{"title":"Strain measurement in the microstructure of advanced electronic packages using digital image correlation","authors":"N. Shishido, T. Ikeda, N. Miyazaki, Y. Honmachi","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598240","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the sizes of electronic products have been decreasing rapidly, with many electronic devices embedded in print circuit boards (PCBs), a phenomenon known as system in package (SiP). In the near future, not only passive devices but also active devices are embedded in the PCBs. It is thought that stress and strain around embedded devices affects the functions of embedded devices. A measurement system of stress and strain in the microstructures of PCBs is needed. In this study, a system for measuring thermal strain in the micro region of PCBs using the digital image correlation method (DICM) in conjunction with an optical microscope was developed. The accuracy of the measurement of thermal strain was verified by measuring the distribution of strain on the surface of a homogeneous aluminum alloy that is heated uniformly. Then, the strain distribution in a PCB was measured using the developed system. Although the measured distribution of strain in the PCB using the DICM was very complicated, the warpage of the PCB calculated from the measured strain accurately corresponded with the macroscopic warpage measured using a laser displacement meter. The accuracy of measurement was affected by the image distortion caused by the optical system and by the nonlinearity of the image sensor of the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. An error correction method was introduced into the present measurement system to increase the system's accuracy.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133617136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability analysis of embedded chip technique with design of experiment methods","authors":"Xiuzhen Lu, Liu Chen, Z. Cheng, Johan Liu","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents reliability and failure analysis of embedded components on the liquid crystalline substrate. First, a demonstration module for embedded technology is fabricated. Then it is put into thermal cycling to find out the most obvious failure. 3D FEM analysis is employed to investigate the failure mode. A design of experiment method is conducted to obtain the optimal structure of embedded chip components.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130697624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pelzer, V. Dragoi, D. Swinnen, P. Soussan, T. Matthias
{"title":"Wafer-scale BCB resist-processing technologies for high density integration and electronic packaging","authors":"R. Pelzer, V. Dragoi, D. Swinnen, P. Soussan, T. Matthias","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598259","url":null,"abstract":"IC performance is drastically limited by line-to-line capacity coupling and RC interconnect delay times resulted from the continuous increase in integration densities with 0.10/spl mu/m line and space width approaches, as well from increased signal frequencies. The new achievements in terms of circuit lines shrinkage emphasize the need for the introduction of Cu and low-k dielectric materials The main properties of the dielectric materials required for a large field of versatile applications/designs can be summarized in: isotropic dielectric constants (2.65-2.5@ 1MHz-10GHz), good thermal stability, low CTE and a good adhesion to different substrates. Commercially available benzocyclobutene (BCB)-based polymer dielectrics, like cyclotone from Dow Chemical Company can fulfil these demands. The new materials not only opened new application areas, but also penetrated well established technologies. The extensive field of BCB-based applications ranges from interlayer dielectric applications - chip stacking by vertical 3D interconnections, to pad redistribution layers and device encapsulation. These technologies realized in vertical interconnection and wafer-level packaging (WLP), are viable solutions for increasing electronic device functional density and reducing total packaging costs. This paper reports on different BCB applications for wafer-to-wafer adhesive bonding for 3D integration, sprays coating for encapsulation and photo-structuring using a proximity mask aligner for pad redistribution and integrated passives.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Turbulence modelling for electronic cooling: a review","authors":"K. Dhinsa, C. Bailey, K. Pericleous","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended to provide a general review of the current capabilities of turbulence models within the specific area of electronic cooling. The work discussed in this paper is aimed at examining currently available turbulence models and the formulation of a new two-layer hybrid k/spl epsiv//kl model which is specifically designed for electronic application areas. A classic backward facing step configuration was used to evaluate the performance of the turbulence models in the prediction of separated flows. The preliminary results suggest that the hybrid k/spl epsiv//kl turbulence model is a promising zonal model to pursue.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130303583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of capacitors selection and placement to the ESL and ESR","authors":"H. Since, S. Sijher Taninder, Beh Jiun Kai","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598272","url":null,"abstract":"High frequency capacitors are used in the power delivery network for decoupling solution. From the impedance in frequency domain, those capacitors which are located near the load current provides the high frequency decoupling solution rather than the capacitors further away. Therefore, embedded package capacitors are desired due to its high frequency decoupling effect. However, in high frequency region, inductance of the capacitors (ESL) is sensitive and can introduce high resonant in the power delivery network. The resonance causes large spike or droop if the resonate frequency is hit. In order to reduce the ESL, the placement of capacitors is important to create smaller loop inductance. The paper discusses the methodology used to model the actual capacitor placement using electrical parameters. A study on the two terminal capacitor for various package designs is done to investigate the impact of different geometry. The paper also discusses the impact of series resistance to the power delivery resonance and how it can be optimized in the capacitor placement.