Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"There was an association between sulfur microbial diet score and ulcerative colitis severity: the result of a cross-sectional study","authors":"Zeinab Nikniaz ,&nbsp;Reza Mahdavi ,&nbsp;Zahra Bakhtiari ,&nbsp;Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Considering the pivotal role of diet and microbiome in modulating the disease's severity and progression in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), we performed a cross-sectional study to elucidate the link between the Sulfur microbial diet (SMD) score and the clinical course of UC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>158 patients with UC were enrolled. An expert gastroenterologist reported the disease severity using the Mayo score. An expert nutritionist recorded the amount and frequency of intake of 168 food items by the valid Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The method introduced by Nguyen et al. was used to calculate SMD score. The association between disease severity and adapted SMD score was analyzed by the logistic regression adjusting for dietary factors, demographic values, and lifestyle factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 42.52 ± 12.61 years old and there were no significant differences in baseline information of patients in different adapted SMD score tertiles except for protein intake. There were significant differences in dietary intake of all components across the tertile of the adapted SMD score except for processed meat (p = 0.97). In the fully adjusted model, the odds of severe disease were 4.29 times higher in the patients in the third tertile of the adapted SMD score compared with the first tertile (OR: 4.29, 95 %CI: 1.42, 12.91).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The higher score of adapted SMD was associated with higher severity of UC. However, due to the limitations of this study, more longitudinal and clinical trials considering the different confounders should be undertaken to improve this conclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting and body Composition: Insights from the Iranian National obesity registry (IRNOR)","authors":"Niloufar Abdollahpour ,&nbsp;Najmeh Seifi ,&nbsp;Mina Nosrati ,&nbsp;Habibollah Esmaily ,&nbsp;Pardis mohammadyfard ,&nbsp;Mahsa Amarlou ,&nbsp;Ali Ebrahimi Dabagh ,&nbsp;Gordon A. Ferns ,&nbsp;Maryam Alinezhad-Namaghi ,&nbsp;Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global rise of adiposity has increased interest in novel dietary approaches such as 5:2 intermittent fasting (IF) for health management. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 12-week 5:2 IF on both traditional and novel body composition metrics in individuals with overweight and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data for this12-week longitudinal cohort study was extracted from the electronic database of the Iranian National Obesity Registry (IRNOR). According to data provided by IRNOR, adults with overweight or obesity were compared based on adherence to either 5:2 IF or a daily calorie restriction (CR) program. The 5:2 IF group consumed 500–600 kcal on fasting days and an isocaloric diet on non-fasting days, while the CR group reduced their calorie intake by 500–1000 kcal per day.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 102 participants (mean age 36.75 ± 12.25 years) were included. Over 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant reductions in weight, body circumference, and fat metrics, including visceral fat area (P &lt; 0.05). The IF group, despite a non-significant smaller reduction in total calorie intake, achieved 1 kg greater weight loss than the CR group (−525.33 ± 831.01 vs. −506.23 ± 763.24, P = 0.08). In contrast to the CR group, the 5:2 IF did not show a significant reduction in body cell mass, fat free-mass index, extracellular water-to-total body water, and phase angle over time (P &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 5:2 IF may better preserve cellular structure and hydration balance, achieving clinically significant weight loss. Given its comparable efficacy, it may be a viable alternative. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 200316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Langg JZ-08 on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia: A randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Xiaokang Niu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ran Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Yao ,&nbsp;Yue Sang ,&nbsp;Bing Fang ,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Liwei Liu ,&nbsp;Langrun Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Li ,&nbsp;Meiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Hong Cui ,&nbsp;Yinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing He","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially for individuals with obesity. Probiotics have been studied for their potential lipid-lowering properties, but the evidence in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia is limited. For trial feasibility purposes, this study explored the effects of <em>Bifidobacterium animalis</em> subsp. <em>lactis</em> Langg JZ-08 (Langg JZ-08) on lipid metabolism in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 40 individuals (7 males and 13 females in the placebo group, 10 males and 10 females