Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Impact of resistance, endurance, and combined exercise training on lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-1, and nitric oxide synthase expression in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Bagher Shojah-anzabi ,&nbsp;Reza Farzizadeh ,&nbsp;Farnaz Seifi-asgshahr ,&nbsp;Afshin Nejati-afkham","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2026.200360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2026.200360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves metabolic disturbances and endothelial dysfunction, raising cardiovascular risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the effects of 8 weeks of resistance, endurance, and combined exercise on serum apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO) levels, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, and metabolic parameters in women with T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty women with T2DM (aged 48–58) were randomized into resistance, endurance, combined training, or control groups. Interventions occurred thrice weekly for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measures included anthropometrics (weight, BMI, WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile (TG, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol), ApoA1, NO levels, and NOS expression (iNOS, eNOS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All exercise groups showed significant metabolic improvements versus controls. Endurance training notably reduced FBS, triglycerides, and BMI, with greatest improvements in FBS and TG (p &lt; 0.05). Resistance training yielded the largest decreases in weight (12.89 %) and BMI (8.12 %), while combined training most effectively lowered FBS (19.23 %). The endurance group had the greatest HbA1c reduction (18.15 %). No significant changes were found in ApoA1, LDL, HDL, or total cholesterol. NO levels increased significantly in all exercise groups, especially combined and resistance groups (p &lt; 0.001), but iNOS and eNOS expression remained unchanged. Controls showed minimal change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Eight weeks of resistance, endurance, or combined exercise improve metabolic markers in women with T2DM, each with distinct benefits. Increased NO without NOS expression changes suggests alternative pathways for NO bioavailability. Tailored exercise regimens are recommended for optimal T2DM management and cardiovascular risk reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 200360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary influences on the gut-brain pathways: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential","authors":"Aswani Ajay ,&nbsp;Supriya Singh Gaur ,&nbsp;Jyoti Singh ,&nbsp;Rafeeya Shams ,&nbsp;Kshirod Kumar Dash ,&nbsp;Ayaz Shaikh Mukarram ,&nbsp;Bela Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is emerging evidence that the gut-brain axis can be significantly influenced through a gut friendly diet. Indeed, nutritional neuroscience holds a significant role in managing the gut brain axis and mental health disorders as numerous pathways, chiefly, neurological, humoral and immune pathways are involved in the bidirectional communication of gut and brain. Moreover, these pathways are interlinked with the gut microbiota, performing a synergistic effect on gut-brain axis. Consequently, nutrients and gut metabolites have become crucial for managing the gut-brain communication and thereby handling various mental health disorders. Furthermore, the incorporation of dietary interventions through special diets can efficiently contribute to the maintenance of gut-brain health. Apart from this, advanced nutritional therapies, i.e., nutritional psychiatry, microbial biotherapies have been shown promising effects on altered gut brain signalling and health. Nonetheless, the role of nutritional diet in managing the gut brain axis is yet to be discussed in detail. Additionally, there is a growing need to investigate the impact of nutrients on healthy gut-brain communication within the field of nutritional psychiatry. On account of these gaps and findings, this review highlights the importance of diet and nutrition on a healthy gut-brain axis through the mechanism of action of different nutritional compounds, impact of special diets and novel nutritional and psychobiotic influenced strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal salt iodization remains insufficient to prevent iodine deficiency without maternal education and improved household salt practices: insights from structural equation modelling in Noakhali","authors":"Umma Faria Rika ,&nbsp;Mohammad Asadul Habib ,&nbsp;Prantu Sen ,&nbsp;Ricvan Dana Nindrea ,&nbsp;Long Chiau Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite decades of universal salt iodization (USI), iodine deficiency remains a persistent public health problem in Bangladesh, mainly impacting children in rural and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of 400 children (6–12 years) in four upazilas of Noakhali measured UIC using the Sandell–Kolthoff method. A validated questionnaire was used to estimate how much mothers knew and how they used salt in their homes. We used χ² tests, multinomial logistic regression, and SEM to look at associations and pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among households, 42 % continued to use raw or non-iodized salt, while only 58 % reported using iodized salt. Of children, 45.8 % had optimal UIC (100–299 μg/L), whereas 14.5 % and 25.3 % exhibited severe and mild iodine deficiencies, respectively. The AOR for iodized versus non-iodized salt = 14.38; 95 % CI: 6.91–29.94; p &lt; 0.001) indicated a strong correlation with adequate UIC, along with urban residence, higher maternal education, and use of branded iodized salt. The SEM showed that maternal knowledge was a significant predictor of children's UIC (standardized β = 2.07; p = 0.004), whereas socioeconomic factors had less pronounced, indirect effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Iodine deficiency remains common among school-aged children in Noakhali, and it is more closely linked to what their mothers know and how they use salt at home than to their income. To reduce iodine deficiency, it is important to improve community education and ensure that people can access