Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Early weaning and anemia in children under 2 years old from indigenous peoples in Alagoas state, Brazil","authors":"Valéria Clarisse de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Paola Soledad Mosquera ,&nbsp;Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos ,&nbsp;Haroldo S. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Bárbara H. Lourenço ,&nbsp;Marly A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the frequency of breastfeeding (BF) practices and factors associated with early weaning and anemia in indigenous children under 2 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A household cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 indigenous communities in Alagoas state, northeastern Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mothers of eligible children were interviewed to gather socioeconomic, demographic, health, and feeding practice data. Blood samples were collected to assess the hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Multiple Cox, linear, and Poisson regression models were employed to examine the factors associated with weaning and anemia (Hb &lt; 110 g/L in children aged 6 months and older).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1303 households surveyed, 145 had children under 2 years old. The prevalence of exclusive BF at 6 months was only 19 %. High frequencies of anemia (42.5 %), bottle-feeding (70 %), and pacifier use (31 %) were observed. The use of bottle and pacifier was associated with early weaning. Bottle-feeding was significantly associated with anemia (PR = 2.62; 95 % CI: 1.42–4.84) after adjusting for household wealth index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BF practices among indigenous children do not meet WHO recommendations. The use of artificial nipples was linked to early weaning, and bottle feeding was associated with anemia after 6 months of age. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to promote, protect, and support BF in indigenous people, guiding multidisciplinary health teams in properly caring for young children in indigenous communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond medication: Unveiling the role of diet and lifestyle in fatty liver disease management","authors":"Iahtisham-Ul-Haq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem ,&nbsp;Aanchal Sharma ,&nbsp;Robert Mugabi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem ,&nbsp;Gulzar Ahmad Nayik","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, which can lead to inflammation, scarring, and severe liver damage. The global prevalence of FLD is increasing, exacerbated by factors such as obesity, diabetes, and poor lifestyle choices.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This review aims to explore the role of dietary and lifestyle modifications in the prevention and management of FLD. It provides evidence-based recommendations to help mitigate the progression of the disease through non-pharmacological interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was done using various reliable online databases (PubMed Central, Research Gate, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Google scholar, Science Direct, National Institute of Health and related databases). Full length research or review articles in English or bilingual were selected based on fatty liver disease while unpublished or irrelevant articles were excluded. The collected data were analyzed to identify effective dietary and lifestyle practices for managing FLD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that dietary modifications, including reduced intake of saturated and trans fats, sugars, and alcohol, alongside increased consumption of healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean proteins, can significantly alleviate FLD symptoms. Regular physical activity also plays a critical role in managing the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Strategic dietary interventions include vitamin D, Vitamin E, low carbohydrates, high protein (varying results found in literature), low saturated fat but mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids, fish meat, nuts, herbs (green tea and lemon grass) and bioactive rich food commodities are impactful. Nonetheless, adopting a healthier lifestyle <em>i.e.,</em> by avoiding smoking and a sedentary lifestyle, managing co-morbid disorders, and abstaining from skipping meals are recommended for better management and prevention of FLD. However, analysis of factors causing FLD demands more elaborative, customized, and rigorous interdisciplinary research to vividly elucidate the effect of specific dietary components on treatment of FLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro fermentation of whole matrix, digested products and β-glucan enriched extract of Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms distinctively impact the fecal microbiota of healthy older adults","authors":"Evangelia N. Kerezoudi ,&nbsp;Marigoula Vlassopoulou ,&nbsp;Evdokia K. Mitsou ,&nbsp;Georgia Saxami ,&nbsp;Georgios Koutrotsios ,&nbsp;Ioanna Taflampa ,&nbsp;Konstantinos C. Mountzouris ,&nbsp;Ignacio Rangel ,&nbsp;Robert J. Brummer ,&nbsp;Georgios I. Zervakis ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Pletsa ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Georgiadis ,&nbsp;Adamantini Kyriacou","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> (PE), an edible mushroom rich in bioactive compounds, has been shown to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, antihepatotoxic and hypolipidemic activities, all important for the well-being of the ageing population. This study assessed <em>in vitro</em> the prebiotic-like effects of multiple forms of this mushroom. An <em>in vitro</em> static batch fermentation was performed for 