Human Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia and altered gut microbiota in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A multi-center study","authors":"Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruilian Wang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Chi ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Yan ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Liping Hou ,&nbsp;Jin Qin ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Yu ,&nbsp;Hailing Di","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia and to identify potential risk factors associated with sarcopenia and with alterations in gut microbiota diversity among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MHD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis for more than 3 months were recruited from four hospital hemodialysis centers. Dietary intake, anthropometric measures, body composition, and biochemical parameters were assessed. Nutritional status and sarcopenia were diagnosed using the GLIM criteria and the 2019 AWGS criteria, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Potential risk factors for both sarcopenia and altered gut microbiota diversity were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 50.2 % (37 % mild, 13.2 % severe), and sarcopenia was 20.6 %. Depression symptom was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 5.04, <em>p</em> = 0.004). In contrast, both hyperuricemia and higher BMI showed a protective association against sarcopenia (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>p</em> = 0.004, respectively). Higher SGA score (aOR = 2.59, 95 % CI: 1.66–4.05, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and elevated BMI (aOR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.25, <em>p</em> = 0.038) were positively associated with gut microbial diversity, whereas increased triglyceride levels were negatively associated (aOR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.87, <em>p</em> = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Depressive status was an increased risk of sarcopenia, while moderately elevated uric acid levels may deem as a protective factor against sarcopenia. Better nutritional status and healthy BMI were beneficial for maintaining gut microbial diversity in MHD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease after fundoplication may be associated with food intolerance/malabsorption","authors":"Wolfgang J. Schnedl ,&nbsp;Simon Michaelis ,&nbsp;Dietmar Enko ,&nbsp;Sandra J. Holasek","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been identified as the most common gastrointestinal disorder. Despite undergoing fundoplication surgery, a significant number of patients continue to experience symptoms of GERD that are refractory to treatment. This retrospective pilot study reports on the testing of patients with refractory GERD symptoms after fundoplication for food intolerance/malabsorption and gastric <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, hydrogen (H₂) breath testing was employed to screen for lactose intolerance (LIT) and fructose malabsorption (FM) in 31 patients with refractory GERD after fundoplication. The diagnosis of histamine intolerance (HIT) is determined by a response to a histamine-reduced diet and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. For the detection of <em>H. pylori</em> infection antibodies against <em>H. pylori</em> and for search of celiac disease antibodies to tissue transglutaminase were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the patients with refractory GERD after fundoplication, 29 out of 31 (95.5 %) were diagnosed with food intolerance/malabsorption, combinations thereof, and/or <em>H. pylori</em> infection. The utilization of the H₂ breath test resulted in the identification of LIT in 18 out of 31 patients (58.1 %), while 15 out of 31 patients (48.1 %) exhibited low serum DAO, indicative of HIT. FM was identified in 8 out of 31 patients (25.8 %) through the H₂ breath test, and 1 out of 31 patients (3.2 %) showed indications of <em>H. pylori</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the evaluation of patients exhibiting refractory GERD symptoms following fundoplication, it is imperative to consider the potential roles of food intolerance/malabsorption and <em>H. pylori</em> infection as contributing factors. It is recommended that food intolerance and malabsorption be included in the list of potential etiologies of refractory GERD symptoms following fundoplication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of L-arginine, L-citrulline and micronutrient supplementation on elevated triglyceride levels and metabolic syndrome severity score","authors":"Felix Kerlikowsky,&nbsp;Andreas Hahn","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic disturbances, including elevated triglyceride (TAG) levels, obesity, and hypertension, and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary interventions involving L-arginine (L-Arg), L-citrulline (L-Cit) and micronutrients may support numerous physiological functions and improve health during metabolic disturbances. We hypothesized that L-Arg, L-Cit, and micronutrient supplementation decreases elevated TAG levels (≥150 mg/dL) and improves metabolic health. This proof-of-principle study was an eight-week randomized double-blind intervention involving 60 obese individuals (age: 59.9 ± 7.5 years, BMI: 33.6 ± 4.7 kg/m², TAG level: 211 ± 71.2 mg/dL). The study aimed to investigate the potential effects of L-Arg, L-Cit, and micronutrient supplementation on TAG levels and the MetS severity score based on waist circumference (WC). After eight-weeks of supplementation, the verum group showed a significant decrease in TAG levels compared to placebo (p &lt; 0.001), and significant reductions in LDL-C (p = 0.038), systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 0.040), and body fat mass (p = 0.045). In contrast, no effects were observed on fasting glucose, WC or diastolic BP. Participants in the verum group showed a significant decrease