Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications最新文献

{"title":"Human–Computer Interactive Gesture Feature Capture and Recognition in Virtual Reality","authors":"Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/1064804620924133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620924133","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of computer technology, the simulation authenticity of virtual reality technology is getting higher and higher, and the accurate recognition of human–computer interaction gestures is also the key technology to enhance the authenticity of virtual reality. This article briefly introduced three different gesture feature extraction methods: scale invariant feature transform, local binary pattern and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and back-propagation (BP) neural network for classifying and recognizing different gestures. The gesture feature vectors obtained by three feature extraction methods were used as input data of BP neural network respectively and were simulated in MATLAB software. The results showed that the information of feature gesture diagram extracted by HOG was the closest to the original one; the BP neural network that applied HOG extracted feature vectors converged to stability faster and had the smallest error when it was stable; in the aspect of gesture recognition, the BP neural network that applied HOG extracted feature vector had higher accuracy and precision and lower false alarm rate.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Machine Learning to Aid in Data Classification: Classifying Occupation Compatibility with Highly Automated Vehicles","authors":"A. Kamaraj, John D. Lee","doi":"10.1177/1064804620923193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620923193","url":null,"abstract":"Data classification is central to human factors research, and manual data classification is tedious and error prone. Supervised learning enables analysts to train an algorithm by manually classifying a few cases and then have that algorithm classify many cases. However, algorithms often fail to leverage human insight. To address this, we augment supervised learning with unsupervised learning and data visualization. Unsupervised learning highlights potential classification errors, explains the underlying classification, and identifies additional cases that merit manual classification. We illustrate this using the Occupational Information Network database to classify occupations as having tasks that might be performed in an automated vehicle.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132925480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Mobile Sensing and Machine Learning for Personalized Mental Health Care","authors":"M. Boukhechba, Anna N. Baglione, Laura E. Barnes","doi":"10.1177/1064804620920494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620920494","url":null,"abstract":"Mental illness is widespread in our society, yet remains difficult to treat due to challenges such as stigma and overburdened health care systems. New paradigms are needed for treating mental illness outside the practitioner’s office. We propose a framework to guide the design of mobile sensing systems for personalized mental health interventions. This framework guides researchers in constructing interventions from the ground up through four phases: sensor data collection, digital biomarker extraction, health state detection, and intervention deployment. We highlight how this framework advances research in personalized mHealth and address remaining challenges, such as ground truth fidelity and missing data.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116719146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Touch-and-Go: Interior Tactile Communication in Armored Fighting Vehicles","authors":"Nuphar Katzman, T. Oron-Gilad","doi":"10.1177/1064804619861240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804619861240","url":null,"abstract":"In armored fighting vehicles (AFVs), the vehicle commander (VC) and crew communicate through an audio system that all crew members inside the AFV can hear. This can be distracting and inconvenient, especially for effective communication between the VC and the driver. We assessed the feasibility and usability of a tactile system for direct communication between the VC and the driver in addition to (or instead of) the existing auditory system. Field experiment results show that, with or without auditory commands, tactile cues can be utilized to direct AFV drivers during operational tasks. Hence, specific design and implementation of a tactile interface should be considered for internal communication traffic.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory and Models for Designing With Respect to Time","authors":"T. Sheridan","doi":"10.1177/1064804619838091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804619838091","url":null,"abstract":"The April 2018 special issue of Ergonomics in Design was devoted to rethinking the human factors of designing with respect to time. Several articles implied that our profession has been negligent i...","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminance Contrast of Accessible Tactile Indicators for People With Visual Impairment","authors":"A. Lukman, C. Bridge, S. Dain, M. Boon","doi":"10.1177/1064804619841841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804619841841","url":null,"abstract":"Australia is one of only two known countries with a safety standard specifying levels of contrast required to provide accessible environments for people with visual impairment. However, these requirements were not developed based on empirical research involving people with vision loss. We investigated whether the level of luminance contrast in Australian accessibility standards, 30%, is adequate for people with visual impairments to detect and identify discrete tactile ground surface indicators over a range of contrasts with the background flooring before contact. We found that the 30% luminance contrast is adequate for people with low vision, although they preferred higher contrast.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115256551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment From the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"R. Maikala","doi":"10.1177/1064804620905855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620905855","url":null,"abstract":"The April edition of Ergonomics in Design examines the integration of visual, tactile, and/or auditory inputs to optimize designs for human use. Historically, more researchers have published on vision compared with other sensory modalities. This is unsurprising given that in the study of human factors, as in our daily lived experience, the visual modality tends to dominate spatial perception. The first article, by Lukman et al., examines this important modality vis-à-vis accessibility design standards for the visually impaired in the built environment. In this article, the authors considered whether the level of luminance contrast suggested in the Australian design standards was adequate for the participants, who were classified as either low vision or blind, when accessing public spaces. Using tactile ground surface indicators, especially the discrete type, on a variety of colored floor panels, the authors examined the level of contrast required to allow adequate warning of any upcoming danger in participants’ traveling path. The authors found that the minimum luminance contrast value (i.e., 30%) suggested within the current Australian accessibility standards is adequate for a majority of participants in detecting the discrete indicators from relatively safe distances on the travel path. However, participants preferred a contrast reserve, expressed as a ratio, that they could detect comfortably without having to realize the presence of tactile ground surface indicators at the limits of their contrast sensitivity. The authors further reported that higher the luminance contrast, greater the distance from which the participants could detect warning elements visually. Although the authors only reported the influence of discrete indicators and compared their findings with other published studies, their experimental findings are useful for human factors and ergonomics designers and architectural engineers in designing safe, optimal access to public spaces for the visually impaired. Furthermore, according to the design guidelines for the visual environment from the National Institute of Building Sciences (2015), “Illuminance is today’s standard design method, while luminance is tomorrow’s” (p. 14). Although modeling luminance-based design is complex due to factors such as viewer location, viewing angles, and floor surface characteristics, the authors were able to provide valuable insights into the “luminance” factor for the visually impaired in a laboratory “built environment” setting. In a similar vein, Katzman and Oron-Gilad’s article evaluates the integration of a tactile system with auditory communications in military environments. The authors took an off-the-shelf tactile display system and integrated it with the communication system in armored fighting vehicles to test its effectiveness for communication during an infantry training course. Team communication is critical for operating such vehicles because of the driver’s limited visual field and ","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Human Factors in Practice: Concepts and Applications","authors":"Alicia Borgman Fernandes","doi":"10.1177/1064804620905851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620905851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115781958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time – Our Greatest Tool: Do We Design With Respect to Time, or Is It That We Can Design Time Itself?","authors":"P. Hancock","doi":"10.1177/1064804620905397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620905397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133379271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Anthropomorphism of AI: How Humans and Computers Classify Images","authors":"Shane T. Mueller","doi":"10.1177/1064804620920870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620920870","url":null,"abstract":"Modern artificial intelligence (AI) image classifiers have made impressive advances in recent years, but their performance often appears strange or violates expectations of users. This suggests that humans engage in cognitive anthropomorphism: expecting AI to have the same nature as human intelligence. This mismatch presents an obstacle to appropriate human-AI interaction. To delineate this mismatch, I examine known properties of human classification, in comparison with image classifier systems. Based on this examination, I offer three strategies for system design that can address the mismatch between human and AI classification: explainable AI, novel methods for training users, and new algorithms that match human cognition.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126969916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}