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on long life large-deflective hinges in molded pantograph mechanisms based on cyclic load-bending fatigue test","authors":"M. Horie, Y. Okabe, M. Yamamoto, D. Kamiya","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598250","url":null,"abstract":"A molded pantograph mechanism consisted of large-deflective hinges and links is used in a new surface mount system proposed by Mikio Hone. To obtain long life, large-deflective hinges, we showed the method to conduct the repetitive tensile-compressive and bending test on a hinge specimen, and manufactured experimental equipment for a fatigue test. We also evaluated the test equipment and confirmed its effectiveness. The materials of the large-deflective hinge were selected as follows: (1) polypropylene(PP), (2) polymerization blend PP (A1 /spl sim/ A4) which we call PP+R-TPO, that is, the thermoplastic elastomer to which PP monomer and ethylene are polymerized by multistep, (3) machine blend PP (B1 /spl sim/ B3) called PP+EPDM that PP and ethylene propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) were mechanically mixed using a mixer, and (4) another machine blend PP (B1 /spl sim/ B3)(+MAH-PP) that we mixed maleic anhydride modified PP (MAH-PP) with the above (3) machine blend PP. The hinge specimen used for the fatigue test was made with the injection molding machine. From the relationship between the number of cycles leading to the fracture of the hinge and the repetitive tensile-compressive loads in the fatigue test, it has been confirmed that the difference in hinge thickness and the difference in the materials greatly influenced the inner damage of the hinges.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124266971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an automated X-ray inspection method for microsolder bumps","authors":"A. Teramoto, T. Murakoshi, M. Tsuzaka, H. Fujita","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598229","url":null,"abstract":"BGA, CSP, and flip-chip packages are widely used in printed circuit boards. These packages use an array of solder bumps as the electrical junction. To reduce the failures in manufacturing and after long-term use, solder bump inspection is strongly required for quality control. In this paper, we propose an automated inspection method for microsolder bumps using an X-ray image. The thickness, area, volume, and void of the solder bumps were automatically inspected by this method. We introduced some correction techniques to reduce the effects of variation in the X-ray intensity and the spatial nonuniformity in the image. In this experiment, we evaluated accuracy and repeatability. The results demonstrated that the accuracy and repeatability met the requirement for online inspection. In conclusion, our automated method for inspecting microsolder bumps may be useful in practice.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress intensity factors of interface corners","authors":"C. Hwu, T. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598271","url":null,"abstract":"Stress singularity usually occurs near the interface corners, which may initiate failure of structures. Although several detailed studies have been done about the determination of their associated singular orders and stress intensity factors, very few failure criteria for general interface corners were successfully established based upon these parameters. Even the cracks in homogeneous media or the cracks lying along the interface between dissimilar materials are the special cases of the interface corners, the definitions of stress intensity factors proposed in the literature are usually not consistent with that of cracks. Thus, to have a universal failure criterion for the homogeneous cracks, interface cracks and interface corners, a unified definition for the stress intensity factors is indispensable. Moreover, according to the experience of crack problems, finding a stable and accurate approach to calculate the stress intensity factors is also important. Based upon the analytical solutions obtained previously for the multibonded anisotropic wedges and the well-known path-independent H-integral, in this paper we provide a unified definition and a stable computing approach for the stress intensity factors of interface corners.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131437514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue crack growth in lead-free solder joints","authors":"M. Omiya, K. Kishimoto, M. Amagai","doi":"10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMAP.2005.1598267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the fatigue crack growth behaviors of lead-free solder joints. Metallurgical interactions occur between solders and electrical pad metals in fabrication process and these intermetallic compounds continue to grow during service periods. Due to its brittle nature and lattice mismatch, the solder cracks tend to be generated near the compounds and these cracks affects the mechanical integrity of solder joints. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of intermetallic compounds development on the mechanical properties of the solder joints. In this paper, we focused on the low cycle fatigue of solder joints and investigate the effects of intermetallic compounds development on the fatigue life and the fatigue crack growth behavior of the solder joints.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115670175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Miyazaki, M. Oomiya, H. Inoue, K. Kishimoto, M. Amagai
{"title":"Evaluation of fatigue strength for solder joints after thermal aging","authors":"T. Miyazaki, M. Oomiya, H. Inoue, K. Kishimoto, M. Amagai","doi":"10.1299/JSMEZAIRIKI.2004.0_253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/JSMEZAIRIKI.2004.0_253","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, preventing environmental pollutions, leadfree (Pb-free) solders are about to replace tin-lead (Sn-Pb) eutectic solders. Sn-Ag-Cu alloys are leading candidates for lead free solders. In this study, we carried out board level fatigue tests and investigated the fatigue life of several lead free solder joints. Also, the effects of pad finish metals and their thickness were investigated.","PeriodicalId":352550,"journal":{"name":"2005 International Symposium on Electronics Materials and Packaging","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121579491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}