Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications最新文献

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Human Readiness Levels","authors":"Holly A. H. Handley","doi":"10.1177/1064804621995084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804621995084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125646589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment From the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"R. Maikala","doi":"10.1177/10648046211041614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211041614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126344291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Human Factors Evaluation of a Screening System for Diabetic Retinopathy Centered in Psychological Theory","authors":"Alexander T. Casimir, Adriana Pavone, Abby Faircloth, Amina Khan, Ommar Khawaja, L. Grace, S. Fransen, A. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1177/10648046211039911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211039911","url":null,"abstract":"People with diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness. Early treatment can preserve sight; however, screening rates are low. We utilized psychological theories of motivation in tandem with human factors tools such as heuristic evaluation and task analysis to develop interventions to improve screening rates at a single clinic. Interventions addressed the system of screening, from the patients and their choices to clinic workers, device usability, and the clinic environment. Findings showed potential solutions to the screening issue situated within the theory of planned behavior. Future steps are to refine interventions and measure effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129369772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Backplate Design for Mountain Bike Backpacks on Thermoregulation Mechanisms","authors":"Carolina Daza Beltrán, Erika Muñoz Larsson, Ricardo Fernando Otero Caicedo, Edna Constanza Rojas Losada","doi":"10.1177/10648046211034109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211034109","url":null,"abstract":"Using infrared thermography, we assess how a new backpack design for mountain bikers can contribute to their thermoregulation process and perceived comfort during a cycling activity in a controlled environment. We gathered qualitative and quantitative data of heat concentration areas on skin temperature and thermal comfort perception by comparing two types of backpacks: a conventional backpack and a novel backpack design. Our results show that a guaranteeing airflow due to distance between the user’s back and the backpack with a rigid backplate and an arc radius morphology improves heat dissipation and thermal comfort for mountain bikers.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"3 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125010824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Human Factors Fails: Intentional and Unintentional Bad Designs","authors":"P. Kortum","doi":"10.1177/10648046211033901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211033901","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of human factors is to create systems that can be easily used by their intended audience, while minimizing the number of mistakes that a user might make. However, sometimes human factors principles are applied in ways that makes a user’s task harder. Sometimes this is intentional, and the designer uses human factors as justification for creating an exclusionary design. In other cases, it is unintentional, and the application of human factors was done in a haphazard or incomplete way, with the resulting design at cross-purposes with the original intent. In either case, that’s bad human factors.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"1155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114165331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Factors Evaluation of Energy Visualization Dashboards","authors":"A. Nimbarte, Nathaniel Smith, B. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1177/10648046211028693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211028693","url":null,"abstract":"Energy visualization systems provide information about use in real-time to assist users with energy efficiency. In this study, three energy visualization dashboards for small businesses were developed and tested. Performance measurement, NASA Task Load Index (TLX) workload assessment, and posttest survey were used to conduct the usability testing. Compared with the dashboards that were designed using line charts and tables, a dashboard designed using visuals (e.g., gauges, pie charts, and flashing lights) produced quicker response time, lower mental and temporal demand and effort ratings, and higher ratings of engagement, interest, and trustworthiness.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132824315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Books Review: A Meaning Processing Approach to Cognition: What Matters?","authors":"L. Hettinger","doi":"10.1177/10648046211013031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211013031","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of transdisciplinary approaches to designing sociotechnical systems have become increasingly apparent in recent years. The emergence of insightful, actionable syntheses across diverse perspectives on issues of common concern is among its greatest advantages. Successful design depends on effective integration of relevant knowledge from across a range of expertise, relentlessly focused on users’ needs and the safety and quality of their experience. John Flach and Fred Voorhorst’s recent book extends this approach in important, new directions that will greatly expand readers’ understanding of the interactions among perceptual, cognitive, and contextual factors underlying system performance and user experience. Their book provides a pragmatic synthesis of theory, research, and practice from human factors and ergonomics (HFE), cybernetics, literature, philosophy, systems engineering, and diverse domains within psychology. The result is an approach to design focused on understanding and delivering “what matters” to users. At a high level, the importance of understanding what matters to users and how to design systems to provide it stems from the issue’s increasing existential significance. In the midst of rapidly changing technologies, clarity regarding our relation to them as humans, as well as the professionals who design and work with them, is essential. The importance the authors attach to this awareness is conveyed in their references to Pirsig’s (1975) “Metaphysics of Quality,” the view that our occasional or persistent sense of alienation from the technologies we interact with and rely on stems from insufficient clarity about or perceived control over our relation to them. From a systems design perspective, “alienation” of this sort can manifest as errors, poor performance, or a decision to not purchase a particular product. For example, the recent progress in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ ML) clearly affords many novel uses, some with promise for improving human life (e.g., decision support in emergency management, safe and reliable control of autonomous vehicles, etc.). Unsurprisingly, there are many important, unresolved questions involving issues such as how ML algorithms should be developed and adapted over time to ensure safe interactions with underlying systems, or how real-time decisions are to be made regarding handoff of control in autonomous vehicles. Flach and Voorhorst’s treatment of the nature of complexity, circular causality, and the relevance of these concepts for systems design is one of the book’s best discussions, and highly relevant to issues involving AI/ML design. Not all systems share the complexity of AI/ML, of course, but Flach and Voorhorst’s approach remains just as relevant. Within HFE, there is a residual belief that systems thinking only applies to complex systems, like autonomous vehicles. Yet this could only be true if even the simplest objects existed in a sociotechnical vacuum o","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122583713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Unusable Systems Can Be Successes: When You Are Not a Stakeholder","authors":"F. Ritter","doi":"10.1177/10648046211024866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211024866","url":null,"abstract":"I have recently used several systems that are not usable but have been declared successes. Success means that their use is increasing, no one was fired, and the usability problems are solved by the users who either work much harder or through surrogates. After defining usability, I describe these systems and provide a list of reasons why these systems are both unusable and successes, seemingly a paradox for human factors. The article concludes by explaining this paradox, noting several ways this can happen, particularly when stakeholders’ viewpoints are excluded or discounted by designers and by other types of users.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effectiveness of User Onboarding Solutions With Eye Tracking: A Case Study on Paint 3D","authors":"M. Megyeri, Bálint Szabó","doi":"10.1177/10648046211026028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211026028","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the user’s first experience with a new software application called the user onboarding process. In addition, we conducted a series of usability experiments with 18 participants, which were supported by eye tracking technology, to explore the effectiveness of different user onboarding solutions, exemplified by the newest version of Paint. We also explored users’ feedback on onboarding solutions in a series of interviews. The results showed that user onboarding solutions are generally effective, making it worthwhile for computer software companies to provide them to support new users’ activity as well as to increase the value of their products.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment From the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"R. Maikala","doi":"10.1177/10648046211014522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046211014522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115357106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}