in the MetS severity score (p = 0.041), suggesting an improvement in metabolic health, while those in the placebo group showed no changes. This proof-of-principle study indicate that L-Arg, L-Cit, and micronutrient supplementation may reduce TAG levels and potentially improve overall metabolic health in obese individuals with elevated TAG. Confirmatory studies are needed to substantiate these exploratory findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing predictive analytics in child malnutrition: Machine, ensemble and deep learning models with balanced class distribution for early detection of stunting and wasting","authors":"Wisdom Richard Mgomezulu ,&nbsp;Paul Thangata ,&nbsp;Bertha Mkandawire ,&nbsp;Nana Amoah","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Child malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with traditional surveillance methods proving inadequate for early detection and intervention. This study leverages advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques to revolutionize stunting and wasting prediction in Malawi, utilizing nationally representative World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS) data to develop robust predictive models capable of identifying at-risk children before clinical manifestations emerge. Seven classification algorithms were evaluated, including ensemble methods (Random Forest, XGBoost), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and traditional approaches (SVM, Logistic Regression, KNN, Gradient Boosting). Class imbalance challenges were addressed through SMOTE implementation and strategic class weighting. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC metrics across balanced datasets. Results demonstrate exceptional predictive capabilities, with Random Forest achieving perfect performance for wasting prediction (100 % accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC) and near-perfect stunting classification (99.98 % accuracy). XGBoost demonstrated comparable excellence with 99.49 % accuracy for wasting and 95.52 % for stunting prediction. DNN showed strong performance (91.50 % wasting accuracy, 76.64 % stunting accuracy), while traditional methods exhibited moderate effectiveness, with logistic regression achieving the lowest performance (66.58 % wasting, 64.72 % stunting accuracy). These findings represent a paradigm shift toward proactive nutritional surveillance, enabling early identification of vulnerable populations through data-driven approaches. The superior performance of ensemble algorithms provides policymakers with powerful tools for evidence-based resource allocation and targeted interventions. Implementation of these predictive models within Malawi's health systems could significantly enhance early detection capabilities, facilitate timely nutritional interventions, and contribute substantially to achieving global nutrition targets while reducing childhood mortality rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 diabetes risk prediction using glycemic control Metrics: A machine learning approach","authors":"Radwan Qasrawi ,&nbsp;Suliman Thwib ,&nbsp;Ghada Issa ,&nbsp;Razan Abu Ghoush ,&nbsp;Malak Amro","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant global health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. Conventional prevention strategies often lack personalization, overlooking individual variability in lifestyle, nutrition, and health status. This study aimed to develop a personalized T2DM risk prediction model using machine learning (ML), integrating clinical, behavioral, and dietary data, including glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) derived from actual food and recipe intake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 3145 Palestinian adults (aged 18–60) were analyzed using statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques. Variables included age, sex, education, income, physical activity, smoking status, perceived health, and detailed nutritional intake, specifically glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Nine ML models were developed using the AutoGluon-Tabular framework. Model performance was assessed via accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and log loss. Feature importance analysis identified key predictors of T2DM risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women had significantly higher odds of diabetes than men, while rural residents had a lower risk compared to urban dwellers. People aged 50–59 were over six times more likely to be diabetic than those aged 18–29. Lower education and poor perceived health were also strong predictors. Diabetic participants consumed significantly lower GI (87.7 ± 36.1) and GL (241 ± 180.5) diets compared to non-diabetics (GI = 98.8 ± 35.5; GL = 303.3 ± 202.7; p = 0.001). Among the ML models, XGBoost and CatBoost performed best, with over 93 % accuracy and excellent prediction scores. Glycemic load, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and self-reported health status were the most important risk indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed the effectiveness of integrating machine learning with glycemic control metrics and lifestyle data for personalized T2DM prediction. Incorporating glycemic values from real food and recipe intake improved model accuracy and interpretability. These findings support the development of precision prevention strategies tailored to individual risk profiles, particularly in underserved populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet leads to a more favorable nutrient profile than low FODMAP in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Noor Al-Shiblawi ,&nbsp;Kristina Cullman ,&nbsp;Bodil Roth ,&nbsp;Therese Liljebo ,&nbsp;Stine Störsrud ,&nbsp;Bodil Ohlsson","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) and a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) both alleviate symptoms in IBS. Our hypothesis was that restrictive diets may preserve good nutritional supply. The aims of the study were to compare