properly iodized salt, especially in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary interventions and nutrients on oestrogen dominance in males: A systematic review","authors":"D Michael Elliott ,&nbsp;Jessica Bayes ,&nbsp;Janet Schloss","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As males age, declining testosterone levels may result in a relative hormonal imbalance, often described as “estrogen dominance.” Up to 30 % of males aged ≥60 years experience low testosterone levels which can alter the testosterone-to-oestrogen ratio and contribute to associated symptoms. This systematic review examines the relationship between diet, nutrients, and oestrogen dominance in males exploring their potential as accessible interventions for chronic conditions linked to oestrogen imbalance in both males and females. The review focuses on identifying specific foods and nutrients influencing oestrogen dominance in males, while recognising that findings may have broader implications for females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data sources included PubMed, AMED, SCOPUS, and CINAHL from 2000 to 2024. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were independently screened by two reviewers with discrepancies resolved by a third. Primary outcomes included: (1) evidence of reduced oestrogen levels, (2) evidence of increased oestrogen levels, (3) no significant change in oestrogen levels. Secondary outcomes included sex hormone binding-globulin, aromatase activity and progesterone levels. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024582893).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 766 citations were identified from which 12 relevant studies were analysed. Seven studies demonstrated reduced oestrogen levels following consumption of coffee, ergocalciferol, D-chiro-inositol, soy products, and tree nuts. Two studies reported increased oestrogen levels with higher macronutrient intake, particularly albumin and after supplementation with 107 mg of isoflavones. Three studies showed no notable effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review highlights that dietary components and nutrients can influence oestrogen dominance in males experiencing age-related declines in testosterone levels and increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen, with potential implications for cardiovascular, prostate and metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25(OH)D levels are causally linked to height in European population: A mendelian randomization study","authors":"Caiyan An ,&nbsp;Liuyi Yang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Wang ,&nbsp;Junjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Kejin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the causal relationship between serum vitamin D status and height, given that adequate vitamin D is essential for individuals to achieve their genetic height potential.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. Instrumental variables (IVs) were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) summary statistics to estimate levels of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and vitamin D binding protein. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and MR-Radial analyses were used to assess the causal association between vitamin D levels and height in mixed populations, as well as in male and female subgroups. Sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under the IVW random-effects model, higher 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with increased height all groups: mixed population (<em>beta</em> = 0.079, 95% CI 0.028 to 0.130, <em>p</em> = 0.002), females (<em>beta</em> = 0.078, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.140, <em>p</em> = 0.013), and males (<em>beta</em> = 0.072, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.128, <em>p</em> = 0.008). Additional analyses accounting for potential biases from outliers, pleiotropy, and confounding variables yielded consistent results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicated a genetic association between higher serum 25(OH)D levels and increased height, supporting the role of vitamin D in height determination among European populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of SLC30A8 polymorphisms with metabolic and dietary parameters in a Brazilian obesity cohort","authors":"Flavia de Campos Ferreira ,&nbsp;Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel ,&nbsp;Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Luisa Maria Diani ,&nbsp;Wilson Salgado Junior ,&nbsp;Rafael Ferreira Fernandes ,&nbsp;Maysa de Araújo Ferreira-Julio ,&nbsp;Natália Yumi Noronha ,&nbsp;Carla Barbosa Nonino","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is a complex condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Beyond known appetite/satiety single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), comprehensive genomic screening can reveal novel and clinically relevant associations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate genetic associations of SNPs with anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables in a Brazilian obesity cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 106 Brazilian individuals with obesity, categorized by severity (class I/II, n = 23; class III, n = 83). Anthropometric, body composition, biochemical, and dietary data were collected. Genotyping (Illumina®) analyzed approximately 640,000 SNPs. Associations were assessed via dominant/recessive genetic models, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant associations were found with classical appetite/satiety SNPs. However, comprehensive genomic screening identified two prevalent <em>SLC30A8</em> SNPs (rs13266634, rs11558471). These SNPs were significantly associated with higher HDL cholesterol (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Specific homozygous genotypes (CC for rs13266634, AA for rs11558471) linked to increased protein intake solely in class III obesity. The constructed PRS did not demonstrate predictive value for overall obesity risk (AUC = 0.520; <em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study unveils novel links between <em>SLC30A8</em> variants and key metabolic (HDL-c) and dietary (protein intake) markers in obesity, contrasting with classical appetite-related SNPs. These