24 h with faecal inocula from five apparently healthy older adults in the presence of the following PE forms: whole food matrix (PEWS), <em>in vitro</em> digested (PEWSD) and rich in <em>β</em>-glucans extract (PEWSE). The changes in bacterial communities upon fermentation at family, genera and species level were detected via 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing and Quantitative real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified using gas chromatography (GC), whereas other metabolites were analysed through ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). DEseq2 analysis indicated that PEWS presence exhibited the largest impact on faecal microbial families' and genera's abundance compared to negative (non-carbon source) and positive (inulin) controls. Only PEWS significantly increased <em>Bifidobacterium</em> spp. and <em>F. prausnitzii</em> populations, while all three forms robustly increased <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. levels and levels of butyrate, acetate and propionate acids. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effect of PE on intestinal health of older adults supporting its potential incorporation into innovative functional foods. However, additional <em>in vivo</em> studies are required to substantiate these findings before translating them into dietary guidelines or clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, probiotic characterization and whole-genome sequencing of gut Faecalibacterium prausnitzii","authors":"Xuemei Sun,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jielun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The next generation of probiotics <em>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</em> is a very important butyric acid producing bacterium in the human intestinal tract, but its extreme sensitization to oxygen hinders its isolation for further study and application. The current study attempted to isolate and identify <em>F. prausnitzii</em> strains from human feces, as well as sequencing the whole genomes, to study their basic characteristics and probiotic potentials. Two strains were successfully obtained named <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 20 and <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28, which entered the logarithmic growth phase at 24 h and then the stable growth phase at 48 h. At 72 h, <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 grew better and resulted a lower pH in culture medium than <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 20. The butyric acid production of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 was up to 38.68 mmol/L. The two strains were tolerant to pH 3.0 and 0.3 % of bile salt, and were capable of growing on glucose, inulin, β-glucan, and konjac glucomannan as the sole carbon source, but not on pectin, arabinogalactan, and arabinoxylan. Additionally, they exhibited good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with inhibition rates of up to 60.90 % and 32.69 %, respectively, as well as strong scavenging abilities for DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion free radicals (91.92 %, 73.06 %, and 95.82 %, respectively). The whole genome of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 had a size of 3,950,000 bp with a GC ratio of 56.50 % and possessed 2752 genes consisting of 2645 coding sequences and 107 non-coding sequences. Gene prediction confirmed that <em>F. prausnitzii</em> 28 had acid resistance, bile salt resistance, oxidation resistance and adhesion properties. This study provided new strains for the study of <em>F. prausnitzii</em>, as well as a theoretical basis for the research and development of <em>F. prausnitzii</em> based therapies in hypoglycemic and other health aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nutritional risk screening tools for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Rao Xin,&nbsp;Fan Lin,&nbsp;Guo Chaoqun,&nbsp;Zou Changlian,&nbsp;Chen Xiaoyan,&nbsp;He Ting,&nbsp;Wu Chuntao,&nbsp;Zhao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Object</h3><div>With the intensification of the global aging population trend and changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, and it has become a major global public health problem. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor that affects the clinical outcomes, quality of life, and physical functions of inpatients with T2DM, and nutritional risk is the potential precursor state of malnutrition. Early nutritional risk screening and assessment for inpatients with T2DM is crucial for the timely initiation of adequate nutritional support. Through the precise identification of the nutritional risk and nutritional status of patients, their clinical development trajectory can be predicted, and the positive impact of nutritional management and treatment can be clarified. Currently, there are various nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, but each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and scope of application. Therefore, this article reviews the commonly used nutritional risk screening and assessment tools for inpatients with T2DM, compares the screening and assessment contents, advantages and disadvantages, and scope of application of different tools, in order to provide references for the early prevention and treatment of patients and the implementation of individualized and standardized nutritional management pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest trends on interplay of autophagy, adipose tissue, and gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic disorders","authors":"Claudette Butoyi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asad Iqbal ,&nbsp;Isaac Duah Boateng","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of review</h3><div>This review