in the probiotic group) with obesity and dyslipidemia, aged 18–65 years consumed daily probiotics (5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day Langg JZ-08) or placebo for 12 weeks. Body composition, blood lipids, markers of glycometabolism, antioxidants, and inflammation were measured before and after the intervention. Langg JZ-08 consumption significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.01), body fat percentage (<em>P</em> = 0.01), visceral fat area (<em>P</em> = 0.04), serum insulin (<em>P</em> = 0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (<em>P</em> = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to the baseline. The decrease in total cholesterol was significantly greater in the probiotic group than in the placebo group after 12 weeks of intervention (<em>P</em> = 0.04). After the intervention, the serum superoxide dismutase, GPX and T-AOC levels were significantly higher in the Langg JZ-08 group than that of the placebo group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There were no significant inter- and intra-group differences in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist, hip, and fasting blood glucose after the intervention. 12-week Langg JZ-08 intervention improved lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in individuals with obesity and dyslipidemia. This pilot trial supports the feasibility of a larger scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of Langg JZ-08 on obesity with dyslipidemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nutritional risk screening tools for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Rao Xin,&nbsp;Fan Lin,&nbsp;Guo Chaoqun,&nbsp;Zou Changlian,&nbsp;Chen Xiaoyan,&nbsp;He Ting,&nbsp;Wu Chuntao,&nbsp;Zhao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Object</h3><div>With the intensification of the global aging population trend and changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, and it has become a major global public health problem. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor that affects the clinical outcomes, quality of life, and physical functions of inpatients with T2DM, and nutritional risk is the potential precursor state of malnutrition. Early nutritional risk screening and assessment for inpatients with T2DM is crucial for the timely initiation of adequate nutritional support. Through the precise identification of the nutritional risk and nutritional status of patients, their clinical development trajectory can be predicted, and the positive impact of nutritional management and treatment can be clarified. Currently, there are various nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, but each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and scope of application. Therefore, this article reviews the commonly used nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, compares the screening and assessment contents, advantages and disadvantages, and scope of application of different tools, in order to provide references for the early prevention and treatment of patients and the implementation of individualized and standardized nutritional management pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro fermentation of whole matrix, digested products and β-glucan enriched extract of Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms distinctively impact the fecal microbiota of healthy older adults","authors":"Evangelia N. Kerezoudi ,&nbsp;Marigoula Vlassopoulou ,&nbsp;Evdokia K. Mitsou ,&nbsp;Georgia Saxami ,&nbsp;Georgios Koutrotsios ,&nbsp;Ioanna Taflampa ,&nbsp;Konstantinos C. Mountzouris ,&nbsp;Ignacio Rangel ,&nbsp;Robert J. Brummer ,&nbsp;Georgios I. Zervakis ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Pletsa ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Georgiadis ,&nbsp;Adamantini Kyriacou","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> (PE), an edible mushroom rich in bioactive compounds, has been shown to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, antihepatotoxic and hypolipidemic activities, all important for the well-being of the ageing population. This study assessed <em>in vitro</em> the prebiotic-like effects of multiple forms of this mushroom. An <em>in vitro</em> static batch fermentation was performed for 24 h with faecal inocula from five apparently healthy older adults in the presence of the following PE forms: whole food matrix (PEWS), <em>in vitro</em> digested (PEWSD) and rich in <em>β</em>-glucans extract (PEWSE). The changes in bacterial communities upon fermentation at family, genera and species level were detected via 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing and Quantitative real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified using gas chromatography (GC), whereas other metabolites were analysed through ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). DEseq2 analysis indicated that PEWS presence exhibited the largest impact on faecal microbial families' and genera's abundance compared to negative (non-carbon source) and positive (inulin) controls. Only PEWS significantly increased <em>Bifidobacterium</em> spp. and <em>F. prausnitzii</em> populations, while all three forms robustly increased <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. levels and levels of butyrate, acetate and propionate acids. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effect of PE on intestinal health of older adults supporting its potential incorporation into innovative functional foods. However, additional <em>in vivo</em> studies are required to substantiate these findings before translating them into dietary guidelines or clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of food components on cytochrome P450 expression and activity","authors":"Ruoyao Sang,&nbsp;Wenzhao Jiang,&nbsp;Cai Zhang,&nbsp;Runting Yin,&nbsp;Zhen Ouyang,&nbsp;Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of enzymes within the hemoglobin superfamily that play a crucial role in drug metabolism. CYP activity and expression exhibit considerable individual variability. In addition to genetic factors, extrinsic influences, such as food, can affect their activity and/or expression, thereby impacting the efficacy and adverse effects of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. As food variety and diversity in dietary patterns increase, food has become an increasingly significant factor in drug metabolism. This review, summarizes the effects of various foods on the activity and expression of major CYP subtypes involved in drug metabolism, offering new insights into food-drug interactions and providing references for the safe clinical use of edible and medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of dietary modifications and gut dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Meenakshi Vachher ,&nbsp;Kohinoor Kaur ,&nbsp;Manisha Marothia ,&nbsp;Archana Burman ,&nbsp;Deepanjana ,&nbsp;Savita Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health concern and economic burden worldwide. Approximately one-third of the total population is affected by NAFLD. The more aggressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. NAFLD is multifactorial in origin and the gut microbiota dysregulation is one of the key features of NAFLD. Dietary alterations or nutritional interventions have a huge impact on gut microbiota composition and functions. An association between the type of diet, altered gut microbiota, and NAFLD is now being appreciated. The gut dysbiosis characterized by the changes in gut microbiota composition and its metabolites contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD through multiple mechanisms. The gut dysbiosis affects the intestinal permeability by generating endogenous ethanol, increased level of toxins such as lipopolysaccharides, and also influences the amino acid metabolism particularly tryptophan which activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting hepatic inflammation. Altered microbial composition also disturbs the bile acids homeostasis which affects the energy balance and lipid metabolism through signaling via bile acid receptors. Therefore gut microbiota profiling in NAFLD patients may provide valuable information in predicting disease severity. Also, finding the key metabolites and markers of gut dysbiosis and their role in the pathogenesis of liver disease might prove helpful in designing novel and effective therapies for NAFLD. The present review succinctly summarizes gut dysbiosis triggered by various dietary factors especially macronutrients including proteins, fats and carbohydrates leading to the development and progression of NAFLD. We also address the gaps in the present studies as well as future prospects of manipulating gut microbiota for improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications in NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest trends on interplay of autophagy, adipose tissue, and gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic disorders","authors":"Claudette Butoyi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asad Iqbal ,&nbsp;Isaac Duah Boateng","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of review</h3><div>This review aims to synthesize current research on the intricate relationships among visceral obesity (VO), autophagy (Atg), gut microbiota, and adipose tissue dysfunction, all of which contribute significantly to insulin resistance (IR) and associated metabolic disorders. Specifically, it seeks to identify key mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Contemporary investigations have established VO as a principal etiological factor in diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for a substantial proportion of global metabolic disease incidence. Notable discoveries include: (1) the nuanced role of Atg in adipose tissue homeostasis, wherein tissue-specific aberrations, such as diminished ATG5 expression in visceral adipose tissue, exacerbate IR. Conversely, pharmacologically induced Atg, exemplified by rapamycin administration, enhances insulin sensitivity by 15–25 % in rodent models. (2) Alterations in gut microbial composition, characterized by a 40 % decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, correlate with elevated visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation in human studies has demonstrated restoration of microbial diversity, resulting in a 12 % reduction in hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients; (3) adipose tissue macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype, evidenced by a 2-3-fold elevation in TNF-α levels in VO, which precipitates metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The interactive network involving Atg, gut microbiota, and adipose