Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Almond snacking modestly improves diet quality and waist circumference but not psychosocial assessments and other cardiometabolic markers in overweight, middle-aged adults: A randomized, crossover trial","authors":"Vernon Uganiza Rayo ,&nbsp;Lauren Okamoto ,&nbsp;Maricarmen Cervantes ,&nbsp;Mee Young Hong ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Jason ,&nbsp;Mark Kern ,&nbsp;Changqi Liu ,&nbsp;Elise North ,&nbsp;Svitlana Storm ,&nbsp;Oliver C. Witard ,&nbsp;Shirin Hooshmand","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almonds are a plant-based source of lipids, proteins, fibers, micronutrients, and phytochemicals associated with cardiometabolic health benefits. We examined blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, anthropometrics, blood pressure, food cravings, and mood both pre- and post-feeding, using a randomized, crossover design with 26 healthy adults (37±6 y) consuming either ALMOND (57 g/d) or an isocaloric amount of pretzels (CONTROL) for 8 weeks. Almond supplementation was expected to improve all primary outcomes when compared to CONTROL. ALMOND improved diet quality through increased intakes of monounsaturated fat (Δ+58 %), polyunsaturated fat (Δ+24 %), α-tocopherol (Δ+133 %), β-tocopherol (Δ+33 %), and magnesium (Δ+30 %) relative to CONTROL (Interaction: all p &lt; 0.05). Copper intake increased (Δ+27 %) and sodium decreased (Δ-20 %) during ALMOND (Time: all p &lt; 0.05). A reduction in waist circumference (Δ-1.1 cm) and decrease in carbohydrate intake (Δ-20 %) was observed during ALMOND <em>vs.</em> CONTROL (Trial: all p &lt; 0.05). Insulin sensitivity decreased during CONTROL (Time: p &lt; 0.05) but remained constant during ALMOND. Frequency of food cravings over the last 7 days of experimentation increased during ALMOND <em>vs</em>. CONTROL (Interaction: all p &lt; 0.05). No differences in blood lipid profile, physical activity, and assessments of mood were observed between trials (all p &gt; 0.05). This study demonstrates that a 57 g/d serving of almonds modestly improves diet quality and waist circumference. However, almond supplementation elicited no clinically significant benefits on lipid profile, blood pressure, physical activity, and assessments of cravings and mood. Future mechanistic studies are warranted to understand the effect of almond supplementation on cardiometabolic health in various populations. <em>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier</em>: NCT04787718.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 200291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of body adiposity index and conicity index in prediction of metabolic syndrome risk and components","authors":"Sorayya Kheirouri,&nbsp;Mohammad Alizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index have been known as useful measures in predicting cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of BAI and conicity index for the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 174 adults (87 with MetS and 87 healthy individuals) were recruited from a medical weight loss center. Anthropometric parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SDP and DBP), lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in healthy subjects. Both in MetS and healthy subjects, females had significantly higher BAI and BMI than males. In the fully adjusted model, the odds of MetS increased for each unit increase in BAI by 27 % (p = 0.001), in BMI by 33 % (p = 0.001), in WC by 13 % (p &lt; 0.001), and in HC by 9 % (p = 0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that all the anthropometric parameters displayed clinical importance in predicting MetS, but WHR had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in total, male, and female patients. In participants with MetS, the conicity index was negatively correlated with FBS; BAI was positively associated with HDL level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All studied anthropometric parameters had acceptable accuracy for predicting MetS. Traditional parameters, particularly the WHR, exhibited a higher predictive power concerning MetS. The results underscore the reliability of conventional anthropometric measures in clinical and epidemiological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nutritional supplements (vitamins, minerals, omega-3, and probiotics) in preventing and treating COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections","authors":"Antoine Aoun ,&nbsp;Cedra Ghoussoub ,&nbsp;Marwa Sarieddine ,&nbsp;Maria Aoun ,&nbsp;Krystel El Helou","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) continue to be among the most common illnesses and are known to be one of the main reasons of medical consultations worldwide.</p><p>COVID-19 remains a major public concern and a threat to global health. The current focus lies on the pivotal role of the human host's immunologic response in combating viral threats.