aims to synthesize current research on the intricate relationships among visceral obesity (VO), autophagy (Atg), gut microbiota, and adipose tissue dysfunction, all of which contribute significantly to insulin resistance (IR) and associated metabolic disorders. Specifically, it seeks to identify key mechanistic pathways and potential therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Contemporary investigations have established VO as a principal etiological factor in diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for a substantial proportion of global metabolic disease incidence. Notable discoveries include: (1) the nuanced role of Atg in adipose tissue homeostasis, wherein tissue-specific aberrations, such as diminished ATG5 expression in visceral adipose tissue, exacerbate IR. Conversely, pharmacologically induced Atg, exemplified by rapamycin administration, enhances insulin sensitivity by 15–25 % in rodent models. (2) Alterations in gut microbial composition, characterized by a 40 % decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, correlate with elevated visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation. Fecal microbiota transplantation in human studies has demonstrated restoration of microbial diversity, resulting in a 12 % reduction in hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients; (3) adipose tissue macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype, evidenced by a 2-3-fold elevation in TNF-α levels in VO, which precipitates metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The interactive network involving Atg, gut microbiota, and adipose tissue represents a pivotal axis in the development of metabolic diseases. While interventions targeting Atg and microbiota modulation demonstrate potential, inconsistent outcomes, such as the variable efficacy of probiotic therapies, underscore the context-dependent nature of these mechanisms. Existing therapeutic approaches, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and bariatric surgery, address adiposity but require more targeted approaches. Future research should prioritize elucidating tissue-specific Atg regulation and developing personalized microbiota-based therapies to manage the complex pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of recreational female CrossFit® practitioners: Agreement between indirect calorimetry and predictive equations and correlation between RMR ratio and metabolic hormone levels","authors":"Marcus V.L. Dos Santos Quaresma ,&nbsp;Caroline Soares Santos ,&nbsp;Bruno Becaro ,&nbsp;Leonardo Azevedo Alvares ,&nbsp;Raphael Einsfeld Simões Ferreira ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos ,&nbsp;Fernanda Patti Nakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resting metabolic rate ratio (RMR_ratio) is calculated dividing the RMR from indirect calorimetry (RMR_IC) by the RMR estimate by equations (RMR_e). RMR_ratio is a tool for energy suppression assessment and it can be useful in situations of low energy availability. To date, predictive equations have not been evaluated regarding their agreement with RMR of female CrossFit® practitioners. As such, we aimed to verify the agreement between RMR_IC and RMR_e and its correlation with metabolic hormones. This was a cross-sectional study with nonprobability sampling. Participants (healthy women aged 18–39 years, with at least 1 year of regular CrossFit® training experience) visited the laboratory once for blood collection and nutritional, body composition, and RMR assessment. RMR_IC was estimated using K5; COSMED®. We evaluated its agreement with the RMR estimated by several equations. Then, for each predictive equation, the RMR_ratio was calculated. We assessed triiodothyronine (TT₃), leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels. The Bland–Altman method was used to identify the agreement between the RMR_IC and the RMR_e. Thirty female recreational CrossFit® practitioners (33.11 ± 5.23 y) were assessed. The Cunningham (1980) equation was the one that most agreed with the RMR_IC. Still, RMR_IC did not differ when compared to TT₃ (p = 0.470), leptin (p = 0.848), and IGF-1 (p = 0.634) levels. Likewise, we found no differences when RMR_ratio was compared by the median and tertiles of hormones. In summary, our findings revealed that the RMR_e showed low agreement with the RMR_IC. Besides, the RMR_ratio did not differ according to the hormones TT₃, leptin, and IGF-1 of female recreational CrossFit® practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","authors":"Abdul-Malik Bawah ,&nbsp;Kasim Abdulai ,&nbsp;Priscilla Cecilia Akpene Amenya","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200308","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and insulin resistance, and is a significant contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), focusing on dietary changes that reduce hepatic fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate metabolic markers, is increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic approach for NAFLD management.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study assessed the therapeutic potential of MNT in NAFLD patients, focusing on its effects on liver function, metabolic health, and inflammation. Additionally, it examined how educational level and occupation, as components of socioeconomic status, influence MNT effectiveness.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cohort of 200 NAFLD patients was recruited from Tamale Teaching Hospital, Central Hospital, Tamale West Hospital, and Dagbang Medical Centre and randomly assigned to either an MNT intervention group or a &lt;strong&gt;control group receiving standard care, which included general dietary recommendations without structured MNT, routine medical follow-up, and lifestyle advice from healthcare providers.