Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

{"title":"Meta-analysis of konjac glucomannan derivatives: Linking polymer modification to gut microbiome diversity and SCFAs production via in vitro human fecal fermentation models","authors":"Lidong Xia,&nbsp;Xinyang Xiong,&nbsp;Alireza Asem,&nbsp;Zhongming Li,&nbsp;Wen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Konjac glucomannan (KGM), a natural water-soluble dietary fiber with a unique molecular architecture, exhibits prebiotic potential for gut microbiome modulation but demonstrates inconsistent effects across populations due to unresolved controversies regarding its mechanism of action and inter-individual response variability. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis integrating 49 pairs from 10 <em>in vitro</em> human fecal inoculum fermentation trials, employing mixed-effects models and collaborative analysis to quantify formulation-specific effects of KGM derivatives on microbial structure and metabolic output. Our analysis reveals that hydrolyzed KGM derivatives significantly enhance alpha diversity (Shannon diversity, ln[<em>RR</em>] = 0.485, 95% CI: [0.291, 0.679]; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) while suppressing ecological dominance (Inverse Simpson index, 95% CI: [-0.807, −0.409], ln[<em>RR</em>] = −0.608, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), achieving more equitable species redistribution. Temporal extension of fermentation drives substantial metabolic reprogramming, elevating butyrate production (+1390%, 95% CI: [1.25, 4.14], ln[<em>RR</em>] = 2.70, <em>P &lt; </em>0.001). Notably, structural-functional decoupling (mean |<em>r</em>| = 0.14) necessitates distinct optimization strategies for ecological versus metabolic outcomes. These findings provide a framework for precision nutrition interventions, providing a biochemical reference for condition-specific microbiome modulation targeting dysbiosis correction, metabolic disorders, or systemic stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103158"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148644735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-offs and synergies of integrated nitrogen–sulfur management for sustainable Indian mustard: yield, profitability, and soil resilience under semi-arid conditions","authors":"Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Sanjay Singh Rathore,&nbsp;Kapila Shekhawat,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Vijay Singh Meena,&nbsp;Subhash Babu,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar Upadhyay,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Prajapati,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasanain,&nbsp;Avaneesh Kumar,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur (S) is becoming increasingly widespread in Indian agricultural soils because of intensive cropping, declining soil organic matter, reduced atmospheric deposition and leaching losses, thereby limiting oilseed productivity and soil health. Although micronized sulfur fertilizers offer improved nutrient synchronization, information on their optimum source, rate, and application timing remains limited. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate micronized sulphonated urea formulations (US-I and US-II), applied either as basal or split, in comparison with ammonium sulfate, bentonite sulfur, single superphosphate and sulfur-unfertilized control in Indian mustard. Sulfur uptake followed a distinct temporal pattern, with 8-12% during early vegetative growth, 50-60% from the early vegetative stage to flowering, and 30-40% from flowering to seed filling, highlighting the importance of sustained sulfur availability during reproductive growth. Split application of US-II and US-I significantly improved sulfur availability, nutrient-use efficiency, microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase activities, and maintained balanced soil nitrogen dynamics compared with conventional sulfur sources. These improvements resulted in the higher nitrogen- and sulfur-use efficiency (48.3 and 24.3%, and 47.5 and 23.0%, respectively), seed yield (2.76 and 2.74 Mg ha⁻¹), and net returns ($1323 and 1277 ha⁻¹) under split application of US-II and US-I, respectively. Overall, synchronizing sulfur supply with crop demand through split application of micronized sulphonated urea enhanced crop productivity, nutrient-use efficiency, profitability, and soil biological functioning. This strategy provides an effective approach for improving sulfur management and promoting sustainable Indian mustard production in semi-arid agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103167"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of crossbreeding parameters for egg production and egg quality traits of Lohmann Brown and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds","authors":"Kwena Mokoena,&nbsp;Vusi Mbazima,&nbsp;Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crossing chickens to improve egg quality and production is a breeding strategy aimed at boosting performance through heterosis. However, the effects of crossing exotic and indigenous breeds on these traits are poorly understood. This study aimed to predict how crossbreeding parameters affect egg quality and production by crossing Lohmann Brown (LB) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) breeds. Egg quality and production traits were measured from three hundred and fifty-two (n = 352) chickens. Researchers estimated crossbreeding parameters, including heterosis, direct additive effect, maternal effect, and reciprocal effects. Results showed crossbreds had higher mean body weight (1765.31 ± 44.77g) for egg production, while pure breeds had higher mean values for most egg quality traits, such as shell weight (6.025 ± 0.07g), egg