</p><p>This critical review aims to examine the current evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral respiratory infections (VRIs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was performed in the Google-Scholar and PubMed databases with a main emphasis on publications between January 2000 and September 2023. Consequently, a total of 202 articles were included in this literature review, distributed as follows: 62 meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 20 randomized clinical trials, 11 clinical trials, 28 observational cohorts and 81 others. Of these, 44 % were published between 2020 and 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The research indicates that Vitamin C may have a mitigating effect on VRIs, whereas a deficiency in Vitamin D might heighten susceptibility to COVID-19. Understanding the roles of Vitamins A, B, and E is hampered by limited data availability. Zinc supplementation and probiotics emerge as potential preventive measures for both COVID-19 and VRIs, with selenium and magnesium demonstrating promising results in treating VRIs. The recommendation for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for COVID-19 treatment awaits further evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Currently, there is insufficient clinical evidence to definitively establish the efficacy of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and/or omega-3 supplementation for combating COVID-19 and VRIs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000495/pdfft?md5=901a1d23cfa78e6869fb7e4daba10e67&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic in the capital of Bangladesh","authors":"Urmila Roy ,&nbsp;Arafat Hassan Razon ,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahmad ,&nbsp;Tabassum Sultana Barsha","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hypertension (HTN) has emerged as a significant public health challenge and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like Bangladesh.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among residents of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage random sampling technique to select 305 individuals from Khilkhet Thana in Dhaka North City Corporation. Data were collected through direct surveys using a modified version of the WHO STEPS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The study identified a 34.4 % prevalence of HTN among the participants, with 46.2 % of hypertensive individuals being under 40 years of age. Of the 105 hypertensive individuals, 65 % were newly diagnosed during the study, and 11 previously diagnosed individuals were not on any medication. A significant association (P &lt; 0.001) was observed between the prevalence of HTN and inadequate intake of fruits (OR = 3.129, 95 % CI = 1.912–5.122, χ2 = 21.328), insufficient vegetables consumption (OR = 2.199, 95 % CI = 1.356–3.565, χ2 = 10.373), high intake of fatty foods (OR = 2.387, 95 % CI = 1.465–3.890, χ2 = 12.454), and excessive salt consumption (OR = 2.771, 95 % CI = 1.677–4.579, χ2 = 16.310). Additionally, the prevalence of HTN was notably higher among overweight (46.70 %) and at-risk (22.90 %) individuals, based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), respectively. The study also found significant correlations (P &lt; 0.001) between HTN and factors such as smoking (OR = 2.824, 95 % CI = 1.601–4.980, χ2 = 13.432), kidney disease (OR = 7.534, 95 % CI = 2.694–21.070, χ2 = 19.282), general stress (OR = 3.692, 95 % CI = 2.179–6.255, χ2 = 24.896), COVID-19 related stress (OR = 3.511, 95 % CI = 2.116–5.826, χ2 = 24.712) and sleeping pattern (OR = 5.798, 95 % CI = 3.404–9.875, χ2 = 45.724).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The high prevalence of HTN, particularly among younger individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for nationwide surveys, surveillance, and clinical research to accurately depict the true burden of HTN in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000513/pdfft?md5=d100b1d1a23aeda61474807f51e45c21&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet and gut microbiome: Impact of each factor and mutual interactions on prevention and treatment of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"Davide Menafra ,&nbsp;Mattia Proganò ,&nbsp;Nicola Tecce ,&nbsp;Rosario Pivonello ,&nbsp;Annamaria Colao","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gut microbiota (GM) plays a key role in health by influencing several physiological functions, including the digestive process, the immune system, vitamin production, and mental health. Dysbiosis in gut microbial composition and function has been linked to systemic inflammatory response and the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). \"Leaky gut\" resulting from dysbiosis causes endotoxemia, leading to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are pathogenetic agents of type 2 and gestational DM. Moreover, in children, gut dysbiosis has been associated with the immunitary dysregulation with increased risk of autoimmunity and development of type 1 DM. However, dietary changes in the GM and their role in DM are poorly understood. Plant-based diets that are low in fat and high in fiber have been associated with beneficial effects on the GM. Clinical trials of prebiotics and probiotics have shown promising, albeit mixed, results. This narrative review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between the GM, diet, and DM, focusing on the systems in which the microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and its potential use as a therapy. In addition, we discuss immune dysfunction associated with gut dysbiosis and its role in type 1, type 2, and gestational DM. Further research is needed to evaluate the GM as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000483/pdfft?md5=24b44daac5d8191a79a827017767754f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients concerning Pender's health Promotion Model in Lalitpur district, Nepal","authors":"Anish Sharma Upreti ,&nbsp;Bhagwan Aryal ,&nbsp;Jyoti Kuikel ,&nbsp;Mohan Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) in Nepal. Nutrition plays a significant role in creating barriers to the development of NCDs like diabetes. