Saranathan L , Indragandhi Vairavasundaram , Bragadeshwaran Ashok
{"title":"Navigating the spectrum of battery health management in electric vehicles: A comprehensive review","authors":"Saranathan L , Indragandhi Vairavasundaram , Bragadeshwaran Ashok","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a cornerstone of modern electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and excellent performance. However, ensuring their reliability and longevity presents substantial challenges due to degradation caused by various internal and external factors. This review paper addresses the critical problem of accurately estimating the state of health (SoH), remaining useful life (RUL), and battery ageing in dynamic operating environments. The existing literature lacks a consolidated comparative analysis of traditional, adaptive, and emerging data-driven approaches to battery health management, particularly in the context of real-world applications. This review presents an in-depth synthesis of conventional methods, model-based techniques, adaptive filtering, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven strategies including machine learning (ML), fuzzy logic, and cloud-integrated frameworks for SoH, RUL, and ageing prediction. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of battery cycling databases and highlights how open-source data and modern computational advancements support scalable predictive analytics. A comparative critique of various methodologies is provided to evaluate performance, adaptability, and real-world feasibility. The review identifies key challenges and research gaps, emphasizing the need for model interpretability, real-time validation, and long-term performance assessment. Overall, this paper contributes to the academic and industrial understanding of predictive battery management, guiding future research toward the development of accurate, interpretable, and scalable models that ensure sustainable EV battery operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent developments of the vortex solar air engine: A short review","authors":"Marwan A. Ali, Omer K. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overuse of fossil resources, including oil and coal, has accelerated the energy crisis. The use of renewable energy, especially solar energy, is seen as a viable solution to this problem because fossil fuels pollute the environment and make it difficult for plants and animals to survive. The atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) and the solar vortex engine (SVE) are innovative ways to harness solar energy by mimicking the natural vortex dynamics to generate power. Important developments include the integration of solar collectors with vortex engines and the enhancement of design parameters, such as air inlets and turbine locations, as well as reducing the height of the chimney and reducing its construction area. These changes enhance its cost-effectiveness and do not require large building areas. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of current developments in vortex wind turbine systems for power generation. The articles studied consist of theoretical and experimental analyses. Furthermore, we conducted field research using short-term experimental designs. The research suggests that significant improvements in energy efficiency are possible. However, it emphasizes the need for further research and development to transform these technologies from small-scale prototypes to large-scale commercial applications. This would facilitate renewable energy generation and reduce our dependence on dirty energy sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 106011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Activated carbons for effective pharmaceutical adsorption: Impact of feedstock origin, activation agents, adsorption conditions, and cost analysis","authors":"Issam Mechnou , Anasse Benabdallah , Az-Iddin Chham , Younes Rachdi , Miloudi Hlaibi , Abdeslam El kartouti , Na’il Saleh","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbon adsorption is an effective technique for capturing pharmaceutical molecules. The cost-effectiveness of this adsorbent depends largely on the choice of raw material,activating agents, and adsorption conditions, which influence their morphologies and chemical surface properties. However, the relationship between the type of raw materials, activating agents, and adsorption conditions and the properties of activated carbons is not fully defined. In this paper, we review, based on recent studies, the relationship between raw materials and the physicochemical properties (active sites and porosity) of activated carbons designed to eliminate pharmaceuticals. We also examine the percentage distribution of chemical functions in active ingredients and carry out a cost-effectiveness evaluation, using paracetamol as a control to compare the raw materials studied. Activated carbons from various raw materials exhibit surface functions such as C=O, C-N, COOH, NH<sub>2</sub>, Si-O and O-H, with surface areas over 3400 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and a capacity reaching 2000 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. The results identified three classes of raw materials. Carbonizable liquid waste was identified as a first-class raw material, enabling the development of activated carbons with significant physico-chemical properties and adsorption capacities, but limited by low yields. Fossil coals, agricultural waste and lignin constitute the second class, with variable costs. Finally, aquatic biomass and petrochemicals (third class) is unfavorable because of its low yield and expensive production. Overall, for clean, profitable and efficient production, the choice of raw materials is important in the development of activated carbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bhuvaneswari , S. Sivalingam , D. Balaji , L. Rajeshkumar , M. Sathishkumar
