Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and coexistence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity among older adults in the community: Results from a prospective cohort study","authors":"Zhishan Jiang, Adrian Slee, Christine Elizabeth Weekes","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><div>Advanced age is an independent risk factor for malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity (MSFSO), and each condition is associated with adverse outcomes, such as higher risk of morbidity and mortality, higher incidence of hospitalization, increased risk of falls and disability, poorer quality of life (QOL), and greater use of health and social care resources. Some characteristics overlap between MSFSO, yet there is a lack of research into the coexistence of these conditions currently. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence and coexistence of MSFSO among older adults in different community settings, to identify potential associated factors, and to examine its associations with mortality, QOL and contacts with health and social care professionals (HSCPs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were retrieved from a prospective cohort study, recruiting older adults (≥60 years of age) from community settings. Baseline characteristics from two settings, general practice (GP) and intermediate care (IC), were analyzed in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>347 participants were analyzed (57% females, mean age 77 ± 9 years, mean body mass index 25.8 ± 5.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), with 52% from GP and 48% from IC. The prevalence rates were 21.6% for malnutrition, 50.1% for sarcopenia, 49.3% for frailty, and 12.1% for sarcopenic obesity. More than half of the subjects (53.8%) experienced at least one of the above conditions, with 4 participants (1.3%) suffering from all four conditions simultaneously. The IC cohort was older and had a poorer health status compared to the GP population, resulting in a significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition (41.5% vs. 7.9%, <em>P</em> < 0.001), sarcopenia (85.7% vs. 16.8%, <em>P</em> < 0.001), frailty (91.1% vs. 10.0%, <em>P</em> < 0.001), sarcopenic obesity (17.9% vs. 7.3%, <em>P</em> = 0.006) and coexisting MSFSO (83.7% vs. 12.4%, <em>P</em> < 0.001). In addition, strong associations were observed between higher coexistence of MSFSO conditions and participants from the IC setting (IRR 4.12, 95%CI 3.06–5.56, <em>P</em> < 0.001) or with more comorbidities (IRR 1.55, 95%CI 1.13–2.12, <em>P</em> = 0.007). The majority of participants (90.3%, <em>P</em> < 0.001) who subsequently died during the study had at least two conditions of MSFSO. Subjects with coexistence of MSFSO also had poorer perceived QOL (EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale: none vs. ≥2 conditions = 85 scores vs. 56 scores, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and generally more contacts with HSCPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Coexistence of MSFSO was associated with a greater risk of mortality, a poorer perceived QOL and an increased contact with health and social care services. Furthermore, people in the IC setting or with more comorbidities were more likely to experience a higher coexistence of MSFSO. The differences in characteristics and MSFSO prevalence rates bet","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 26-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aglutenic cupcakes for gastro-intestinal symptoms and hematological indices in diagnosed celiac children –A randomized trial","authors":"Shaista Jabeen ,&nbsp;Azmat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fundamental adherence to gluten-free diet can improve gastrointestinal symptoms. Substitution of wheat should be done in order to fulfil gluten-free criteria and nutrient density.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of gluten free cupcakes formulated by substitution of low FODMAP foods.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Random parallel assignment was adopted (1b).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12 weeks efficacy trial was conducted on children of age 3–8 years, and were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 35 in each group). Gluten free cupcakes group was provided with gluten-free flour blend cupcakes (35 g), while placebo group was provided with rice flour-based cupcakes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weight was significantly increased in both placebo (13.7 ± 4.8 to 14.5 ± 4.4) and gluten free (13.6 ± 4.6 to 15.4 ± 4.6) groups. Mid upper arm circumference was significantly increased in gluten free group only (15.3 ± 3 to 15.5 ± 3). Abdominal pain was reduced to 38.7% from 6.5% (absent) in the placebo group compared to gluten free group 15.2%–33.3% (absent), while diarrhea was reduced to 33.3% from 27.3%. Serum platelets were significantly reduced in gluten free cupcake group (GFC) from 308.4 ± 39.5 to 300.3 ± 38.7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Tissue trans-glutaminase antibody (tTg-IgA) was significantly reduced from 148 ± 51 to 127 ± 31.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Formulated gluten-free cupcakes are found to be effective in improving gastrointestinal symptoms and anthropometrics in patients with celiac disease.</div></div><div><h3>ClinicalTrials.gov PRS</h3><div>Record Summary NCT06359613.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of age on change in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps is remarkable in older inpatients aged 85 and over","authors":"Naoki Akazawa ,&nbsp;Keita Funai ,&nbsp;Toshikazu Hino ,&nbsp;Wataru Tamura ,&nbsp;Kimiyuki Tamura ,&nbsp;Akemi Hioka ,&nbsp;Yasushi Uchiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the influence of age on change in intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 191 older inpatients (aged ≥65 years). We divided the participants into the following three age groups: 65–74 years (n = 29), 75–84 years (n = 80), and ≥85-years (n = 82). Intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps was assessed based on quadriceps echo intensity. Greater intramuscular adipose tissue was indicated by higher echo intensity. The change in quadriceps echo intensity was calculated by subtracting this baseline value from the value at discharge. For comparing the changes in quadriceps echo intensity among the three groups, analysis of covariance adjusted for confounding factors was conducted. