Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of thyme infused green coffee on human subjects","authors":"Richa Ghai ,&nbsp;Shubhra Saraswat","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia are the primary cause of heart diseases and death in most developed countries. Herbs have the clinical ability to improve cardiovascular health. Green coffee (Coffee Arabica) and thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) have proved to have lowering effects on cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar levels and anthropometric measurements.</p></div><div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><p>The present study was conducted to assess the anti hyperlipidaemic effect of thyme infused green coffee on human subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>An oral ingestion of thyme infused green coffee in hot water was given in the form of beverage for 90 days. Different biochemical indices were assessed to check the efficiency of thyme infused green coffee on human subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Repeated administration of the combination of thyme and green coffee showed statistically significant decrease in weight, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and triglycerides.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Marked variations in triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and anthropometric measurements of human subjects are indicative of effectiveness of thyme infused green coffee. Continuous intake of this combination may hence prove to be beneficial to the body.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49868091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI-for-age z-score and psychological distress associated with disordered eating: A comparative study among Indonesian and Malaysian urban female adolescents","authors":"Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Ishak ,&nbsp;Yit Siew Chin ,&nbsp;Chee Wee Tay ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur Hasan Syah ,&nbsp;Dian Luthfiana Sufyan","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrition transition and globalization have affected the diet and body composition of all life stages including adolescents. This study aims to compare body weight status, psychological distress and disordered eating (DE), and to compare the association between BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and psychological distress with DE among Indonesian and Malaysian urban female adolescents. The adolescents’ weight and height were measured and a self-administered questionnaire was completed by each adolescent. A total of 713 girls (Indonesia = 47.8%, Malaysia = 52.2%), aged 12–19 years from Bekasi, Indonesia and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, participated in this study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was not significantly different between Indonesian and Malaysian girls (18.2% vs 21.2%). Malaysian girls have a significantly higher prevalence of DE (23.9% vs 3.2%), depression (51.9% vs 26.1%), and stress (41.7% vs 29.6%) than Indonesian girls. However, the prevalence of anxiety in Indonesian girls was significantly higher compared to Malaysian girls (77.7% vs 66.4%). For Indonesian girls, BAZ and stress were significantly positive associated with DE, dieting, and bulimia and food preoccupation. For Malaysian girls, BAZ, anxiety and stress were significantly positive associated with DE. BAZ and stress were significantly positive associated with dieting. Depression and anxiety were significantly and positively associated with bulimia and food preoccupation. For both Indonesian and Malaysian girls, stress was significantly positive associated with oral control. Therefore, future intervention programme on promoting healthy eating among female adolescents should consider the psychological well-being component.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49868143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake and diversity among children of age 6–59 months in lowland and highland areas in Kilosa District in Morogoro, Tanzania","authors":"J.D. Mrema ,&nbsp;C.N. Nyaruhucha ,&nbsp;A.W. Mwanri","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure children's growth, health, and development to their full potential. Geographical area may influence dietary intake and, hence, the population's nutritional status. This study aimed to assess dietary intake among children aged 6–59 months in the lowland and highland areas in the Kilosa District, Morogoro. A cross-sectional study involved 200 randomly selected households from the lowland and 141 in the highland areas. Socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices, and 24-h dietary recall information were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. In assessing dietary intake, a single day 24-h dietary recall was used where a mother/care giver was asked to recall foods and beverages fed to the child in the 24 h prior to the interview. Mean daily nutrient intake (calorie, vitamin A, iron, calcium and zinc) were estimated using NutriSurvey version 2007 with food database from Tanzania Food composition table. Furthermore, Dietary Diversity Score was done by grouping the mentioned foods into the seven main food groups which are grains, roots and tubers; legumes and nuts; Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruits and vegetable; dairy products; and flesh foods and eggs. For each food group consumed, a score of one was assigned and a zero score for the non-consumed group. Inadequate intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron were observed more in younger children of age 6–12 months, where none of them met the RDA in both areas. There was a significant difference only in fat intake in children aged 12–36 months between the lowland and highland areas. Children who reside in the lowland area had a significantly more diversified diet. Nutrition education with promotion of home gardening and keeping small animals is necessary to ensure household food availability which subsequently will facilitate dietary diversification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49868145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of esculin as a therapeutic modality in diabetes mellitus and its complications","authors":"Nida Naseem ,&nbsp;Md. Fahim Ahmad ,&nbsp;Nazia Imam ,&nbsp;Haseeb Ahsan ,&nbsp;Waseem A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The available medications for diabetes mellitus (DM) are not sufficient to reverse the pathophysiological abnormalities and