Nutritional considerations for vegetarian athletes: A narrative review

IF 1.9 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Fernando Luna , Eugenio Viviani Rossi , Ezequiel Martín Arrieta
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Abstract

In recent times, we have witnessed a growing interest in vegetarian diets among the sports community. Athletes follow these dietary patterns for various reasons, including health benefits, sustainability, animal welfare and spirituality. However, because some studies have shown a negative effect of vegetarian diets on physical performance, there is a prevailing concern that a vegetarian diet may not fully meet athletes'nutritional requirements. Therefore, in this narrative review, we comprehensively examine the nutritional considerations relevant to athletes adhering to various types of vegetarian diets. In particular, we analyze the evidence regarding energy, macronutrients, micronutrients and creatine. The current evidence suggests that well-planned vegetarian diets, which may include eggs and dairy, are suitable for meeting the specific requirements of athletes and allow performance levels similar to those observed in athletes with other well-planned dietary patterns. In addition, there is evidence highlighting the potential of vegetarian diets in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. However, vegetarian athletes need to be mindful of their dietary planning to avoid deficiencies in certain critical nutrients present in lower concentrations in vegetarian diets or whose absorption is hindered by certain chemical compounds found in plants. Thus, further research is needed in order to clarify some aspects of vegetarian nutrition in athletes.

素食运动员的营养注意事项:叙述性综述
近来,我们看到体育界对素食的兴趣与日俱增。运动员采用这种饮食模式有多种原因,包括有益健康、可持续发展、动物福利和精神信仰。然而,由于一些研究表明素食对身体表现有负面影响,人们普遍担心素食可能无法完全满足运动员的营养需求。因此,在这篇叙述性综述中,我们全面研究了与运动员坚持各种类型素食相关的营养注意事项。我们特别分析了有关能量、宏量营养素、微量营养素和肌酸的证据。目前的证据表明,计划周密的素食(可能包括鸡蛋和奶制品)适合满足运动员的特殊要求,并能使运动员的表现水平与采用其他计划周密的饮食模式的运动员的表现水平相近。此外,有证据表明,素食有可能降低心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病和某些癌症等非传染性疾病的风险。不过,素食运动员需要注意自己的饮食规划,以避免缺乏某些关键营养素,这些营养素在素食中含量较低,或因植物中的某些化学成分而影响吸收。因此,还需要进一步研究,以澄清运动员素食营养的某些方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Human Nutrition and Metabolism
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
审稿时长
188 days
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