tissue represents a pivotal axis in the development of metabolic diseases. While interventions targeting Atg and microbiota modulation demonstrate potential, inconsistent outcomes, such as the variable efficacy of probiotic therapies, underscore the context-dependent nature of these mechanisms. Existing therapeutic approaches, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and bariatric surgery, address adiposity but require more targeted approaches. Future research should prioritize elucidating tissue-specific Atg regulation and developing personalized microbiota-based therapies to manage the complex pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","authors":"Abdul-Malik Bawah ,&nbsp;Kasim Abdulai ,&nbsp;Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance, and is a significant contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), focusing on dietary changes that reduce hepatic fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate metabolic markers, is increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic approach for NAFLD management.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study assessed the therapeutic potential of MNT in NAFLD patients, focusing on its effects on liver function, metabolic health, and inflammation. Additionally, it examined how educational level and occupation, as components of socioeconomic status, influence MNT effectiveness.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cohort of 200 NAFLD patients was recruited from Tamale Teaching Hospital, Central Hospital, Tamale West Hospital, and Dagbang Medical Centre and randomly assigned to either an MNT intervention group or a &lt;strong&gt;control group receiving standard care, which included general dietary recommendations without structured MNT, routine medical follow-up, and lifestyle advice from healthcare providers.&lt;/strong&gt; Over a 12-month period, patients in the intervention group received personalized MNT, emphasizing a balanced diet, low glycemic index foods, and limited saturated fat intake. Key clinical data, including liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT), metabolic markers (BMI, weight, fasting glucose, lipid profile), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), were collected at baseline and after 12 months. Regression analysis with interaction terms assessed the impact of educational level and occupational type on MNT outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The MNT intervention group showed significant improvements in liver function tests (ALT and AST decreased by 25 % on average, p &lt; 0.01) and metabolic markers (BMI reduced by 3 %, p &lt; 0.01). Inflammatory markers also improved, with CRP and TNF-α levels decreasing significantly compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). &lt;strong&gt;In contrast, the control group exhibited only minimal changes in these parameters, with non-significant reductions in ALT, AST, BMI, and inflammatory markers (p &gt; 0.05), reinforcing the added benefit of structured MNT over general dietary advice.&lt;/strong&gt; Higher educational levels and occupations with greater health literacy were independently associated with enhanced outcomes, suggesting that these socio-demographic factors moderated MNT's effectiveness. &lt;strong&gt;Therefore, integrating MNT into NAFLD treatment guidelines, enhancing health provider training, expanding access, and prioritizing public education will improve outcomes and prevent disease progression.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;MNT effectively manages and provides superior be","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations and interactions of clinical and genetic variables for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mexican population","authors":"C.M. Martínez-Lara ,&nbsp;L. Casas-Avila ,&nbsp;M.L. Ramos-García ,&nbsp;C. Castro-Hernández ,&nbsp;D.A. Salazar-Piña ,&nbsp;A. Hidalgo-Bravo ,&nbsp;A.I. Barrera-Molina ,&nbsp;O.C. Martínez- Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).</div><div>It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide and involves non-modifiable (genetic risk variants) and modifiable factors (BMI, triglycerides and cholesterol).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 199 subjects with T2DM and 213 subjects without T2DM, both groups of the Mexican population. Genotyping was determined using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. We determined the associations and interactions of clinical and genetic variables for T2DM in the Mexican population using Multifactor-Dimensionality Reduction (MDR; Version 3.0.2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The polymorphisms showed a strong association with the risk of suffering from T2DM when they occur additively and the interaction between clinical and genetic variables explains much of the weight of both factors in the etiology of the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The associations and interactions show that, regarding the risk of T2DM in this population, the most crucial is a BMI &gt;24.9 kg/m², followed by triglycerides &gt;150 mg/dL and cholesterol &lt;200 mg/dL; after this, ranked in importance for the risk of T2DM, are genetic polymorphisms in <em>LEP</em>, <em>LEPR</em>, <em>FTO</em>, and <em>ADIPOQ</em> in Mexican population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}