Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

{"title":"Reduction of aflatoxin B1 in wheat using Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to Vacuum: Process optimization and effect on kernel color and texture","authors":"Alaa Abou Dib,&nbsp;André El Khoury,&nbsp;Charbel Afif,&nbsp;Sami El Khatib,&nbsp;Jean Claude Assaf,&nbsp;Espérance Debs,&nbsp;Nicolas Louka","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing occurrence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in cereals urges the need for effective post-harvest mitigation strategies. This study evaluated Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to Vacuum (IVDV) as a rapid thermomechanical treatment for reducing AFB₁ in wheat contaminated at 30 μg/kg, while assessing its impact on selected quality attributes and optimizing the trade-off between toxin reduction and product quality. Response Surface Methodology was used to investigate the effects of saturated steam pressure and exposure time on AFB₁ reduction. Wheat kernels spiked with AFB₁ at 30 μg/kg were treated with pressures ranging from 2.2 to 7.8 bar and exposure times from 7.6 to 92.4 s. AFB₁ concentrations were quantified by HPLC-FLD. IVDV achieved AFB₁ reduction rates ranging from 22.97% to 50.21%. The predictive model identified 7 bar and 92 s as the optimal operating conditions, corresponding to an AFB₁ reduction of approximately 49%. Within the investigated processing range, IVDV significantly affected kernel color (ΔE = 4.35-10.34), hardness (8.64-14.2 N), and fracture count (4.9-9.2), thereby influencing wheat quality and potential milling performance. Multiple-response optimization identified pressure-time combinations that maximize AFB₁ reduction while either preserving kernel quality attributes or inducing desirable textural modifications. Although the residual AFB₁ concentrations remained above the regulatory limits, the findings demonstrate that IVDV is an effective and rapid thermomechanical approach for partial AFB₁ mitigation in wheat, achieving toxin reductions within seconds while allowing process conditions to be tailored according to quality objectives. Further validation under industrially relevant conditions is required to confirm its practical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148739354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the growth and trends of plant adaptogens in food: A comprehensive analysis of literature and market insights","authors":"Carla N. Molina,&nbsp;Fatma Boukid,&nbsp;Jordi Mañes Vinuesa,&nbsp;Martin G. Scanlon","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptogens are natural substances derived from plants that help the body adapt to different stress conditions. They are recognized for their health-promoting properties, including treating diseases such as cancer, and managing mental and behavioral disorders. However, the presence and application of adaptogens in food systems beyond dietary supplements remain poorly understood. This study uniquely bridges this gap by systematically examining the occurrence of key adaptogenic plants, <em>Rhodiola rosea</em>, <em>Panax ginseng</em>, <em>Eleutherococcus senticosus</em>, <em>Withania somnifera</em>, and <em>Schisandra chinensis</em>, in commercially available food products and comparing these market insights with current scientific literature on these adaptogenic plants. Using bibliometric analysis of scientific publications from 1945 to 2025 and a comprehensive market survey of food products from 2002 to 2025, the study maps research trends alongside global product launches. The results reveal a strong research focus on physiological effects, but limited incorporation of adaptogens in diverse food categories. Market data indicated growing consumer interest, primarily in supplements and beverages, highlighting the untapped potential for food innovation in major categories such as bakery products and snacks. Overall, this study identifies a mismatch between the growing commercialization of adaptogen-containing products and the limited scientific validation of their efficacy when incorporated in complex food matrices. Accordingly, adaptogen-enriched bakery, snack, dairy, and cereal-based products are key targets for future functional food research and innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148739359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of water-fertilizer management for machine-harvested cotton under mulched drip irrigation using Entropy-TOPSIS analysis","authors":"Changxue Wu,&nbsp;Junxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Yongmei Xu,&nbsp;Yeshan Zhang,&nbsp;Xi Lan,&nbsp;Xiangwen Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing water and fertilizer management is critical for improving cotton productivity and resource use efficiency in arid regions. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) ratios and water-fertilizer coupling on nutrient accumulation, yield formation, and resource use efficiency of machine-harvested cotton under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang, China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to identify the optimal N-P-K ratio and subsequently evaluate the interactive effects of irrigation and fertilization. An entropy weight-TOPSIS model was employed to integrate multiple agronomic and resource use indicators, enabling an objective and comprehensive evaluation of water-fertilizer management strategies. The results showed that nutrient accumulation followed a typical growth pattern, with the greatest demand occurring during the flower and boll stages. Compared with low irrigation, moderate irrigation combined with an appropriate fertilizer rate promoted nutrient accumulation in reproductive organs, significantly improved seed cotton yield by 28.4%, while achieving the highest nitrogen use efficiency (48.0%). Comprehensive evaluation consistently identified the combination of 270 kg N/hm² and 100% ET irrigation (345 mm) as the optimal management strategy. These findings demonstrate that integrating optimized nutrient management with appropriate irrigation effectively improves cotton productivity and resource use efficiency. The proposed water-fertilizer strategy provides practical guidance for precision irrigation and fertilization, while the entropy weight–TOPSIS approach offers a potential decision-support tool for comprehensive evaluation of agronomic management practices in arid and semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103214"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic drivers of red-flesh coloration in apple","authors":"Eloïse Trompette,&nbsp;Tony Wahab Akakpo,&nbsp;Jean Belleville,&nbsp;Sylvain Hanteville,&nbsp;Frédéric Bernard,&nbsp;Bénédicte Fontez,&nbsp;Patrice Loisel,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Fanciullino,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Celton","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for new apple cultivars, particularly red-flesh varieties, has surged in recent years. Fruit red-flesh coloration results from anthocyanin accumulation and is regulated by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. While the effects of climatic factor such as light and temperature have been studied, their combined and dynamic impacts on coloration at harvest under orchard conditions remain poorly understood. To investigate genotype <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> environment interactions, we implemented a non-targeted, multi-site approach based on six red-flesh genotypes cultivated across five sites with contrasting climates. Using image analysis and climatic data, we developed statistical models to determine the implication, the ranking and the combined effects of climatic factors on red-flesh color intensity depending on fruit developmental phases. Our results highlight the key roles of maximum air temperature, difference between day and night temperatures, and relative air humidity in red-flesh color development. We characterized their combined effects and identified optimal climatic ranges according to the fruit developmental phase. Finally, we identified significant genotype <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> environment interactions highlighted by allele-dependent responses to climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The combination of a complex non-microbial biostimulant and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases yield under salt stress in lettuce and tomato by enhancing energy metabolism” [J. Agric. Food Res. 30 (2026) 103174]","authors":"Patricia Benito,&nbsp;Marina Celdrán,&nbsp;Javier Bellón,&nbsp;Vicente Arbona,&nbsp;Miguel Gonz'alez-Guzmán,&nbsp;Rosa Porcel,&nbsp;Lynne Yenush,&nbsp;Jose M. Mulet","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable strategy for saline agriculture: Integrating magnetoelectric brackish water and Bacillus subtilis to enhance water productivity and crop yield","authors":"Qingyuan Lei,&nbsp;Haokui Yan,&nbsp;Wanghai Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Qu,&nbsp;Mingxiu Li,&nbsp;Yangze Huo,&nbsp;Ming Zheng,&nbsp;Mingjiang Deng,&nbsp;Ping'an Jiang,&nbsp;Asim Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization and water scarcity severely constrain agricultural productivity in arid regions, necessitating innovative approaches to manage multiple stresses. Despite their individual benefits, the combined effects of magnetoelectric water treatment and microbial amendments on saline-stressed crops remain unclear. This study investigated how magnetoelectric brackish water (MB) irrigation and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> jointly regulate the rhizosphere water–salt environment and enhance pakchoi (<em>Brassica campestris</em> L.) productivity. A pot experiment tested two irrigation sources (brackish water, B; MB) combined with six <em>B. subtilis</em> rates (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 g kg⁻¹). MB irrigation enhanced soil water retention by 10.9-56.3% and increased desalination efficiency over 30.0% in the 0-20 cm depth compared with conventional