{"title":"A review of Self-healing and Self- assembling monomers and polymers for biomedical applications integrated with patent landscape analysis","authors":"V. Bhuvaneswari , S. Sivalingam , D. Balaji , L. Rajeshkumar , M. Sathishkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-healing is the technique to extend the life of any material and is in key demand around the globe. This article focuses on self-healing and self-assembling monomers and polymers as they are used widely in biomedical applications. Sustainable and efficient solutions across industries are offered by self-assembly in conjunction with techniques such as microencapsulation, reversible photo-cross-linking, and the use of composites. Data mining of patents shows an increasing desire to put these ideas to use in the real world, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, energy, and healthcare. The breadth of these innovations can be increased through ongoing multidisciplinary research, which should lead to discoveries that solve global problems. Advanced materials and their biomedical applications will be driven by the future of these technologies' synergy. The current review analyses various synthesis methods of the self-healing and self-assembling monomers and polymers, their biomedical applications, challenges in implementation and envisage these techniques with the aid of patent landscape analysis for predicting the potential growth of these materials over the existing materials and techniques. This review caters the need of materialists to assess the current state and the future directions of self-healing materials in biomedical applications like tissue engineering, bone regeneration and wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances on benthic animals in aquatic ecosystems under various land use types: A review","authors":"Huazu Liu, Megumu Fujibayashi, Takahiro Kuba","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals extensively used in various industrial applications and consumer products since the 1940s. Due to their persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and associated toxicity, PFASs have become a major environmental concern, particularly in aquatic ecosystems where they accumulate in sediments and affect benthic organisms. This review comprehensively examines the effects of PFASs on benthic animals across aquatic ecosystems influenced by different land use types, including agricultural, urban, and industrial activities. It covers PFASs' chemical properties, sources, environmental persistence, and pathways into aquatic systems. The review also explores the biochemical, physiological, and ecological effects of PFASs on benthic animals, including bioconcentration, enzyme disruption, oxidative stress, and reproductive impacts. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of land use on PFAS contamination levels in benthic environments, emphasizing the role of wastewater, stormwater runoff, biosolid application, and industrial discharges. Through comparing various land use types, the review highlights the need for comprehensive research on the environmental behavior of PFASs in aquatic ecosystems and their effects on benthic animals. By integrating diverse land use contexts, this review aims to enhance understanding of PFASs' ecological risks and underscores the need for effective management and remediation strategies to protect benthic communities and maintain aquatic ecosystem health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105960"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abubakar Unguwanrimi Yakubu , Liu Qingsheng , Meng Kai , Chen Jinwei , Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed , Jiahao Zhao , Qi Jiang , Xuanhong Ye , Junyi Liu , Qinglong Yu , Muhammad Aurangzeb , Shusheng Xiong
{"title":"Modeling, optimization, and thermal management strategies of hydrogen fuel cell systems","authors":"Abubakar Unguwanrimi Yakubu , Liu Qingsheng , Meng Kai , Chen Jinwei , Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed , Jiahao Zhao , Qi Jiang , Xuanhong Ye , Junyi Liu , Qinglong Yu , Muhammad Aurangzeb , Shusheng Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable energy has intensified the focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) due to their high efficiency, zero emissions, and flexibility for both mobile and stationary uses. However, widespread adoption is limited by technical challenges, including efficiency losses from activation and mass transport overpotentials, thermal instability under transient loads, and high system and hydrogen production costs. Traditional static modeling approaches struggle to capture the real-time, coupled dynamics of PEMFCs in practical scenarios. This review synthesizes over one hundred studies published between 2015 and 2025, highlighting advancements in steady-state and dynamic modeling, AI-driven multi-objective optimization, and integrated thermal management. Optimization algorithms such as PSO, WOA, MIGA, and NSGA-II have shown promising results, including up to 15 % reduction in hydrogen consumption and 20 to 30 % improvement in thermal uniformity. The review also explores hybrid physical-AI models, CFD-based surrogate models, and predictive machine-learning methods like LSTM and CNN. Emphasis is placed on AI-enhanced energy management systems (EMS) capable of real-time control by integrating stress, degradation, and load conditions. Economic modeling for green hydrogen production is also included. The paper concludes by offering a unified framework and identifying current limitations, paving the way for scalable, intelligent PEMFC deployment in real-world energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asfaw Adeko Tigro, Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis, Ali Shemsedin Reshad
{"title":"Heterogeneous alkaline calcium oxide nano-catalyst supported on porous materials for the transesterification reaction: A review","authors":"Asfaw Adeko Tigro, Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis, Ali Shemsedin Reshad","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present review work, the use of calcium oxide as alkaline solid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction was investigated. Calcium oxide catalyst were developed from various calcium rich biomass resources. The catalytic activity, reusability, stability and performance of calcium oxide as a catalyst were enhanced through the synthesis of calcium oxide at nano-scale and supporting on porous materials. This work critically review CaO heterogeneous catalysts synthesized from various biomass rich wastes with respect to the emerging nanotechnologies. The review work presents the gaps identified in the literature for CaO based heterogeneous catalysts derived from various biomass wastes, different synthesis methods of nanocatalysts and its development towards supported nanocatalysts. The prospects of the emerging nanotechnologies for enhancement of the catalysts alkalinity strength, catalytic activity, stability, selectivity and reduce catalyst leachability while increasing durability were also discussed. This review work, therefore, provides a critical insight on existing scientific data and the development of CaO-based supported nanocatalysts for the biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herman Zahid , Adil Zulfiqar , Muhammad Adnan , Muhammad Sajid Iqbal , Anwar Shah , Usman Abbasi , Salah Eldeen Gasim Mohamed