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the dietary behaviors and practices among T2DM patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study used quantitative method and a cross-sectional research design. The study was carried out in two centers: one in diabetes and another in thyroid care centers at the Lalitpur district, Nepal. A survey questionnaire based on Pender Health Promotion Model (PHPM) was developed, piloted, and administrated directly to 450 T2DM patients aged 40–65. Validity and reliability of the tools was ensured through reviewing panel of experts and using the coefficient and Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. Three sorts of statistical analysis; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS version 25.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Respondents belonged to a joint family, no alcohol consumption, positive attitude towards a healthy diet (<em>P &lt; 0.05),</em> no smoking habit, reminders for healthy food, and engaging in physical activity (<em>P &lt; 0.001)</em> were significantly associated with good dietary practice. Higher odds of sufficient dietary practice were found in respondents who were from joint families (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 2.332; 95 % Confidence Level (CI): 1.958–2.989, p &lt; 0.01), literate (aOR = 1.783; 95 % CI: 1.256–2.531, p &lt; 0.01), no smoking history (aOR = 0.935; 95 % CI: 0.609–1.434, p &lt; 0.05), alcohol consumption history (aOR = 0.615, 95 % CI: 0.412–2.346, p &lt; 0.05), had family support (aOR = 1.824, 95 % CI: 1.265–2.630, p &lt; 0.01), availability of healthy foods (aOR = 2.26; 95 % CI: 1.453–3.517, p &lt; 0.001), and those who preferred daily physical activities (aOR = 1.982, 95 % CI: 1.369–2.364, p &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nuclear family, illiteracy, lower income, smoking and consumption of alcohol, poor family support, poor access in healthy food, and low engagement in physical activities influenced dietary behavior among T2DM patients. Thus, PHPM based educational intervention needs essential to the T2DM patients and family members to ensure better life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000501/pdfft?md5=bbdd1c5e890a5aba7280863934d92e02&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of clinical profile, acute complications and glycemic control after Ramadan fasting in a Tunisian population of patients with diabetes","authors":"Chaima Jemai ,&nbsp;Mariem Nouira ,&nbsp;Yosra Htira ,&nbsp;Zohra Hadj Ali ,&nbsp;Faika Ben Mami","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To assess clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes during Ramadan fasting.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and method</h3><p>It was a prospective evaluative study based in the National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis (Departement C) in a population of patients with diabetes prepared for fasting by education and therapeutic adjustment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>140 diabetics, mainly at high and very high risk (70.7 %), were analyzed. The frequencies of hypo and hyperglycemia were 12.1 and 11.4 % respectively. The mean weight and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained stable. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1C decreased significantly (−0.7 ± 3.1 mmol/L (p = 0.009), −0.18 ± 1.1 % (p = 0.047). The mean creatinine clearance had remained stable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ramadan fasting can be well-tolerated, even for patients at high and very high risk, with an improvement in glycemic control, provided prior education and adequate therapeutic adjustment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 200285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000471/pdfft?md5=7181051fa2e23faa734058a3c42fb0fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of plant-rich dietary patterns of mediterranean and MIND with risk of alzheimer disease","authors":"Sorayya Kheirouri ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Valiei ,&nbsp;Ali-Akbar Taheraghdam","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In recent decades, the possible synergistic power of nutrients in the form of dietary patterns has received attention in preventing diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between plant-rich Mediterranean (MeDi) and MIND [MeDi-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay] dietary patterns with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty patients with AD and 29 healthy individuals were recruited. The cognitive functioning of the patients was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Participants’ food intake was evaluated using the three nonconsecutive days 24-h food recall method, and then MeDi and MIND dietary scores were calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with AD had lower MIND diet scores than healthy subjects (p = 0.06), but the MeDi score did not significantly differ between the two groups. MIND and MeDi scores did not significantly differ between males and females. Each unit increase in MIND diet score was significantly correlated with a 40 % reduced risk of AD, and each unit increase in MeDi score was non-significantly correlated with a 14 % reduced risk of AD. Scores of MIND and MeDi patterns did not remarkably correlate with MMSE total score and cognitive domains.