frequency domain without requiring prior knowledge of excitation, offering an automatic means to assess dynamic behavior and detect damage in service. Building on this, we present a geometric vision–based sensing method for ODS identification under a depth-parameterization framework, enabling direct recovery of full-field vibration responses from spatiotemporal image motion captured by a stereo imaging system. To ensure accurate ODS reconstruction, a random sample consensus–based calibration algorithm is developed to rectify stereo geometry and establish a depth-parameterized projective system. Within this framework, we formulate a linear model that maps measured image motion of object points to their ODS responses in the frequency domain. In addition, a wavelet-based algorithm is proposed to extract damage parameters from defective structures using the reconstructed ODS fields. Experimental validations confirm that the proposed vision-based sensing method and damage identification approach are both effective and robust, providing a promising pathway for structural vibration monitoring and health assessment in complex operational environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108474"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating quantum computing with federated learning for enhanced security and privacy in IoT networks","authors":"Ganesh Babu R ,&nbsp;Geetha T S ,&nbsp;Nedumaran A ,&nbsp;Bashyam Sugumaran ,&nbsp;Muralikrishnan P","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming industries such as healthcare, transportation, and smart infrastructure, but it also amplifies critical concerns regarding data security, privacy, and device authentication. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms offer partial protection, yet they remain vulnerable to emerging quantum computing threats, posing significant risks to IoT systems. Addressing these challenges, this paper introduces FLQC-IoT, a novel security framework that integrates federated learning (FL) with quantum computing (QC) to provide robust, scalable, and future-ready protection. Unlike conventional centralized approaches, FLQC-IoT enables decentralized model training directly on IoT devices, safeguarding sensitive data from exposure. Quantum technologies are incorporated at multiple layers: quantum neural networks accelerate optimization tasks, while quantum key distribution and quantum homomorphic encryption ensure tamper-proof key exchange and secure communication. Furthermore, the framework adapts dynamically to emerging threats through real-time anomaly detection and distributed intelligence, significantly enhancing resilience. Experimental results demonstrate a 15.32 % reduction in computational overhead and a 21.45 % decrease in authentication rounds compared to state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the framework’s efficiency and practical readiness. These findings underscore the significance and transformative impact of FLQC-IoT, providing a scalable, privacy-preserving, and resilient approach to securing IoT networks across critical domains, including healthcare, university campus networks, smart infrastructure, and transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shadow-assisted solar still: Surface cooling via sub-basin heat exchanger","authors":"Duaa Alaa Lafta,&nbsp;Alaa M. lafta,&nbsp;Sajad W. Noori,&nbsp;Mustafa M. Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar driven desalination has attracted significant attention amid the continuous demand of sustainable and low-cost freshwater production. In the present work, a Shadow Assisted Solar Still (SASS) is proposed to be integrated with a sub-basin heat exchanger to enhance the operation of open system evaporation condensing. Controlled surface shading is employed in the system to prevent high temperature rise in the basin water which serves to reduce heat losses and promote evaporation stability. At the same time, sub-basin heat exchanger helps to cool the surface and accelerate condensation process by stabilizing higher temperature gradient of water surface against glass cover. Results of experimental and/or theoretical studies indicate that besides increasing the quantity of freshwater produced, this double-effect contributes to its thermal performance compared with single-basin solar stills. In such arid and semi-arid regions with the scarcity of clean water supply, the proposed design is an economic and environment-friendly option to produce freshwater. The design freedom of a shadow-assisted solar still added with a sub-basin heat exchanger was found to improve the system productivity compared to the reference configuration. Surface shading decreased the BWT from peak solar hours towards <em>intermittent heating periods</em>, which caused a reduction in heat losses and an enhancement of condensation productivity. Concurrently, the thermal gradient was induced across the sub-basin heat exchanger to boost evaporation–condensation cycle. Consequently, there was a 40–60 % increase in the daily freshwater product at about performance ratio between 1.4 and 1.6 compared with those of the conventional still day yield. In addition, the thermal efficiency of the system was increased with increasing overall TES depth (Thermal Energy Storage Depth, The effective thickness of the thermal energy storage medium participating in heat storage and release) by enhanced usage of latent heat and less heat loss to the water from its surface. These enhancements indicate that a combination of surface cooling (solar shading) and inside heat recycling (sub-basin exchange) is beneficial to increase the productivity of the solar still at high temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108508"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial emissions modeling from mobile sources using hidden Markov models and autoencoders","authors":"Elnaz Babaie ,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Alesheikh ,&nbsp;Mahdi Farnaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution poses a worldwide