{"title":"Transforming nano grids to smart grid 3.0: AI, digital twins, blockchain, and the metaverse revolutionizing the energy ecosystem","authors":"Herman Zahid , Adil Zulfiqar , Muhammad Adnan , Muhammad Sajid Iqbal , Anwar Shah , Usman Abbasi , Salah Eldeen Gasim Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores the transformative architecture of Smart Grid 3.0 by integrating cutting-edge technologies. It presents novel architectural frameworks to transform nanogrid, microgrid, and VPP topologies to their Grid 3.0 counterparts. This study systematically analyzes the application of advanced algorithms and technologies across all hierarchical subsystems—nanogrid 3.0, microgrid 3.0, VPP 3.0, and Smart Grid 3.0. These digital technologies have transformative capabilities. The digital twins can perform real-time monitoring, simulation, and predictive analysis; blockchain ensures secure, decentralized energy transactions; and the metaverse creates immersive, interactive environments for system management. This review also explores the role of AI in power grid which is to optimize energy scheduling, fault detection, and energy management. This paper adds to the literature by systematically addressing subsystems of Smart Grid 3.0, including energy generation, transmission, distribution, communication, and storage. Challenges such as interoperability, scalability, data integrity, and cybersecurity are discussed, and solutions are proposed which highlights the need of interdisciplinary approach. These include cyber-attack detection and mitigation mechanisms, advanced simulation tools, and robust policy frameworks. A thorough review of literature enabled this paper to present practical implementation strategies and real-world examples of digital technologies integrated smart grids. By integrating these technologies across hierarchical energy systems, this study establishes a foundation for future research in transforming conventional smart grid infrastructure into a resilient, efficient, and interconnected cyber-physical energy network called Smart Grid 3.0 as the peak of this evolution so far.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105850"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Moghadasi, Mahdi Zarnoush, Farbod Esmaeilion, Ghazaleh Radman, M. Soltani
{"title":"Advancements and challenges in battery thermal management technologies for electric vehicles; a systematic navigation on the latest trends","authors":"Mohammad Moghadasi, Mahdi Zarnoush, Farbod Esmaeilion, Ghazaleh Radman, M. Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The considerable development rate of electric vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-powered transportation systems has increased the essential presence of efficient and reliable battery systems. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), by providing high energy density and extended lifecycle, are susceptible to temperature instabilities, affecting their safety, performance, and durability. In this case, high-efficiency battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are important to guarantee thermal stability and uniform distribution of temperature through EV battery packs. This review study presents a comprehensive review with standard evaluations of the latest developments in BTMS, including air, liquid, phase change materials (PCMs), and heat pipe (HP)-developed cooling systems. The main objective in the assessed studies lies in the design inventions, performance optimization approaches, and hybrid methods. Dissimilar from the literature, this study stands as a state-of-the-art review of technical results with a comparative outline that assesses each technology’s competitiveness, integration possibility, and scalability for real-life applications. The work also summarizes key trends in research and determines future guidelines to pave the way for the development of next-generation BTMSs for EV batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayar Abdullah Taleb , Gyula Korsoveczki , Géza Husi
{"title":"Automotive navigation for mobile robots: Comprehensive review","authors":"Mayar Abdullah Taleb , Gyula Korsoveczki , Géza Husi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective navigation of mobile robots in a dynamic environment poses complex challenges, including mapping, localization, and path planning. These factors are interdependent and require robust solutions for successful robot navigation. The complexity of the task increases due to the unpredictability of dynamic obstacles that resemble humans or other robots. This research proposes an in-depth investigation into these navigation challenges, emphasizing the development of hybrid algorithms that manage interdependencies more effectively. The aim is to evaluate the performance of various navigation algorithms against a set of clearly defined metrics such as success rate, path efficiency, computational cost, and adaptability to environmental changes. This paper will give special attention to algorithms incorporating machine learning and real-time data analysis to manage dynamic obstacles better; also, it will explore the adaptability and scalability of these algorithms in simulated environments of varying complexity and size, preparing them for real-world applicability. This research intends to bridge the gap between theoretical algorithms and their implementation in real-world scenarios through theoretical analysis, comparative evaluation, and practical field tests. By achieving these objectives, we anticipate offering comprehensive insights and best practices for mobile robot navigation in dynamic environments, paving the way for innovative solutions that enhance robot autonomy and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 105837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}