complications associated with the disease. Considering the undesirable side-effects linked to existing anti-diabetic drugs, there is a paradigm shift towards natural substances for the management and treatment of DM. Plant products such as secondary metabolites or bioactive phytoconstituents are a remarkable source of natural medicines used in ameliorating various diseases, including diabetes. This review article focuses on a natural compound esculin, a coumarin derivative, which possesses multiple biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, analgesic, diuretic, anti-coagulative, anti-apoptotic and anti-depressive. It could be a possible candidate as a therapeutic agent in ameliorating diabetes and its complications. Although studies related to the pharmacodynamics of esculin are limited and not fully understood, the anti-diabetic properties of esculin could be exploited as an alternative treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) either in combination therapy in integrative medicine or as a natural anti-diabetic medicine. However, comprehensive chemical and pharmacological studies are required to validate the available data on esculin from both in vivo and in vitro studies before it can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49901481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snacking and weight status in Malaysian Chinese primary school children","authors":"Shu Hwa Ong ,&nbsp;Kanimolli Arasu ,&nbsp;Den Yen Leow ,&nbsp;Jia Xin Lim ,&nbsp;Wai Yew Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The exponential increase in childhood obesity poses a global health problem including Malaysia. Increased snacking behaviours could be one of the contributing factors to unhealthy eating habits and excessive energy intake. This study aimed to investigate the influence of snacking pattern (portion, frequency, energy contribution) and preference on the energy intake and weight status among Malaysian Chinese children aged 7–12 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 99 Chinese children (37 boys, 62 girls) with a mean age of 10.4 ± 1.5 years old were recruited from three local primary schools. Weight and height were measured. Snacking behaviours (frequency, portion size, and preference) were assessed using a questionnaire. Two days of 24-h dietary recall were used to assess the children's dietary intake.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most of the children (62.6%) had normal body weight status. Snacking contributed to 23.3% and 21.6% of total daily energy intake on weekdays and weekends respectively. The most preferred snacks were ice cream, yoghurt, and chocolate drinks, whereas the least preferred snacks were syrup, traditional <em>kuih,</em> and breads. There were no significant differences in snacking frequency and portion size by the amount of pocket money given for snacks (Pearson χ² = 1.52, p = 0.47; Pearson χ² = 3.19, p = 0.53, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Education regarding the right choice of snacks is important to ensure better diet quality to optimise children's growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49901484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene and zinc in women with breast cancer submitted to radiotherapy according to prior treatment modality and toxicity","authors":"Cintia Rosa ,&nbsp;Carlos Franca ,&nbsp;Sérgio Lanes ,&nbsp;Antônio Carvalho ,&nbsp;Antônio Penna ,&nbsp;Carla Nogueira ,&nbsp;Mariana Luna ,&nbsp;Andrea Ramalho","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene and zinc in women with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, considering different modalities of previous treatment and toxic effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>longitudinal study in a cohort of women with breast cancer assessed in pre-treatment (T0), 7 (T2) and 120 (T3) days after radiation therapy. Patients were divided into 3 groups, according to treatment modality prior radiation: breast-conserving surgery (G1), chemotherapy (G2) and breast-conserving surgery and chemotherapy (G3). Serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene and zinc was assessed. Presence and degree of toxicity were assessed according to the scale of the RTOG for and RTOG/EORTC for acute and late toxicity, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>230 patients were assessed, mean age of 63.6 (±9.3) years. There was significant reduction in the mean of all micronutrients studied when comparing T0 to T1. At T2, all nutrients increased when compared to T1. For acute toxicity, there was no difference in antioxidant levels according to the degree of toxicity for any of the groups, with the exception of G3, which presented lower serum zinc concentrations in women with a higher degree of acute toxicity. In late toxicity, G1 had lower serum concentrations of retinol and B-carotene, when compared to G2 and G3.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The significant reduction of all micronutrients after radiotherapy, regardless of the type of the previous treatment, reinforces the oxidative impact of radiation and draws attention to the importance of maintaining an adequate nutritional status of antioxidants to improve the prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 200202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49868144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term fasting affects biomarkers of creatine metabolism in healthy men and women","authors":"Marijana Ranisavljev ,&nbsp;Nikola Todorovic ,&nbsp;Jovana Panic ,&nbsp;Bogdan Andjelic ,&nbsp;Milan Vranes ,&nbsp;Sergej M. Ostojic","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied the effects of 24-h fasting on serum levels of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), creatine, and creatinine in 24 non-vegetarian healthy adults. Blood was taken before and following an intervention, with levels corrected for fasting-induced changes in plasma volume. Food abstention induced a significant decrease in serum GAA by 39.5% (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while creatinine levels increased by 14.7% (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01); the concentration of creatine remains unchanged. The reduction in GAA during fasting may indicate an increased demand for creatine production for this energy-demanding condition and/or potential kidney dysfunction which requires further exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 200217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49783522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship among dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and glycemic control markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos ,&nbsp;Vivianne de Sousa Rocha ,&nbsp;Juliana de Souza Oliveira ,&nbsp;Gabrielli Barbosa de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Aline Rocha Reis ,&nbsp;Cynthia Batista Santos ,&nbsp;Beatriz da Cruz Santos ,&nbsp;Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima ,&nbsp;Cinthia Fontes da Silva Santos ,&nbsp;Liliane Viana Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, vitamin D intake, magnesium, and calcium with glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 107 adult with T2DM, residing in the state of Sergipe/Brazil (latitude: 10°), were evaluated for serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, fasting glucose, %HbA1c, insulin, <em>C</em>-peptide, total cholesterol and fractions, homeostasis of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and resistance (HOMA-IR), anthropometry, body composition, and usual food intake. The results were analyzed according to 25(OH)D status (insufficient/deficient &lt;30 ng/mL; adequate ≥30 ng/mL). Mann–Whitney, chi-square, and binary logistic regression tests were performed. <em>P</em>-value&lt;0.05 was considered significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median age and time to T2DM diagnosis were 49 and 5 years, respectively. High inadequacy was observed in the dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium. Higher HOMA-B values were observed in the vitamin D adequate group (p = 0.032) and higher fasting serum glucose concentrations (p = 0.012) and %body fat (p = 0.048) in the insufficient/deficient group, which had a higher chance of elevated serum glucose (odds ratio [OR]:2.937; p = 0.020) and HOMA-IR (OR:2.496; p = 0.045).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor glycemic control and insulin resistance, and these aspects are unrelated to inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 200218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49783521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperuricemia and impaired metabolic profile in community-dwelling older adults: A Bayesian approach","authors":"Rafael da Silva Passos ,&nbsp;Mauro Fernandes Teles ,&nbsp;Ícaro JS. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Ivna Vidal Freire ,&nbsp;Ramon Alves Pires ,&nbsp;Ludmila Schettino ,&nbsp;Alinne Alves Oliveira ,&nbsp;VVerônica Porto de Freitas ,&nbsp;Cezar Augusto Casotti ,&nbsp;Rafael Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serum uric acid (UA) levels have stood out as a candidate for biomarker of several pathological processes, especially from cardiometabolic diseases.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to compare biomarkers of cardiometabolic dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults with normal and high levels of UA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional study including 228 community-dwelling older adults, clinically stratified as with or without hyperuricemia, according the cutoff point of serum uric acid ≥6 mg/dL for women and ≥7 mg/dL for men. Venous blood withdrawal was conducted and used to obtain UA, triglycerides, and glucose levels. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to record height, body mass, and waist circumference. From serum and anthropometric parameters, triglyceride/glucose index (TyG), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were calculated. Linear mixed model analysis was used to determine between-group differences in cardiometabolic parameters (VAI, LAP, and TyG), taking groups as fixed factor and sex, use of hypoglycemiant and hypolipemiant medications as random factors. The Bayesian analysis was conducted to check the magnitude of the evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The community-dwelling older adults with high serum UA exhibited statistically higher values (p &lt; 0.05) of TyG (mean difference = 0.24 [95% CI = 0.39 to 0.90]), VAI (mean difference = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.25 to 1.25]) and LAP (mean difference = 15.56 [95% CI = 3.98 to 27.15]). The Bayesian analysis indicated moderate to strong posterior probabilities favoring the alternative hypothesis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results shed light on the relationship between hyperuricemic state in community-dwelling older adults and adipocyte dysfunction, ectopic lipid deposition, and insulin resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 200191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49870958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of prolonged intermittent fasting on autophagy, inflammasome and senescence genes expressions: An exploratory study in healthy young males","authors":"Zulrahman Erlangga ,&nbsp;Samaneh Khosandam Ghashang ,&nbsp;Imad Hamdan ,&nbsp;Anette Melk ,&nbsp;Christoph Gutenbrunner ,&nbsp;Boya Nugraha","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intermittent fasting (IF) has been associated with longevity and healthspan through autophagy and reduction of inflammation activity. The senescence process is linked with autophagy activity and determines the organ age as chronological age. The effect of prolonged IF on autophagy, inflammasome activity, and senescence needs to be elucidated further. Twenty-five healthy young males were recruited and performed 17–19 h/day fasting for 30 days. Blood samples were collected one week before (TP1), two weeks after the start (TP2), one month after the start (TP3), and one week after the end (TP4) of the IF and extracted to obtain mRNA to determine autophagy (ATG5, ULK1, and BECN1), inflammasome (NLRP3, IL-1 β, ASC, and TNF- α), and senescence (p16INK4A, p21, and P53) marker expression level by qPCR. Prolonged IF induced expression level of ATG5, ULK1 and BECN1 at TP2 but decreased at TP4. The NLRP3 and IL-1β expression level increased at TP2 and TP3, but decreased at TP4. ASC expression level increased at TP2, decreased at TP3 and returned to normal at TP4. Prolonged IF kept reducing TNF-α expression level until TP4. The expression level of p16INK4A and p21 tended to decrease over the time of observation. The expression level of P53 increased at TP2 and TP3 but decreased at TP4. Our study showed that prolonged IF affects the activities of autophagy, inflammasome, and senescence in a time-dependent manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 200189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49902151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}