threat to climate, health, and ecosystems, particularly in urban regions where mobile sources contribute significantly. The magnitude and spread of these emissions are influenced by multiple spatial factors. This study aims to classify pollutants from mobile sources by independently analyzing the spatial characteristics of their trajectory. An effective approach to evaluating environmental factors and their impact on emissions across various locations is essential for air pollution management. This research focuses on categorizing emissions produced by single taxi units using sequential models such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM), along with advanced hybrid techniques that combine HMM with Autoencoders (AE) and Variational Autoencoders (VAE). While HMMs capture temporal dependencies in sequential data, they assume low-dimensional, noise-free observations—an assumption often violated by real-world emissions data. To address this, AE and VAE are used to transform high-dimensional inputs into structured latent representations that align with HMM assumptions. Given the presence of various sources of error, this study also investigates the uncertainty associated with each method. Results show that the HMM-VAE hybrid outperforms other methods in classification, achieving test data accuracies of 0.80 for fuel consumption (FC), 0.79 for nitrogen oxides (Nox), 0.78 for hydrocarbons (HC), and 0.76 for carbon monoxide (CO). Uncertainty assessment reveals this hybrid method has lower uncertainty and higher confidence. Feature removal analysis showed that removing transportation hubs and taxi counts significantly decreased HMM accuracy. This study demonstrates that hybrid sequential-autoencoder models accurately map mobile source emissions, aiding air pollution risk assessment in large-scale monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108435"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into effect of thermal distribution on overall efficiency and effective life span of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules","authors":"Uzair Sajjad ,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a major source of sustainable energy, but despite advances in cell materials, efficiency, and design, significant challenges remain most notably thermal distribution, which strongly affects both performance and lifespan. The uneven temperature distribution, known as nonuniformity, adversely affects PV system performance by causing hotspots, material fatigue, and encapsulant aging. This review assesses the effects of thermal distribution on solar PV modules, emphasizing their energy conversion efficiency, reliability, and durability. Hotspots and thermal stress have profound effects on the module performance and effective life, highlighting the importance of efficient thermal management strategies. The review also explores various thermal management approaches, including cooling systems, phase change materials (PCM), and heat sinks. Additionally, this paper evaluates computational methods like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the finite element method (FEM) for analyzing thermal distribution in PV systems. It also examines the application of machine learning techniques for predictive modeling and experimental investigations aimed at mitigating thermal effects on PV modules. Future research should focus on the role of thermal management in optimizing PV system performance and extending system lifespan. This paper also highlights the need for further research into developing cost-effective and sustainable thermal management solutions for PV systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108540"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing flexibility in integrated gasification combined cycle systems: the role of syngas storage technologies and operational strategies","authors":"Andrey Clarice G. Gelogo,&nbsp;Angelo Earvin Sy Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems have a significant role in advancing the transition toward cleaner energy production by enabling the efficient and environmentally responsible use of coal and other carbon-based feedstocks. IGCC systems not only reduce emissions and improve thermal efficiency but also offer integration potential with emerging low-carbon technologies. Integrated gasification combined cycle with syngas storage (IGCC-SS) offers greater operational flexibility, particularly during maintenance periods or sudden power outages, and enhances the ability of the plant to respond to variable energy demands. This review focuses on analyzing syngas storage technologies and their operational considerations to enhance the flexibility, reliability, and scalability of IGCC systems. The feasibility of syngas storage is highly influenced by the physicochemical properties of syngas, which depend on the gasification operating conditions and the type of feedstock. These factors affect syngas composition, energy density, and flammability limits, all of which are critical for safe and effective storage. The integration of syngas storage in IGCC systems provides enhanced operational flexibility, enabling the system to adapt to a broader range of duty cycles and variable energy demands. However, it also has trade-offs, including reduced overall efficiency and increased energy production costs. Therefore, the process design configuration and operational variables must be carefully developed to achieve the optimal balance between performance, reliability, and economic viability. Future research may focus on optimizing syngas storage parameters and the syngas distribution ratio to minimize efficiency losses and enhance the adaptability of IGCC-SS systems to dynamic power grid requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 109164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of mid-spatial-frequency errors in conformal vibration polishing of aspheric optical elements: A review","authors":"Zhanyang Wang ,&nbsp;Ci Song ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Wanli Zhang ,&nbsp;Guipeng Tie ,&nbsp;Baoqi Gong ,&nbsp;Feng Shi ,&nbsp;Xing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) errors in aspheric optical elements remain a critical bottleneck limiting machining accuracy and functional performance in high-end optical manufacturing. Conventional methods, such as sub-aperture polishing (SAP), rely on path optimization to match surface curvature, yet they impose high demands on machine dynamics, necessitate path simplification, and often require secondary corrections—leading to extended cycles and elevated costs. To overcome these limitations, Conformal Vibration Polishing (CVP) has been developed as a full-aperture-based alternative. By employing high-frequency conformal contact motion between the tool and workpiece, CVP achieves flexible conformal adaptability and real-time adjustment, effectively avoiding path-induced and tool-edge-induced MSF errors. This results in a highly stable and consistent material removal process, enabling efficient and precise convergence of MSF errors. This review systematically examines the development, principles, and material removal characteristics of CVP, with a focus on its mechanism for suppressing MSF errors in aspheric optics. A comparative analysis with SAP highlights the technical advantages and suitable application scenarios of CVP. Finally, future research directions are outlined, positioning CVP as a key technology capable of overcoming the MSF error bottleneck and guiding the future of precision optical surfacing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 109514"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-waste valorization of sustainable neodymium recovery and innovation of recycled, reduced and neodymium-free magnet for electric vehicle motor","authors":"Bukola Naimat Atanda ,&nbsp;Davannendran Chandran ,&nbsp;Taib Iskandar Mohamad ,&nbsp;Revathi Raviadaran","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review aims to critically assess neodymium (Nd) extraction techniques from electronic waste (EW), as well as the use of recycled Nd, reduced Nd concentration and Nd-free magnet for electric vehicle motors (EVM) application. Existing studies highlighted recovery of Nd from EW via conventional methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrometallurgy and biometallurgy. Deep eutectic solvents are alternative to conventional methods for Nd recovery which combines high selectivity and lower environmental impact. Recycled Nd magnets demonstrate improved corrosion resistance and degradation under varying temperatures through grain boundary refinement and microstructural stabilization. Resilience against mechanical stress, thermal cycling and corrosive environments renders its performance can be comparable to virgin Nd magnets. Incorporating recycled Nd in EVM enhances efficiency, torque output, thermal management and overall reliability while contributing to cost reduction and sustainability. Enhancement strategies such as grain boundary diffusion, core-shell structuring and alloying can boost magnetic properties of recycled Nd magnets for EVM application. Integration of reduction strategies along with Nd recycling are necessary to enhance economic viability and sustainability of EV technology. However, challenges such as maintaining consistent magnetic properties and motor performance at temperatures above 120 °C, impurity control, ensuring alloy stability and large-scale production remain a critical barrier. Future research should focus on improving Nd recycling processes and optimizing magnetic properties. Also, integrating computational simulations will accelerate the deployment of recycled Nd for next-generation EVM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108338"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cistus albidus L. cellulose-based bioadsorbent: An innovative eco-friendly method for removing basic fuchsin dye from water solutions and DFT mechanistic insights","authors":"Khalida Dahmani ,&nbsp;Aida Zaabar ,&nbsp;Aghilas Brahmi ,&nbsp;Hakim Lounici ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Benabbas ,&nbsp;Ahmed Belaadi ,&nbsp;Herbert Mukalazi ,&nbsp;Djamel Ghernaout","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic dyes are widely used in various industries, but the discharge of dye-contaminated effluents poses significant environmental and health hazards due to the persistence and toxicity of many dyes. Traditional remediation methods often face challenges regarding cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. This study introduces a novel, unmodified bioadsorbent derived from the powdered leaves of <em>Cistus albidus L</em>. (CSP) for the removal of Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from aqueous solutions. The bioadsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, revealing a well-structured mesoporous architecture with a surface area of 10.93 m²/g. Under optimal conditions (21°C, pH 10, initial BF concentration of 100 mg/L, contact time of 60 minutes, and a CSP dose of 5 g/L), the maximum adsorption capacity for BF dye reached 12.01 mg/g, demonstrating competitive efficiency relative to other plant-based adsorbents.</div><div>The adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed that BF dye adsorbs onto the cellulose structure of CSP (R-CSP), with an interaction energy of <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></math></span>= − 0.13 eV, confirming that the adsorption is thermodynamically favorable and exothermic. This energy therefore yields <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>= 0.13 eV indicates a stable configuration for the R-CSP-BF complex. Furthermore, Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) analysis highlighted the critical roles of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces in the adsorption of BF dye. These results underscore the potential of CSP as an effective and environmentally friendly bioadsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 108562"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}