&lt;/strong&gt; Over a 12-month period, patients in the intervention group received personalized MNT, emphasizing a balanced diet, low glycemic index foods, and limited saturated fat intake. Key clinical data, including liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT), metabolic markers (BMI, weight, fasting glucose, lipid profile), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), were collected at baseline and after 12 months. Regression analysis with interaction terms assessed the impact of educational level and occupational type on MNT outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The MNT intervention group showed significant improvements in liver function tests (ALT and AST decreased by 25 % on average, p &lt; 0.01) and metabolic markers (BMI reduced by 3 %, p &lt; 0.01). Inflammatory markers also improved, with CRP and TNF-α levels decreasing significantly compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). &lt;strong&gt;In contrast, the control group exhibited only minimal changes in these parameters, with non-significant reductions in ALT, AST, BMI, and inflammatory markers (p &gt; 0.05), reinforcing the added benefit of structured MNT over general dietary advice.&lt;/strong&gt; Higher educational levels and occupations with greater health literacy were independently associated with enhanced outcomes, suggesting that these socio-demographic factors moderated MNT's effectiveness. &lt;strong&gt;Therefore, integrating MNT into NAFLD treatment guidelines, enhancing health provider training, expanding access, and prioritizing public education will improve outcomes and prevent disease progression.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;MNT effectively manages and provides superior be","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of metabolic syndrome on adiponectin, cardio-ankle vascular index, and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged obese men: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Thanutchaporn Nutmakul ,&nbsp;Lita Thamrongloessakun ,&nbsp;Jintana Sirivarasai ,&nbsp;Sirasa Ruangritchankul ,&nbsp;Wutarak Monsuwan","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese men by assessing adiponectin levels, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using the Thai cardiovascular risk score (TCVRS), and evaluated whether CAVI and adiponectin could serve as predictors for CVD. Among 82 middle-aged obese men, 70.7 % had MetS, 56.1 % had hypoadiponectinemia, 20.7 % were classified as having a high CAVI (&gt;8), and 15.9 % were considered at high cardiovascular risk (TCVRS ≥20 %). Participants in the MetS group had a higher CVD risk, as evidenced by significantly higher TCVRS and lower adiponectin compared to the non-MetS group, though CAVI did not differ significantly. Among the components of MetS, high triglyceride and low HDL-cholesterol levels affected adiponectin levels, while high fasting plasma glucose levels impacted CAVI values, which was supported by Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, CAVI positively correlated with TCVRS and was identified as an independent predictor of CVD risk in both the total and MetS groups. Conversely, adiponectin exhibited an inverse correlation and was an independent predictor in the non-MetS group. Importantly, subgroup analysis indicated that participants with higher CAVI had a greater CVD risk compared to those with normal CAVI levels. Notably, participants with high CAVI who did not have hypoadiponectinemia exhibited the highest TCVRS, with over half classified as being at high cardiovascular risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of dietary modifications and gut dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Meenakshi Vachher ,&nbsp;Kohinoor Kaur ,&nbsp;Manisha Marothia ,&nbsp;Archana Burman ,&nbsp;Deepanjana ,&nbsp;Savita Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health concern and economic burden worldwide. Approximately one-third of the total population is affected by NAFLD. The more aggressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. NAFLD is multifactorial in origin and the gut microbiota dysregulation is one of the key features of NAFLD. Dietary alterations or nutritional interventions have a huge impact on gut microbiota composition and functions. An association between the type of diet, altered gut microbiota, and NAFLD is now being appreciated. The gut dysbiosis characterized by the changes in gut microbiota composition and its metabolites contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD through multiple mechanisms. The gut dysbiosis affects the intestinal permeability by generating endogenous ethanol, increased level of toxins such as lipopolysaccharides, and also influences the amino acid metabolism particularly tryptophan which activates the pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting hepatic inflammation. Altered microbial composition also disturbs the bile acids homeostasis which affects the energy balance and lipid metabolism through signaling via bile acid receptors. Therefore gut microbiota profiling in NAFLD patients may provide valuable information in predicting disease severity. Also, finding the key metabolites and markers of gut dysbiosis and their role in the pathogenesis of liver disease might prove helpful in designing novel and effective therapies for NAFLD. The present review succinctly summarizes gut dysbiosis triggered by various dietary factors especially macronutrients including proteins, fats and carbohydrates leading to the development and progression of NAFLD. We also address the gaps in the present studies as well as future prospects of manipulating gut microbiota for improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications in NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 200305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}