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study suggest the promising affirmative effects of the MIND diet on reducing the risk of AD, but the protective effect of the MeDi pattern against the AD risk remains inconclusive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000458/pdfft?md5=92c5a7d90d01adfb68bf282b1a8d4bbd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceutical and dietary measures with potential for preventing/controlling non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its complications","authors":"Lidianys María Lewis Lujan ,&nbsp;Mark F. McCarty ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Galvez Ruiz ,&nbsp;Sergio Trujillo Lopez ,&nbsp;Simon Bernard Iloki-Assanga","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a frequent complication of metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity, is characterized by marked accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, accompanied by oxidant stress. In a substantial minority of cases, this progresses to steatohepatitis, which in turn can lead to life-threatening hepatic fibrosis and/or hepatocarcinogenesis. This essay analyzes the molecular biology underlying fat accumulation and oxidant stress in NAFLD and identifies targets that can be addressed by nutraceutical or dietary measures. Nutraceuticals with potential for prevention or control of NAFLD as suggested on theoretical grounds, and borne out by experience in rodent studies and/or clinical trials include ferulic acid, melatonin, methyl nicotinamide, tetrahydro curcumin, nicotinamide riboside, carnosic acid, urolithin A, quercetin, high-dose biotin, citrulline, astaxanthin, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, berberine, lipoic acid, silibinin, N-acetylcysteine, taurine, capsaicin, spermidine, spirulina, and carnitine. Some of these agents can also address the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and transforming growth factor-β signaling that play a role in driving the transition to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. In addition, soy isoflavones, via estrogen receptor-beta agonism, have anti-fibrotic potential, and supplemental glycine may blunt the contribution of Kupffer cells to the progression of NAFLD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The research articles to carry out this work were focused based on many searches and reviews in the following databases: Google Scholar, MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect and using the following keywords and combined synonyms: (\"nutraceuticals\" or \" dietary measures \" or \" Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) \" or \"Nrf2″ or \"Vegan diet”) AND (“NAFLD” or “vascular function” or “inflammation”). The keywords were also searched in the references of the original articles included in this study Whole-food plant-based diets of modest protein content, owing to their impact on hormones such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and adiponectin, as well as on the obesity and metabolic syndrome underlying NAFLD, may also be protective in this syndrome. There is considerable potential for complex medical foods or nutraceutical supplementation regimens of rational design to aid prevention and control of NAFLD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000434/pdfft?md5=5c5e471944f4ffa8d990c6680f0d64b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitudes of overweight and obesity among adult and associated factors in jigjiga town, Somali region, Ethiopia","authors":"Ebrahim Hassen Aden,&nbsp;Anbissa Muleta Senbeta,&nbsp;Habtamu Kefale Mekonnen,&nbsp;Shamsedin Mahdi Hassan,&nbsp;Saleha Abdusamed Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overweight and obesity are major worldwide health concerns, with serious consequences for mortality and morbidity. Overweight and obesity rates are frighteningly high in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria and Ethiopia, due to a variety of causes such as urbanization, greater affluence, and bad food habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among people in Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia, as well as to investigate related factors in order to inform treatments and policy. A cross-sectional survey was done among persons aged 20 to 64 working in the government, non-governmental, and commercial sectors. Socio-demographic information, food habits, physical activity, and anthropometric measures were all recorded. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was shown to be 42.4 %, with significant correlations identified with profession and TV viewing habits. Employed people were less likely to be overweight or obese than those in commerce/trade, and those who watched TV for 2–3 h had a reduced risk than those who watched less than 2 h. The study found that khat chewing is significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, with chewers being 1.56 times more likely to be overweight or obese compared to non-chewers. Additionally, there is an inverse relationship between snacking frequency and overweight/obesity risk; participants who snacked once a day were 2.5 times more likely to be overweight or obese than those who snacked three or more times a day. These findings highlight that khat chewing and snacking patterns are important modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity in the studied population. These findings highlight the need of focused treatments targeting food choices, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in combating overweight and obesity in Eastern Ethiopia. Collaboration among academics, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and community stakeholders is critical for developing successful methods for promoting healthy lifestyles and lowering the region's overweight and obesity burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 200282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149724000446/pdfft?md5=8a9b18dcbb0c7da75d9ecb06b951784d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666149724000446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}