brackish water. The combined application of MB with 30 g kg⁻¹ B<em>. subtilis</em> optimized pakchoi growth dynamics through the Logistic model, increasing maximum plant height by 25.7% and maximum leaf area index by 26.0% relative to controls. This treatment enhanced photosynthetic capacity (<em>P</em>_nmax: 26.33 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and achieved highest yield (56.57 t ha⁻¹), representing a 53.7% increase over conventional brackish water. Mantel tests and regression analyses revealed that growth traits strongly correlated with yield (r = 0.61-0.85, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with optimal <em>B. subtilis</em> application at 37.9 g kg⁻¹ under MB irrigation predicted to achieve 54.64 t ha⁻¹. Comprehensive TOPSIS evaluation identified MB + 30 g kg⁻¹ B<em>. subtilis</em> as the optimal treatment (C = 0.984). These findings elucidate the physiological and agronomic basis of magnetoelectric water–microbe combined effects in saline agriculture, offering preliminary pot-scale evidence for sustainable crop management in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103048"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148644732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing indigenous knowledge, science, and nonfarm diversification for climate adaptation and food security: A gender-based analysis in rural Cameroon","authors":"Boris D. Soh Wenda,&nbsp;Hamza M. Njoya,&nbsp;Saubaber G. Longang,&nbsp;Muhammad Arshad,&nbsp;Ernest L. Molua,&nbsp;Stefan Sieber,&nbsp;Katharina Löhr","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we use a gender lens to evaluate the effects of different types of climate change adaptation practices on food security in Cameroon. The study is based on a rich farm household data collected from different agroecological zones of Cameron following a multistage sampling procedure. We consider adaptation practices to be (i) indigenous and local knowledge-based, (ii) scientific knowledge-based, and (iii) nonfarm diversification-based. We apply multiple correspondence and hierarchical clustering analyses to identify four distinct types of adaptation practices: Type 1, indigenous and local knowledge-based practices; Type 2, practices based on nonfarm diversification; Type 3, a combination of indigenous, local, and scientific knowledge-based practices; and Type 4, a mix of indigenous, local, scientific knowledge-based and nonfarm diversification-based practices. We find that female and male farmers apply different types of adaptation practices, with female farmers relying mostly on Types 1 and 2. The estimates from the multinomial endogenous switching regression and robustness checks suggest that Type 2 adaptation reduces exposure to severe food insecurity and improves dietary diversity. Types 3 and 4 adaptation improve dietary diversity but increase vulnerability to severe food insecurity. Type 1 adaptation could reduce exposure to severe food insecurity. These results are consistent across genders. Our findings highlight the existence of trade-offs between food security outcomes associated with various adaptation bundles. This challenges the often-implicit assumption that more intensive or integrated adaptation strategies are always welfare-improving. These insights add depth to the adaptation literature and have clear implications for the design of climate adaptation interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103143"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of quality traits in ‘Lamb Hass’ avocado under Mediterranean conditions","authors":"Paloma Quintanilla,&nbsp;Nariane Q. Vilhena,&nbsp;Almudena Bermejo,&nbsp;Rebeca Gil,&nbsp;Alejandra Salvador","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avocado has successfully adapted to Mediterranean climates, driving the recent expansion of European production. The late-maturing cultivar ‘Lamb Hass’ offers an advantage for extending the avocado season while shortening supply chains to European markets, thereby reducing the carbon footprint. However, limited information is available on the seasonal evolution of this cultivar under Mediterranean conditions. This study aimed to evaluate changes in key physicochemical parameters of ‘Lamb Hass’ avocado across the harvest period in two consecutive seasons. Fruit quality dynamics were strongly influenced by both harvest timing and seasonal conditions. As the season advanced, peel color shifted toward darker reddish tones, while flesh color became more intensely yellow, which was associated with dry matter accumulation. Seasonal differences were also observed, with fruit from the second season showing higher dry matter content, probably due to warmer conditions that accelerated ripening. The phenolic profile of the peel was strongly modulated by maturity stage, with most compounds declining as the harvest season progressed, whereas anthocyanin levels increased steadily, contributing to peel darkening. The PCA revealed a positive relationship among dry matter, peel color (parameter a*) and anthocyanins