{"title":"An optimal algorithm for area minimization of slicing floorplans","authors":"W. Shi","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480160","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional algorithm of L. Stockmeyer (1983) for area minimization of slicing floorplans has time (and space) complexity O(n/sup 2/) in the worst case, or O(n log n) for balanced slicing. For more than a decade, it is considered the best possible. In this paper, we present a new algorithm of worst-case time (and space) complexity O(n log n), where n is the total number of realizations for the basic blocks, regardless whether the slicing is balanced or not. We also prove /spl Omega/(n log n) is the lower bound and the time complexity of any area minimization algorithm. Therefore, the new algorithm not only finds the optimal realization, but also has an optimal running time.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114865962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extracting RTL models from transistor netlists","authors":"K. J. Singh, P. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479879","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of deriving a register-transfer level (RTL) model from a transistor-level circuit. Using existing techniques, the transistor-level circuit is converted into a relation that describes the evolution of the signals in the circuit with respect to the simulator clock. This simulation relation is then manipulated to derive the stable behavior of the circuit. Given this stable behavior and information about the clocking scheme, we determine if the circuit is combinational, asynchronous or synchronous. For combinational and synchronous circuits we derive an equivalent register-transfer level model. This development enables full-custom circuit designers to use tools that were till now available only to designers working at the gate-level. The algorithm has been successfully used to characterize several custom designs, as well as the entire AT&T standard-cell library.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bounded-skew clock and Steiner routing under Elmore delay","authors":"J. Cong, A. Kahng, Cheng-Kok Koh, C. Tsao","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479993","url":null,"abstract":"We study the minimum-cost bounded-skew routing tree problem under the Elmore delay model. We present two approaches to construct bounded-skew routing trees: (i) the Boundary Merging and Embedding (BME) method which utilizes merging points that are restricted to the boundaries of merging regions, and (ii) the Interior Merging and Embedding (IME) algorithm which employs a sampling strategy and dynamic programming to consider merging points that are interior to, rather than on the boundary of, the merging regions. Our new algorithms allow accurate control of Elmore delay skew, and show the utility of merging points inside merging regions.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"s3-48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface co-synthesis techniques for embedded systems","authors":"P. Chou, R. Ortega, G. Borriello","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480024","url":null,"abstract":"A key aspect of the synthesis of embedded systems is the automatic integration of system components. This entails the derivation of both the hardware and software interfaces that will bind these elements together and permit them to communicate correctly and efficiently. Without the automatic synthesis of these interfaces, designers are not able to fully simulate and evaluate their systems. Frequently, they are discouraged from exploring the design space of different hardware/software partitions because practical concerns mandate minimizing changes late in the design cycle, thus leading to more costly implementations than necessary. This paper presents a set of techniques that form the basis of a comprehensive solution to the synthesis of hardware/software interfaces. Software drivers and glue logic are generated to connect processors to peripheral devices, hardware co-processors, or communication interfaces while meeting bandwidth and performance requirements. We use as examples a set of devices that communicate over an infrared local communications network (highlighting a video wrist-watch display) to explain our techniques and the need for design space exploration tools for embedded systems.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133876961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fast wavelet collocation method for high-speed VLSI circuit simulation","authors":"D. Zhou, N. Chen, W. Cai","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fast wavelet collocation method (FWCM) for high-speed circuit simulation. The FWCM has the following properties: (1) It works in the time domain, so that the circuit nonlinearity can be handled, and the accuracy of the result can be well controlled, unlike the method working in the frequency domain where the numerical error may get uncontrolled during the inverse Laplace transform; (2) The wavelet property of localization in both time and frequency domains makes a uniform approximation possible, which is generally not found in the time marching methods; (3) It is very effective in treating the singularities often developed in high-speed ICs due to the property of the wavelets; (4) Calculation of derivatives at all collocation points is optimal and takes O(n log n), where n is the number of collocation points; (5) An adaptive scheme exists; and (6) It has an O(h/sup 4/) convergence rate while the most existing methods only have an O(h/sup 2/) convergence rate, where h is the step length. Numerical experiments further demonstrated the promising features of FWCM in high-speed IC simulation.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131081416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A unified approach to topology generation and area optimization of general floorplans","authors":"P. Dasgupta, S. Sur-Kolay, B. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480208","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown that for any rectangularly dualizable graph, a feasible topology can be obtained by using only either straight or Z-cutlines recursively within a bounding rectangle. Given an adjacency graph, a potential topology, which may be nonslicible and is likely to yield an optimally sized floorplan, is produced first in a top-dozen fashion using heuristic search in AND-OR graphs. The advantage of this technique is four-fold: (i) accelerates top-down search phase, (ii) generates a floorplan with minimal number of nonslice cores, (iii) ensures safe routing order without addition of pseudo-modules, and (iv) solves the bottom-up algorithm efficiently for optimal sizing of general floorplans in the second phase.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131322713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An iterative improvement algorithm for low power data path synthesis","authors":"A. Raghunathan, N. Jha","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480190","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of minimizing power consumption in behavioral synthesis of data-dominated circuits. The complex nature of power as a cost function implies that the effects of several behavioral synthesis tasks like module selection, clock selection, scheduling and resource sharing on supply voltage and switched capacitance need to be considered simultaneously to fully derive the benefits of design space exploration at the behavior level. We present an efficient algorithm for performing scheduling, clock selection, module selection, and resource allocation and assignment simultaneously with an aim of reducing the power consumption in the synthesized data path. The algorithm, which is based on an iterative improvement strategy, is capable of escaping local minima in its search for a low power solution. The algorithm considers diverse module libraries and complex scheduling constructs such as multicycling chaining, and structural pipelining. We describe supply voltage and clock pruning strategies that significantly improve the efficiency of our algorithm by cutting down on the computational effort involved in exploring candidate supply voltages and clock periods that are unlikely to lead to the best solution. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Our techniques can be combined with other known methods of behavioral power optimization like data path replication and transformations, to result in a complete data path synthesis system for low power applications.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A timing-driven data path layout synthesis with integer programming","authors":"Jaewon Kim, S. Kang","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480209","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an efficient data path synthesis algorithm which generates bit-sliced layouts. Since data path circuits have special characteristics which are different from those of random logic circuits, the dedicated synthesis system is required for efficient layouts. Our main goal in the data path synthesis is to satisfy the timing constraints of circuits as well as to reduce layout areas. Timing-driven placement and over-the-cell routing techniques are developed to generate data path modules. Also, signal interfaces between bit-slices are carefully considered to further reduce layout areas. Our synthesis techniques take advantage of the common characteristics of datapath structures under timing constraints and applies mixed integer linear programming approach to solve the problem. The superior results from our data path synthesis system are demonstrated through comparison with the layout results with the simulated annealing technique.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114170533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional test generation for delay faults in combinational circuits","authors":"I. Pomeranz, S. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480204","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a functional fault model for delay faults in combinational circuits and describe a functional test generation procedure based on this model. The proposed method is most suitable when a gate-level description of the circuit-under-test, necessary for employing existing gate-level delay fault test generators, is not available. It is also suitable for generating tests in early design stages of a circuit, before a gate-level implementation is selected. It can also potentially be employed to supplement conventional test generators for gate-level circuits to reduce the cost of branch and bound strategies. A parameter called /spl Delta/ is used to control the number of functional faults targeted and thus the number of tests generated. If /spl Delta/ is unlimited, the functional test set detects every robustly testable path delay fault in any gate-level implementation of the given function. An appropriate subset of tests can be selected once the implementation is known. The test sets generated for various values of /spl Delta/ are fault simulated on gate-level realizations to demonstrate their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cortadella, M. Kishinevsky, L. Lavagno, A. Yakovlev
{"title":"Synthesizing Petri nets from state-based models","authors":"J. Cortadella, M. Kishinevsky, L. Lavagno, A. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to synthesize labeled Petri nets from state-based models. Although state-based models (such as finite state machines) are a powerful formalism to describe the behavior of sequential systems, they cannot explicitly express the notions of concurrency, causality and conflict Petri nets can naturally capture these notions. The proposed method in based on deriving an elementary transition system (ETS) from a specification model. Previous work has shown that for any ETS there exists a Petri net with minimum transition count (one transition for each label) with a reachability graph isomorphic to the original ETS. This paper presents the first known approach to obtain an ETS from a non-elementary TS and derive a place-irredundant Petri net. Furthermore, by imposing constraints on the synthesis method, different classes of Petri nets can be derived from the same reachability graph (pure, free choice, unique choice). This method has been implemented and efficiently applied in different frameworks: Petri net composition, synthesis of Petri nets from asynchronous circuits, and resynthesis of Petri nets.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}