{"title":"Technology Readiness Level as the Foundation of Human Readiness Level","authors":"George Salazar, M. N. Russi-Vigoya","doi":"10.1177/10648046211020527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211020527","url":null,"abstract":"Communication of the maturity of technology through the program/product life cycles helps enhance risk management from the beginning and support decision-making strategies for research, development, and allocation of resources. Currently, many organizations use the technology readiness level (TRL) as a simple metric to indicate the maturity of the technology. This article will discuss the TRL history, define the TRL levels, show how the TRL relates to the technology life cycle, and how the TRL framework contributes to the human readiness level (HRL) structure. Through the TRL advantages and disadvantages, this article will show how the TRL falls short in numerous areas of engineering, including the integration readiness of system/subsystem components and assessment of the readiness of the technology to operate within the human capabilities and limitations. Yet the article also shows how the TRL serves as the foundation for HRL.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127590855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Readiness Levels Promote Effective System Integration","authors":"B. Schwartz, Joan E. Dodson","doi":"10.1177/10648046211021250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211021250","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of a Human Readiness Level (HRL) scale is to indicate a developing system’s readiness for use by humans, that is, the maturity of human engineering efforts. We explore the factors driving the development of the HRL scale, how the scale enhances systems engineering and program execution, and potential shortcomings. We focus on the American National Standards Institute and Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (ANSI/HFES) 400-2021 standard, which includes an HRL scale and implementation guidance. Utilizing HRLs improves the integration of human systems considerations in the engineering process and results in improved system performance and life cycle concept realization.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114579135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing Authentic Diversity in the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Part 1","authors":"Erin K. Chiou, Rod D. Roscoe","doi":"10.1177/10648046211015749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211015749","url":null,"abstract":"This article is Part 1 of a two-part series reflecting on diversity within the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) and how the pursuit of “authentic” diversity is essential to HFES’s overarching goals for inclusion and equity. In Part 1, authentic diversity is discussed – what it means and what it might look like. Through this lens of authentic diversity, recent member demographics are reported. Part 1 concludes with a discussion about HFES’s growth potential, as a professional home for future scholars and practitioners, and the importance of measuring, documenting, and tracking organizational diversity and inclusion efforts across time.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123986617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redesign of a Transfusion Issue Form Using Human Factors Science","authors":"Laura H. Barg-Walkow, K. Annen","doi":"10.1177/10648046211014402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211014402","url":null,"abstract":"Blood transfusions are common procedures but are high risk for patient safety. Verification of the correct blood unit for the patient, assessments of the patient for symptoms of transfusion reactions, and quick responses to suspected reactions are the main interventions to ensure this process are safe. Each of these steps is aided by the transfusion issue form. We identified opportunities to use human factors principles to redesign and evaluate the form. We provide a discussion of the specific design changes and methods to facilitate use in other contexts.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116959289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving Noise Reduction With a Novel Lower Limb External Mechanical Compression System","authors":"K. Giuliano, Rachel A. Pozzar","doi":"10.1177/10648046211016690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211016690","url":null,"abstract":"Hospitals are one of the noisiest public environments in the United States, and hospital noise is associated with disrupted sleep. This study provides insights into the noise levels produced by three commonly used medical devices for mechanical deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis: the VenaFlow Elite System, the Kendall SCD Compression System, and the ArjoHuntleigh Flowtron. Noise levels produced were compared with a novel device, the RF Health MAC™ system, which was designed to provide improved comfort and noise reduction. Results suggest that future innovation in mechanical deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis should include efforts to reduce noise during operation.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Readiness Levels Explained","authors":"J. See","doi":"10.1177/10648046211017410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211017410","url":null,"abstract":"The Human Readiness Level scale complements and supplements the existing technology readiness level scale to support comprehensive and systematic evaluation of human system aspects throughout a system’s life cycle. The objective is to ensure humans can use a fielded technology or system as intended to support mission operations safely and effectively. This article defines the nine human readiness levels in the scale, explains their meaning, and illustrates their application using a helmet-mounted display example.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129134187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Factors and Multidisciplinary Response to COVID-19 Social Distancing","authors":"Lawrence A. Wolf, A. Shaver, Yuhao Peng","doi":"10.1177/10648046211016221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211016221","url":null,"abstract":"As health care organizations begin to recover from the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), we must provide careful modifications to ensure patient and staff safety. Human Factors Engineers conducted pilot studies to begin understanding the impact social distancing can have on required work tasks. Next, an enterprise-level Social Distancing Work Group developed a Quick-Start Guide with recommendations for facility/environmental changes as well as workflow/process changes. The work group met on-location with leaders and staff from various areas across the organization who needed additional guidance beyond the general recommendations. We leveraged our event-reporting software as a way for staff to report ongoing social distancing concerns.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela (Pam) A. Savage-Knepshield, Charles L. Hernandez, Scott O. Sines
{"title":"Exploring the Synergy Between Human Systems Integration and Human Readiness Levels: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"Pamela (Pam) A. Savage-Knepshield, Charles L. Hernandez, Scott O. Sines","doi":"10.1177/10648046211009718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211009718","url":null,"abstract":"Using a case study approach, this article explores the benefits of leveraging human readiness levels (HRLs) in conjunction with Human Systems Integration (HSI). The U.S. Army’s HSI program emphasizes front-end planning and emphasizes the use of soldier feedback to maximize influence on system design; however, it does not provide the methods by which this should be accomplished nor does it specify the metrics or measures for assessing the progress. This case study applies HRLs to an army software modernization program and provides an in-depth analysis of the HSI activities performed and the extent to which they addressed each question in the HRL scales.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128248823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: A Guide to Active Working in the Modern Office: Homo Sedens in the 21st Century","authors":"Jia-Hua Lin","doi":"10.1177/1064804621992096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804621992096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130879539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brendan A. Ciccone, Shannon K. T. Bailey, Joanna E. Lewis
{"title":"The Next Generation of Virtual Reality: Recommendations for Accessible and Ergonomic Design","authors":"Brendan A. Ciccone, Shannon K. T. Bailey, Joanna E. Lewis","doi":"10.1177/10648046211002578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211002578","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) device prices drastically declined in the past decade, leading to a shift in the VR market. As VR enters the mainstream, the design of both VR hardware and software must evolve to meet the needs of diverse users. Current systems appeal to niche consumers who are willing and able to use VR despite bulky hardware and accessibility barriers in software. The current review outlines the limitations of current VR systems and proposes ways in which designs can be iterated to produce more ergonomic and accessible systems for a broader range of users.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114351704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}