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine whether age was independently and significantly related to changes in quadriceps echo intensity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Change in quadriceps echo intensity of the aged ≥85-year group (−0.4 ± 12.1 [a.u.]) was significantly higher than that of the 65–74-year group (−6.4 ± 15.0 [a.u.]). Age was significantly and independently related to change in quadriceps echo intensity (β = 0.148, <em>P</em> = 0.036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study indicate that higher age in older inpatients may negatively affect the decrease of intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps. Especially, this trend is observed in older inpatients aged 85 and over.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could micronutrients influence levels of TNF-α expression? A nutrigenomics study through 8-WEEK dietary intervention","authors":"Isabelle Mello Schineider ,&nbsp;Natália Yumi Noronha ,&nbsp;Luzânia dos Santos Martins ,&nbsp;Vanessa Aparecida Batista Pereira ,&nbsp;Heitor Bernardes Pereira Delfino ,&nbsp;Rafael Fernandes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel ,&nbsp;Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Carla Barbosa Nonino","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the pathogenesis of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Nutrient intake can increase anti-inflammatory mechanisms by modulation of immune response.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the impact of a hypocaloric diet on the gene expression of inflammatory markers and correlate it with nutritional variables to identify important factors in the modulation of inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>20 women were evaluated and divided into 2 groups: Intervention Group IG (n=10), with women with grade III obesity. They received a hypocaloric diet for 8 weeks. The Total Energy Intake (TEI) was determined by subtracting 30% of the participants' Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) calculated through inderect calorimetry for each patient. The distribution of macronutrients was 55%–60% of the TEI of carbohydrates, 20%–25% of the TEI of total fat, and 15%–20% of the TEI of proteins. The micronutrients intake was determined by the Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) according to age and sex. Control Group CG (n=10), with non-obese women. Nutritional assessment consisted of anthropometric parameters, body composition measurements, biochemical markers, and food intake. Gene expression analysis was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After the diet, the following variables decreased in IG: weight, BMI, fat mass, HDL-c, triglycerides, and <em>TNF-α</em> gene expression. Also, <em>TNF-α</em> gene expression was negatively correlated with omega-3, omega-6, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The hypocaloric diet over 8 weeks had a positive impact on anthropometric, biochemical, body composition, and gene expression parameters. Furthermore, the evaluated nutrients were correlated with the expression of <em>TNF-α</em>, showing the importance of diet in obesity treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nutrition in critical illness survivors: Why gaining a grip matters”","authors":"Elisabeth De Waele ,&nbsp;Zenzi Rosseel","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this viewpoint, we explore the challenges and opportunities in nutritional therapy for patients in the post-ICU recovery phase. The complexity of metabolic alterations and organ dysfunction in critical illness highlights the need for individualized nutritional strategies. Current approaches to protein and energy dosing remain generalized, indicating a lack of phenotyping and endotyping. The transition from critical illness to recovery is a gradual process, with patients often spending extended periods in hospital wards after ICU discharge. We identify this post-ICU period as a crucial anabolic window for muscle regeneration and rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of clear guidance and strong evidence for nutritional therapy in post-ICU patients. Large studies and RCT's that investigate nutritional adequacy and the necessary follow-up are lacking. We call for dedicated research to develop intelligent approaches to post-ICU nutrition, leveraging new technologies including artificial intelligence, wearables and collaborative tools. Multidisciplinary teams are a key component in the post ICU recovery while the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing these challenges is clear. The incorporation of economic considerations in developing nutritional care strategies is important, as is the need for smart implementation strategies to improve nutritional care for ICU survivors. Enhanced care for ICU survivors could improve nutrition adequacy and with that decrease the incidence of malnutrition with lower readmissions and infections rates resulting in a lower economic burden. The focus in this article is the post ICU period but the rehabilitation period after discharge should not be overlooked. Finally, we conclude that through these efforts, we can significantly enhance the recovery and outcomes of patients transitioning from critical illness to rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An open-label clinical trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of a bone broth diet on weight loss in adults with obesity","authors":"Katarina M. Doma,&nbsp;Marc Moulin,&nbsp;Huda Al-Wahsh,&nbsp;Najla Guthrie,&nbsp;David C. Crowley,&nbsp;Erin D. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Over 40% of North American adults are obese and with rates increasing, an already significant public health concern is expected to get worse. Modifiable risk factors such as poor dietary habits represent an opportunity for targeted change. The Bone Broth Diet (BBD) combines the consumption of bone broth, portion-controlled, low carbohydrate and high protein meals, intermittent fasting, and exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This open-label, single-arm clinical trial investigated the safety and efficacy of the BBD on weight loss in adults with obesity between 35–65 years old. Participants (n = 100) completed two, 3-week periods of 5:2 intermittent fasting (BBD 1 and 2), while consuming bone broth, for which each period was followed by a one-week maintenance period. Body weight, body composition, anthropometrics, metabolic blood markers, satiety and hunger, quality of life, and safety were assessed over the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were respective decreases of 4.8 kg and 2.6 kg in body weight after BBD 1 and 2 which corresponded to 5.0% and 2.7% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), respectively. Both BBD phases were followed by periods of weight maintenance. These improvements corresponded with decreases in fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, and sagittal abdominal diameter (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.005). There were decreases in hunger and cravings (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) with no reduction in satisfaction after eating over the study period (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The BBD was safe and tolerated in the studied population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The BBD showed safe, statistically significant and clinically relevant weight loss with corresponding improvements in cardiometabolic and psychological health outcomes in a population of adults with obesity who were otherwise healthy. Findings suggest this lifestyle program may aid in addressing an important public health concern. However, future randomized controlled trials of longer duration are recommended to verify and understand the sustainability of results.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>This study is registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT05740670).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 282-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among menopausal women","authors":"Oiendrila Baroi,&nbsp;Md Monir Hossain Shimul,&nbsp;Mare- Cha,&nbsp;Salamat Khandker","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds and aims</h3><div>Menopausal women experience physiological and psychological challenges, with depression being a prevalent concern. Dietary intake has been linked to mental health outcomes, yet evidence from low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, remains limited. This study was carried out to find out the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among menopausal women from two distinct socioeconomic groups in Dhaka.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study of 310 menopausal women in Dhaka was conducted using systematic random sampling from July 2024 to October 2024. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Chi-square tests and confidence interval were performed to assess associations between variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant socioeconomic disparities were observed between selected groups (housing society and slum residents). Housing society residents had greater access to nutrient-rich foods, consuming fruits daily (94.83% vs. 0%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and milk weekly (46.45% vs. 1.93%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, slum residents had a higher intake of leafy vegetables (77.41% vs. 54.19%, <em>P</em> = 0.011) and Pangus fish (69.03% vs. 27.74%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Meal skipping was more frequent among slum dwellers (49.02% vs. 20.64%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Severe depression was significantly higher in slum residents (47.74% vs. 36.12%, <em>P</em> = 0.038), and moderate depression followed a similar trend (39.35% vs. 29.03%, <em>P</em> = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Socioeconomic status significantly influences dietary intake and depressive symptoms among menopausal women in Bangladesh. Nutritional education and mental health services may be initiated for slum dwellers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are ultra-processed plant-based meats better than the alternative?","authors":"Michael Greger","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies link high consumption of ultra-processed foods to increased risks of a variety of adverse health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. However, these associations appear to be driven largely by sweetened beverages and processed meats, raising the possibility that plant-based meats (PBM) could ironically offer a solution to the ultra-processed foods problem. Unlike other ultra-processed foods, PBM rated as healthier than the foods they are intended to substitute and similarly countervail other negative criteria typical of ultra-processed products. Compared with PBM, conventional meat has the inferior nutrient profile, higher calorie density, and more missing phytonutrients, and results in less satiety and more weight gain, gut dysbiosis, and oxidative stress. With PBM, insulin resistance and inflammation outcomes are similar or superior to meat, depending on the PBM tested, and heat-induced toxins and harmful additives depend on the chemicals in question. Other advantages of PBM include lower potential cancer risk and enhanced food safety. The lowering of LDL cholesterol from the partial replacement of meat with PBM could alone potentially save thousands of lives a year in the United States and billions of healthcare dollars. Whole plant foods fare even better, but PBM appear to be the rare ultra-processed exception in that they are preferable to the foods they were designed to replace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urolithin A supplementation to improve endothelial and cerebrovascular function in middle-aged adults with obesity: Study protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study","authors":"Ana Clara da C. Pinaffi-Langley ,&nbsp;Camila B. Pinto ,&nbsp;Zsofia Szarvas ,&nbsp;Anna Peterfi ,&nbsp;Zalan Kaposzta ,&nbsp;Peter Mukli ,&nbsp;Mihaly Muranyi ,&nbsp;Cameron D. Owens ,&nbsp;Cheryl Adams ,&nbsp;Ali Shahriari ,&nbsp;Henry Kinnard Jr. ,&nbsp;Bryan Ticer ,&nbsp;Leah Anderson ,&nbsp;Stefano Tarantini ,&nbsp;Yan Daniel Zhao ,&nbsp;Norman G. Hord ,&nbsp;Andriy Yabluchanskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Obesity-related mitochondrial dysfunction initiates and exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, which in turn contributes to the development of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. Urolithin A (UroA) is a polyphenol-derived microbial metabolite with mitophagy activator activity. Although the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effects of UroA supplementation on muscle health have been investigated in humans, its potential to mitigate endothelial dysfunction in obese adults remains unknown. Thus, this protocol details the procedures of a study designed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of UroA supplementation on endothelial and cerebrovascular function in middle-aged adults with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, parallel interventional trial. Eligible participants are between 40–64 years old and have a BMI ≥30 kg/m². Enrolled participants are randomized to receive active (1,000 mg of UroA daily) or control (placebo) intervention for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, they undergo peripheral micro- and macrovascular endothelial function and cerebrovascular function assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We expect that those who receive UroA supplementation will have a significant improvement in endothelial and cerebrovascular function compared with those who receive placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this trial will provide important insights into the effect of UroA on endothelial dysfunction in adults with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>This study was prospectively registered at <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> on June 26, 2023 (NCT05921266).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 217-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status and intestinal parasitism determinants of cognitive performance among secondary school students in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Uzochukwu G. Ekeleme,&nbsp;Uchechukwu M. Chukwuocha,&nbsp;Christopher Chike A. Okereke,&nbsp;Chidinma O. Akanazu,&nbsp;Queeneth C. Onuoha,&nbsp;Ijeoma G. Chukwuemeka,&nbsp;Chiamaka C. Ogujiuba,&nbsp;Chigozie C. Ukachukwu,&nbsp;Chinwendu L. Opara,&nbsp;Amarachi B. Nwokoro","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Adolescents represent a critical population in public health research because their well-being has significant implications for future societal outcomes. This study focuses on the nutritional status and intestinal parasitism determinants of cognitive performance among secondary school students in South-East Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was used involving 481 secondary school students in five states in southeastern Nigeria. The sample included both middle and upper secondary school students from different socioeconomic backgrounds and school types. Data collection included administration of a comprehensive questionnaire, taking anthropometric measurements, assessing nutritional status using WHO-recommended Z-scores, and assessing cognitive performance through continuous assessment tests. The parasites were identified by their morphology with reference to the Cheesbrough parasitological manual. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and Quantitative Parasitological Software version 3.0. The results showed a prevalence rate of 46.4% for intestinal parasites, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common (50.5%). The association between intestinal parasites and cognitive performance was significant in students infected with &lt;em&gt;Ascaris lumbricoides&lt;/em&gt; (50.2), hookworm (52.5), &lt;em&gt;Hymenolepis nana&lt;/em&gt; (45.5) and co-infection with Ascaris hookworm (41.2) who had extremely low IQs. Assessment of nutritional status revealed that 21.2% of students were malnourished, and assessment of cognitive performance revealed a significant association between age (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.00164) and gender (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.000891) with IQ categories. Among the age groups, 16–18 year olds had the highest scores at 41.18% and fell under ∖“Extremely Low IQ∖”, the age group &gt; 19 was below ∖“Borderline∖” at 50%, a higher percentage of men were under ∖\" “Borderline IQ” (47.27%), while a larger proportion of women were classified as “extremely low” (29.91%). The students' eating habits showed that 75.5% reported regular daily food consumption, while 24.5% had irregular eating habits. Most students (67.5%) had normal nutritional status (−2 ≤ Z ≤+1), with males (65%) slightly outnumbering females (35%), and the highest prevalence among 16–18-year-olds (36%). Overweight students (+1 &lt; Z ≤ +2) comprised 15%, with a similar prevalence among males (22%) and females (15%), and the highest prevalence also in the 16–18-year age group (36%). The relationship between dietary habits and cognitive performance revealed that regular meals per day had a statistically significant association with cognitive performance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007), frequency of consumption of fruits (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.0378), fried foods (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.028) and of daily water intake (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.005) also showed significant relationships with cognitive output. These results provide valuable insights into the health and well-being of secondary school students in southeastern Nigeria ","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 200-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}