nutritional intake between SSRD and low FODMAP, and correlations between changes in nutrient intake, weight, and symptoms. This open, non-inferiority trial included patients with IBS according to Rome IV for a 4-week dietary intervention. Patients completed a 3-day food diary, study questionnaire, Rome IV questionnaire, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS) at baseline, after 4 weeks of either SSRD or low FODMAP, and at a 6-month follow-up. Daily intake of nutrients was calculated. In total, 155 patients (84 % women), 42 (32–55) years, weight 69.2 (63.0–82.9) kg, were included; 77 randomized to SSRD and 78 to low FODMAP diet. After 4 weeks, both SSRD and low FODMAP reduced symptoms, weight, and intake of calories, carbohydrates, sucrose, and monosaccharides, while vitamin D and B12 intake were increased. SSRD uniquely reduced added sugar, disaccharides, starch, and sodium chloride intake, while increasing protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In contrast, low FODMAP reduced intakes in fiber and several vitamins and minerals after 4 weeks and follow-up. The reductions of galacto-oligosaccharides and fructan were most pronounced in SSRD (p &lt; 0.001). These findings highlight the SSRD's potential for broader health benefits and a more nutritionally balanced approach with higher nutrient density compared to the low FODMAP diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of bioavailability of folic acid and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate on baseline red blood cell folate concentrations in infants","authors":"Rima Obeid ,&nbsp;Ines Warnke ,&nbsp;Christina Hecht ,&nbsp;Barbara Troesch ,&nbsp;Luisa Barbanti ,&nbsp;Matteo Tanadini ,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko ,&nbsp;on behalf of the MEFOLIN Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Folate bioavailability may depend on folate status of an individual and the form of folate presents in foods.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We studied whether changes of red blood cell (RBC)-folate concentrations following dietary intervention with folic acid or the calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF-Ca) depend on baseline RBC-folate and differ by the folate form provided.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 167 infants randomized to infant formula with either 15.2 μg folic acid or 15.8 μg 5-MTHF-Ca per 100 kcal from &lt;1 month of age (baseline visit) until age 16 weeks (visit 4). Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) were used to study whether the changes in RBC-folate concentrations between baseline visit and visit 4 (study outcome) depend on the intervention (folic acid or 5-MTHF-Ca), length of the intervention and a smooth effect of baseline RBC-folate concentrations for each intervention group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GAM base model showed that the change of RBC-folate was higher in infants with lower baseline RBC-folate concentrations. This model explained 42 % of the deviance in the data. For the group that received folic acid, this effect was estimated to be linear (effective degrees of freedom = 1). In the group receiving 5-MTHF-Ca, the effect of baseline RBC-folate on the change of RBC-folate was non-linear. The smooth effect of baseline RBC-folate on the change of RBC-folate concentrations differed between the intervention groups (p = 0.002). In infants with higher baseline RBC-folate concentrations, the change of RBC-folate concentration is systematically higher in the 5-MTHF-Ca group than in the folic acid group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The bioavailability of folic acid and 5-MTHF-Ca shows physiological decline when baseline RBC-folate is high. The reduction of the bioavailability is more pronounced after folic acid intake. The results may impact infant's intake recommendations from different folate forms. The molecular mechanisms behind these results deserve further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pantothenic acid plays an important role in reducing body weight","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Niu ,&nbsp;Rong Yu ,&nbsp;Qing Qi ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Fuqian Zhao ,&nbsp;Lianxing Li ,&nbsp;Daofu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200336","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation. Strategies to effectively curb the prevalence of obesity have always garnered significant attention. If reducing fat can be achieved by altering the content of certain nutrients in the diet, it would not only be simple and convenient but also alleviate the economic burden.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Four-week-old ICR mice were divided into two groups: a Normal diet group and a High-fat diet group. The weight changes of the mice were observed. Feces from obese mice were collected, and blood cultures and MacConkey medium were used to observe and isolate bacterial changes. Bacteria were preliminarily identified using Gram staining, mass spectrometry, and biochemical culture. Differential bacteria were administered by gavage, and changes in mouse weight and abdominal fat were observed. Whole genome sequencing was employed to further identify the types of bacteria. The relationship between triglycerides and total cholesterol in the Body Mass Index of different genders was retrospectively analyzed. Feces were collected, and the number of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; with different Body Mass Indices was detected using PCR. Metabolomics was utilized to identify differential metabolites in bacterial culture supernatants. The effects of pantothenic acid on the weight and abdominal fat of BALB/c mice of different genders on a normal diet and a high-fat diet were observed. Transcriptomics was used to identify differential genes in mouse liver and analyze their association with immune cells. Macrophages were eliminated to observe the effect of a high-fat diet on adipogenesis. The Lip-MC method was used to screen proteins