content, supporting the potential of color attributes as reliable non-destructive indicators of fruit maturity. Overall, this study provides new insights into the physiological and biochemical changes of ‘Lamb Hass’ avocado under Mediterranean conditions, highlighting the importance of harvest timing and seasonal variability in determining fruit quality and the need to develop new maturity indices for this cultivar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103183"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148739358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating carbon footprint: Integrating nitrified urine fertilizer in two hydroponic tomato cultivation systems","authors":"Mareike Mauerer,&nbsp;T. Rocksch,&nbsp;S. Karlowsky,&nbsp;I. Mewis,&nbsp;G. Bornemann,&nbsp;U. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The replacement of mineral fertilizers with recycled nutrients from waste streams addresses the pressing need to reduce crop production carbon footprint. Recent research has demonstrated the successful use of nitrified human urine fertilizers in hydroponic tomato cultivation. However, regarding the accumulation of ions such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻, the feasibility of their use in commercial greenhouse production systems has not yet been evaluated. Our study aimed to assess the influence of nitrified urine fertilizer on plant physiology, product quality, fertilizer use and greenhouse gas emissions from the rootzone for recirculating hydroponic systems. In a two-factorial experiment, tomatoes (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> cv. ‘Avalantino’ F1) were cultivated in a recirculated nutrient solution using drip irrigation on rockwool or nutrient film technique. Two nutrient solution treatments were applied: one containing calcium-rich nitrified urine fertilizer along with mineral fertilizers, and another based solely on mineral fertilizers serving as the control treatment.</div><div>Our findings demonstrate that tomatoes can be grown in recirculating hydroponic systems using nitrified urine fertilizer without experiencing significant yield reductions. The urine fertilizer solution was discarded twice at a sodium concentration of 12 mM. No significant differences in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and total contents of secondary metabolites in fruit were observed between the fertilizer treatments. In the nitrified urine treatments, high sodium and calcium concentrations did not affect potassium nutrition, but high calcium concentrations necessitated higher magnesium supply. 94% of nitrogen, 13% of potassium, and 7% of phosphorus were provided by the nitrified urine. Depending on emissions related to urine fertilizer production, this may result in a reduction of overall production carbon footprint.</div><div>Our study supports the feasibility of nitrified urine fertilizer utilization in commercial hydroponic tomato production, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to reduce the carbon footprint associated with conventional mineral fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103178"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational development of betaine based solvents for the extraction of poplar propolis","authors":"Jeslin Cheruvathoor Jenny,&nbsp;Piotr Marek Kuś,&nbsp;Piotr Szweda","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Propolis is honey bee based plant sourced resinous material with multiple health benefits. The compositional distinctiveness of propolis makes standardisation of propolis extract challenging, while the demand for alternatives to conventional solvents for the extraction of propolis persists. This study focuses on betaine-based deep eutectic solvents with ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol. Solubility of model compounds present in poplar propolis is theoretically predicted with COSMO RS and solvent systems with highest solubility were designed to extract five different propolis samples. Seven deep eutectic solvents were initially prepared and the extraction efficiency was assessed in terms of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. HPLC analysis indicated that most of the ethylene glycol and propylene glycol based solvents prepared extracted more than 80% flavonoid of its ethanolic counterpart. Addition of betaine increased the viscosity of the solvent systems, resulting in variation in extraction efficacy from the predicted pattern. Hence, three deep eutectic solvents- Betaine:Ethylene Glycol(1:3), Betaine:Propylene Glycol (1:4) and Betaine:Glycerol (1:2), with high viscosity were selected and systematically diluted with 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% water and used for extraction. Hydration of solvents improved the extractability of Betaine:Ethylene Glycol (1:3), Betaine:Propylene Glycol (1:4) in varying extends. The study identified the possibility of use of betaine-based solvents as sustainable alternative for ethanolic extracts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}