Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications最新文献

{"title":"Development of Pictograms to Communicate Technological Solution Instructions (Labeling) Among Low-Literacy Users","authors":"W. Kisaalita, Edison J. Sempiira","doi":"10.1177/1064804620959145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620959145","url":null,"abstract":"Conveying information for appropriate use of devices is uniquely challenging in low-resource settings. Drug makers have previously developed culturally meaningful informational pictograms to, for example, convey timing of doses, among low-literacy patients. We tested a similarly structured process among Ugandan smallholder farmers. Over 67% of the pictograms scored a passing grade after the second round of testing, meeting our overall success criterion. The process is efficacious in developing instructional/teaching (labeling) pictograms. These findings can help solution/device developers for low-resource settings to provide correctly interpretable pictograms and thus eliminate misuse-driven low uptake.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131422983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value-Centered Design Process for User Experience Enhancement: A Case Study in the Development of a Notebook PC","authors":"Toshihisa Doi","doi":"10.1177/1064804620950594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620950594","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000, in the planning and development of products and services, providing users with a better experience when using products and services has become essential, resulting in a growing need for value-centered design that focuses on providing users with more attractive experience values. In this article, we introduce the value-centered product development process that has been used in the planning and development of notebook PCs, focusing on the experience value provided to the user.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122939963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems","authors":"Heather C. Lum","doi":"10.1177/1064804620950698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620950698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125427916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Sit-Stand Desk Usage by Desk-Mounted Sensors","authors":"Daniel Viggiani, Jeff M. Barrett, Eric Will, J. Callaghan","doi":"10.1177/1064804620947630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620947630","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying user behaviors at sit-stand desks is critical to understanding the efficacy of these workstations to reduce exposures to prolonged sitting or standing. A custom after-market desk-mounted sensor predicting sit-stand desk use by measuring desk floor heights, desk user distances, and the temperature in front of the desk was tested. The authors performed sensor component testing, a survey of desk height ranges, and a logistic model to estimate gross posture and user presence with a 95.6% accuracy rate. This approach can aid researchers and ergonomists in understanding sit-stand desk use in the field, with the end goal of reducing sedentary work activities.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary and Comprehensive Static Anthropometric Measurements of Jordanian Children for Various Age Groups","authors":"Morad Etier, Atif Alkhazali, Akram Alsukker, Ekhlass Al-Momani, S. Asha, Aya Al-sharif","doi":"10.1177/1064804620947002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620947002","url":null,"abstract":"This study measured 354 Jordanian children in six age group categories from 6 months to 9 years. The linear static measurements included the skeletal dimensions between body joints and the middle- and lower-body dimensions. The results showed negligible differences in seat height, seat depth, and seat width for males and females. However, desk surface height and elbow rest height differed for male and female children older than 5 years. These data can inform the design of various functional items such as tools, clothes, protective equipment, or furniture for Jordanian children.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125820399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Smart Infusion Pump Dedicated to Infusion Safety","authors":"Eric A. Smith, George Gray","doi":"10.1177/1064804620944760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620944760","url":null,"abstract":"A large-volume infusion pump is a medical device with a big job: infuse patients with life-sustaining fluids and medications at a known and controlled rate. And, do it safely. Because infusions are frequently administered therapies, the opportunity for use error–induced adverse events is amplified. To develop a safer infusion pump, Ivenix, Inc., committed to a comprehensive usability engineering effort that included over 400 hours of usability testing. As a result, the pump’s design includes risk controls for mitigating potential use errors not available on today’s pumps. The resulting product was the winner of the 2019 Stanley Caplan User-Centered Design Award.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"10 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Home Office: Ergonomic Lessons From the “New Normal”","authors":"K. Davis, S. Kotowski, D. Daniel, Thomas Gerding, Jennifer Naylor, Megan Syck","doi":"10.1177/1064804620937907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620937907","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of workers have been uprooted by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and been thrown into a “new normal” of working from home offices. To further complicate things, many individuals were provided with only a laptop and little, if any, education on setting up an ergonomically correct workstation. As a result, many home office–based workers potentially face suboptimal working conditions. Based on 41 home office ergonomic evaluations, most ergonomic concerns related to laptop usage, nonadjustable chairs without armrests, low monitor heights, and hard desk surfaces. If home-based office work continues, people need to understand the ramifications of poor workstation.