in the liver that may bind to pantothenic acid, and these were cross-linked with the upregulated genes of RAW264.7 after pantothenic acid administration. The molecular docking method was used to analyze the binding of pantothenic acid and orlistat to the target protein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Obesity can lead to changes in the diversity of intestinal flora. Certain bacteria in the intestine can reduce fat formation, and the most likely candidate identified is &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;. The population of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; in obese individuals significantly increases. Triglycerides and total cholesterol levels rise significantly when the Body Mass Index (BMI) is ≥ 24, with no gender difference observed. &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; can produce a significant amount of pantothenic acid, which can markedly decrease abdominal fat formation. Liver macrophages play a crucial role in abdominal fat formation. Pm20d1 in macrophages may interact with pantothenic acid to influence liver fat metabolism (see flow chart).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Consumption of pantothenic acid can lead to a substantial decrease in body weight among female mice that have been on a high-fat diet. Concurrently, it also notably lowers the body fat perce","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of elevated TyG level with plant-based diets in the context of imbalanced dietary pattern","authors":"Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Zongkai Li ,&nbsp;Hui Jing ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Lin ,&nbsp;Samuel Chacha ,&nbsp;Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Yijun Kang ,&nbsp;Duolao Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Yan ,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The health impact of plant-based diets under imbalanced conditions remains unclear. We investigated the association of plant-based diet with Triglyceride-glucose index(TyG) among Chinese population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in northwest China. Dietary data collected with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to establish three indices: plant-based diet index(PDI), healthy plant-based diet index(hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index(uPDI). A new index was introduced to represent ratio of animal-based to plant-based food intake(RAP and healthy RAP). The relationships between each plant-based diet index and TyG was assessed with logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 75 % of participants adhered to a diet with higher intake of plant-based foods. Females consumed more plant-based foods and fewer animal-based foods than their male counterparts. Among females, those in Q4 of PDI(OR = 1.25,95 %CI:0.97–1.62) and hPDI(OR = 1.55,95 %CI:1.19–2.03) faced an increased risk of higher TyG compared to those in the lowest quartile. A significant association between higher TyG levels and the PDI was observed, except hPDI for males. In females with RAP in Q4, the risk of elevated TyG decreased by 25 %(OR = 0.75,95 %CI:0.60–0.95) compared to those with RAP in Q1, with a more pronounced effect noted among females with RAP values less than one. A similar trend was observed for hRAP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People in Northern China often consume plant-based foods, and adherence to a plant-based diet is associated with risk of elevated TyG levels. Conversely, a higher consumption of animal-based foods may mitigate this risk among women, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and systemic immune-inflammation biomarkers in US Adults: Cross-Sectional results from NHANES 2003–2023","authors":"Ting Tian ,&nbsp;Tongtong Hong ,&nbsp;Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Xiaoke Wang ,&nbsp;Leqi Qian ,&nbsp;Sihan Deng ,&nbsp;Haibo Jin ,&nbsp;Mingjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Fan ,&nbsp;Yuancheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited studies have directly linked ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption to immunity. This study investigated the association between UPFs intake and systemic immune-inflammation biomarkers in US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 34,016 participants from NHANES (2003–2023). Biomarkers related to complete blood cells and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL ratio (LHR), monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), and platelet-to-HDL ratio (PHR). The percentage of energy from UPFs (%Kcal) was determined. Weighted linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between UPFs intake and these biomarkers. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed to verify the consistency of the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean %Kcal UPFs was 48.82 % with the standard deviation (SD) of 19.05 %. Crude and adjusted models confirmed positive correlations between UPFs consumption and biomarkers. After adjusting for various confounders, per SD increase in %Kcal UPFs was significantly associated with the increases of 12.595 in SII, 0.027 in SIRI, 0.035 in NLR, 0.148 in NHR, 0.044 in LHR, 5.980 in PHR, and 0.014 in MHR (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). No significant associations were observed for PLR and LMR. Consistent positive results were found in quartile analysis and sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analysis revealed that alcohol and tobacco use may interact with UPFs intake to affect HDL-based biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High UPFs intake was associated with elevated levels of immune-inflammation biomarkers in the general healthy population, highlighting the need to promote natural dietary patterns and reduce UPFs consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36125,"journal":{"name":"Human Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 200339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}