findings suggest a broader, significant role for <em>SLC30A8</em> in complex obesity phenotyping. The polygenic risk score was not predictive in this cohort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of a high-fiber diet on biomarkers used to assess intestinal inflammation and permeability in healthy individuals","authors":"Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya ,&nbsp;Zehra Doğruer ,&nbsp;Berivan Unat ,&nbsp;Betül Çalış ,&nbsp;Duygu İlke Yildirim","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study was conducted with the objective of testing the hypothesis that a dietary intervention promoting a diet in which at least 30 g of total dietary fibre intake per day is obtained from foods affects markers related to intestinal integrity and inflammation in healthy individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Metods</h3><div>A total of 20 subjects participated in the study. Participants were instructed to incorporate 30 gof fibre from dietary sources into their daily consumption for a period of one month. Serum concentrations of human lipopolysaccharides Binding Protein, calprotectin, zonulin and lithocholic acid were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method before and after the dietary intervention. Serum cholesterol and anti-TPO (anti-thyroid peroxidase) levels were measured quantitatively using standard methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant decrease in the BMI (p = 0.018) and weight (p = 0.015) values of the participants was observed following the implementation of a dietary intervention. The serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (p = 0.014), calprotectin (p = 0.014), zonulin (p = 0.016), cholesterol (p = 0.036), and AntiTPO (p = 0.023) were found to be statistically significantly lower in the study participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study demonstrates that the consumption of 30 g of dietary fibre per day for a period of one month results in a reduction of levels of markers associated with gut integrity and inflammation in healthy individuals. A diet with a high fibre content may be a promising therapeutic target for the regulation of gut inflammation and permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between folate and thrombotic external hemorrhoids: A two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis","authors":"Qi Yang,&nbsp;TianYang Chen,&nbsp;TianQi Gao,&nbsp;YanTong Liu,&nbsp;GuoFeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thrombotic external hemorrhoids (TEH) may be influenced by micronutrient levels. This study investigates the causal relationship between TEH and 15 micronutrients, including folate, calcium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, B6, and B12.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with micronutrient levels (p &lt; 5 × 10⁻⁶) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations (n = 64,979 for folate). TEH outcome data were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank (n = 9749). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used, with SNPs selected to ensure strong instrumental variables (F &gt; 10). Sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IVW analysis revealed a causal association between folate and TEH (p-value = 0.004, OR = 1.555 [95 % CI 1.156–2.092] per standard deviation increase in folate levels). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this finding.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Folate is a risk factor for TEH, potentially via inflammatory pathways, providing evidence to guide clinical research and TEH management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The influence of nutritional status and associated factors on the quality of life among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study” [Hum. Nutr. Metab. Volume 36, (June 2024), 200262]","authors":"Ahlam B. El Shikieri ,&nbsp;Ahmad H. Hafiz ,&nbsp;Opeyemi E. Adewumi ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Fijabi","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and analysis of vitamin D status in a coastal city population of southeast China","authors":"Yanwen Chen ,&nbsp;Shengwu Yu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Ying ,&nbsp;Huan Chai ,&nbsp;Yining Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize vitamin D levels and related influencing factors in the population of coastal cities in southeast China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed the results of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] during outpatient visits and physical examinations at Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital from 2019 to 2024, and assessed the relationship between vitamin D levels and gender, age, and hematological indexes in this region's population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the physical examination population, the proportions of vitamin D levels classified as normal, insufficient, and deficient were 2.78 %, 16.59 %, and 80.64 %, respectively; indicating that the vitamin D deficiency rate is higher than that in the outpatient population. Moreover, the proportion of men with vitamin D deficiency was lower than that of women; the difference was statistically significant (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). The proportion of vitamin D deficiency decreased with age in both sexes, with levels showing statistically significant differences among age groups (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). Additionally, AST, PA, CREA, UREA and EGFR-EPI Cr were identified as independent factors for the clinical guidance of vitamin D deficiency medication (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). ALT, CREA, UREA, Ca, Na, Hb, HCT, MCHC were correlated with the proportion of vitamin D deficiency in individuals under 60 (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>); only ALP was correlated with vitamin D levels in people over 60 years of age (<em>p &lt; 0.05</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in the physical examination population. Gender and age can influence vitamin D levels. There was a correlation between various hematologic markers and vitamin D levels in the physical examination population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 200352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}