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113954956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing for Physician Trust: Toward a Machine Learning Decision Aid for Radiation Toxicity Risk","authors":"Paige Gilbank, Kaleigh Johnson-Cover, T. Truong","doi":"10.1177/1064804619896172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804619896172","url":null,"abstract":"The application of machine learning (ML) technologies in health care is expected to improve care delivery and patient outcomes. However, there are no best practices for designing these technologies for use in clinical settings. To explore user needs and design requirements for a user interface of a ML risk prediction tool in development, we consulted with subject matter experts and physicians. We explored physician expectations of using a ML tool in clinical practice and their preferences on designs. Our process revealed physician perspectives on trusting a ML tool and opportunities to design for these considerations, while navigating ambiguity in the tool’s outputs.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124775815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Humanity of Humanless Systems","authors":"P. Hancock","doi":"10.1177/1064804619880047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804619880047","url":null,"abstract":"This work considers the future of human interaction with progressively more autonomous systems. I argue that the temporal dissonance between the human’s ‘cycle time’ and machine ‘cycle time,’ will become an overwhelming barrier to collaborative interaction. We may slow machines, we may buffer information exchange, we may default to meta-levels of strategic interchange but in the end all transparency of information interchange will dissolve under the driving influence of time. HF/E is thus already fighting rear-guard action. The question remains as to the sustenance of human quality of life in this evolving milieu.","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121655085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergonomics in AI: Designing and Interacting With Machine Learning and AI","authors":"N. Lau, Michael Hildebrandt, M. Jeon","doi":"10.1177/1064804620915238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1064804620915238","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) enable new types of autonomous systems that are changing our personal and professional lives. While there are plenty of stories about machine learning delivering the promise of a better future, such as autonomous vehicles for improving mobility, safety, and fuel efficiency, many examples have indicated great risks, such as bots on social media for spreading false information and manipulating public opinions. As machine learning approaches ubiquity in industrial systems and consumer products, Human Factors must innovate to support users in coping with emerging autonomous capabilities. The rise of machine learning technologies poses serious questions that have been discussed in the panels at the recent Annual Meetings of the Human Factors Ergonomics Society (Lau et al., 2018; Lau et al., 2019). How can we help users understand the autonomous capabilities developed through supervised or unsupervised learning? What kind of interactions could enhance cooperation between human and machine learning algorithms? We must also take advantage of machine learning techniques in advancing our own research and design science. How can we use machine learning in assessing human states and capabilities? How should we help incorporate human sensing into machine learning algorithms? In this special issue, we embrace the broad spectrum of research and design efforts that investigate machine learning for improving usability and safety of intelligent systems and consumer products. Our goal is to clarify the roles of Human Factors in contributing to a humanist perspective that considers the social, political, ethical and cultural factors of implementing AI into daily human–system interactions. At the same time, this special issue can only accommodate five articles, about one third of the submissions, after a rigorous peer-review process. So, what we have hoped to curate for the readers is an intellectually stimulating, short exhibit of our discipline in developing and applying next-generation AI. The first article in this special issue is a commentary by Hancock who envisions work to be eventually shared between self-evolving machines and humans. This vision of work challenges the Human Factors community to prepare for a future that requires designing interactions and user interfaces for machines whose behaviors we cannot fully anticipate and for work that we do not yet know. The second article by Zhang et al. speaks to the challenge of anticipating the consequences of machine learning in designing technology and making policy decisions. The authors use a speech recognition example to illustrate a violation of inclusivity in design. In their second example, they illustrate how a loan policy aimed at supporting a disadvantaged group ultimately harms the group in the long run. These examples raise questions about how Human Factors professionals can engage in a data-driven design process and how to develop “explainable” AI t","PeriodicalId":357563,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125274218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}