diameter (41.79 ± 0.35 mm), and egg length (53.55 ± 0.31 mm). The direct additive effect, maternal effect, and heterosis were generally positive for most egg production traits, except for hen housed production. The maternal and direct additive effects were positive for yolk weight and negative for most other traits. Heterosis estimates for external egg quality traits were positive for shell weight, unit surface area, and shell ratio. Direct additive and maternal effects were positive for egg length and egg diameter. The study concludes that PK use improved most studied traits, likely due to the untapped genetic potential of indigenous chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103154"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148645293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock production efficiency, technological heterogeneity, and total factor productivity dynamics in the world's top 50 livestock-producing countries","authors":"Wasi Ul Hassan Shah,&nbsp;Gang Hao,&nbsp;Rizwana Yasmeen,&nbsp;Jie Wu,&nbsp;Shuangye Cai,&nbsp;Xiaowei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock production plays a critical role in global food security and economic development, yet significant disparities in productivity and efficiency persist across regions. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of global livestock productivity by simultaneously evaluating technical efficiency, technological heterogeneity, and productivity dynamics across 50 major livestock-producing economies, an integrated approach that addresses a critical gap in the existing literature, where these dimensions have largely been examined in isolation. The study employs an integrated analytical framework that combines: (i) a Slacks-Based Measure DEA model to estimate group-specific and meta-frontier efficiency scores; (ii) meta-frontier analysis to compute technology gap ratios (TGRs) across income groups; and (iii) the Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index to decompose total factor productivity change into efficiency change and technical change components. The findings show significant differences in efficiency. High-Income countries exhibit near-frontier performance, with meta-frontier efficiency of 0.8163 and technology gap ratio of 0.9355, indicating strong technological alignment with global best practices, followed by Lower-Middle Income (0.7278, TGR 0.7569) and Upper-Middle Income (0.6612, TGR 0.8006), while the Low-Income countries achieved 0.8508 LSPE-MF and 0.8508 TGR. 19 countries, including Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, and Viet Nam are at the global efficiency frontier. Global TFP increased by an average of 2.0% annually, largely due to improvements in technical efficiency (2.1%), while technological progress contributed only marginally (−0.1%). The capacity for productivity growth is highest in Lower-Middle Income countries, with both efficiency improvement and technological progress contributing to productivity growth on average of 2.8% per year, while Low-Income countries experience productivity decline (MLI = 0.922) through severe efficiency decline. The Kruskal-Wallis test also shows that the differences in LSPE-MF, TGR and MLI are statistically significant for p = 0.000, p = 0.000 and p = 0.001, respectively. The results suggest that most of the gains in global livestock productivity in the 24-year study period have been realized across existing livestock frontiers, rather than by innovations in the frontier. Policies must focus on the transfer of technologies to the less developed regions and greater investments in livestock research and development to speed convergence to the global production frontier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103168"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct anti-hyperuricemia mechanisms of polysaccharide-rich and non-polysaccharide fractions from Lentinula edodes water extract","authors":"Xinyi Xiong,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Liping Liu,&nbsp;Jie Feng,&nbsp;Jie Geng,&nbsp;Jinyan Wang,&nbsp;Jingsong Zhang,&nbsp;Yanfang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperuricemia (HUA) is associated with excessive uric acid (UA) production, impaired excretion, and systemic metabolic disturbances. This study investigated the differential anti-HUA mechanisms of two fractions derived from <em>Lentinula edodes</em> (<em>L</em>. <em>edodes</em>) water extract (LEW): the ethanol-supernatant fraction (non-polysaccharide, LEPS) and the ethanol-precipitated fraction (polysaccharide-rich, LEP). Physicochemical characterization revealed marked compositional differences between the two fractions. LEP was highly enriched in carbohydrates (83.36%) and mainly consisted of heterogeneous high-molecular-weight polysaccharides, whereas LEPS contained a lower carbohydrate content (34.35%) and was dominated by low-molecular-weight constituents (M_<em>w</em> = 5.20 × 10² g/mol). In HUA rats, LEPS exhibited a superior UA-lowering efficacy, primarily attributed to potent inhibition of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, thereby suppressing UA production, along with marked amelioration of liver injury. In contrast, LEP played a major role in ameliorating renal injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Mechanistically, LEP effectively downregulated renal reabsorption transporters (URAT1, GLUT9), upregulated secretory transporters (OAT1, ABCG2), and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity <em>via</em> upregulating tight junction proteins. Multi-omics analysis revealed that LEPS mainly modulated amino acid and redox-related metabolic pathways (tyrosine, nicotinate metabolism), whereas LEP predominantly regulated lipid metabolism and inflammation-associated pathways (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid metabolism). Both fractions reshaped gut microbiota composition and increased total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as specific beneficial bacteria such as <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>. In conclusion, <em>L. edodes</em> fractions exerted anti-HUA effects through differentiated mechanisms, supporting their targeted utilization in functional products for HUA management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103165"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HS-SPME-GC-MS-based analysis of the response characteristics and correlations of calcium fractions and volatile flavor metabolites in Cerasus humilis fruit under low-light environment","authors":"Jingru Li,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Bingcheng Guo,&nbsp;Jinli Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cerasus humilis</em> (Bge.) Sok (<em>C. humilis</em>) is a perennial deciduous shrub endemic to China, widely known as “calcium fruit” for its highest calcium content among common fruits, and bears high economic, ecological and nutritional values. Calcium is a key mineral element regulating fruit flavor quality formation, yet the synergistic change characteristics of different calcium fractions and volatile flavor metabolites under low light, as well as their potential association mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Taking the main cultivar ‘Nongda. 4’ as material with 50% shading treatment, this study systematically analyzed the dynamic changes of calcium fractions and response characteristics of volatile metabolites at three key developmental stages (fruit coloring-expansion stage S1, hard mature stage S2, full ripe stage S3), and dissected the association patterns between calcium fractions and differential volatile metabolites via multivariate statistical analysis. Results showed that: (1) Low light significantly altered the accumulation and interaction patterns of calcium fractions in fruits, inducing transient accumulation of total calcium, calcium pectate and calcium phosphate at S1, and inhibiting the continuous increase of water-soluble calcium at S3. (2) It disturbed core amino acid, carbon and lipid metabolic pathways, significantly suppressed characteristic fruity aroma accumulation at S3 and delayed fruit aroma ripening process. (3) Low light reshaped stage-dependent calcium-volatile association patterns, deviating from normal light trajectories; the correlation pattern between calcium oxalate and flavor metabolites shifted notably, and calcium morphological distribution was more closely associated with calcium-flavor association patterns than total calcium content. This study fills the research gap on synergistic changes and association patterns between calcium metabolism and flavor quality in stone fruits under low light, providing a scientific basis for calcium nutrition regulation and flavor quality improvement in protected <em>C. humilis</em> cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148741006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securing agricultural IoT at scale: A review of lifecycle controls, patchability, and EU regulatory pressures","authors":"Valentin-Alexandru Vlăduţă,&nbsp;Emil Marian Pasca,&nbsp;Oliviu Matei","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precision agriculture represents a transformative approach to farming, leveraging digital technologies to optimize productivity, sustainability, and resource efficiency. However, its rapid digitization introduces a growing attack surface, making cybersecurity and ethical governance increasingly critical (Adewusi et al. 2023). This survey provides a structured and interdisciplinary extension of a previously published paper (Vlădută et al. 2026) on cybersecurity challenges in precision agriculture, with a particular focus on emerging threat patterns, vulnerability propagation across cyber–physical systems, and regulatory-technical misalignments. The methodology combines thematic literature synthesis, regulatory analysis (e.g., GDPR, NIS2, CRA), and case-driven insights to map the landscape of threats and mitigation strategies. Given the importance of the topic and the regulatory approach presented, we considered that it will benefit the specific literature to extend the initial paper and offer more context to the readers while minimizing overlap, given the initial positive feedback received on the first paper. The study identifies three critical gaps: (1) regulatory-technical implementation challenges due to misaligned compliance models, (2) lack of traceability for cascading vulnerabilities in IoT-based systems, and (3) underdeveloped frameworks for human-centered cybersecurity in agricultural operations. Additionally, the article highlights the absence of structured agri-specific cyber threat intelligence (Ag-CTI) and adversarial robustness in AI-based agronomic systems. By integrating ethical considerations and security-by-design principles, this review offers a foundational agenda for future research and development in agri-cybersecurity. As the food industry becomes increasingly dependent on data-driven systems (Kasar et al. 2025), ensuring a resilient and ethically aligned digital infrastructure in agriculture emerges as a global imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103152"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology, ecology, and integrated management of Helopeltis spp.: A systematic review","authors":"Shivaji Hausrao Thube,&nbsp;M.S. Smitha,&nbsp;Omprakash Navik,&nbsp;K. Vanitha,&nbsp;Babasaheb B. Fand,&nbsp;Vishlesh S. Nagrare,&nbsp;Rachna Pande,&nbsp;G.T. Behere,&nbsp;M. Pushpalatha,&nbsp;Vivek Shah,&nbsp;T. Prabhulinga,&nbsp;Priyank H. Mhatre,&nbsp;Ankush S. Gadge,&nbsp;Durgesh Kailas Narwade,&nbsp;R. Thava Prakasa Pandian,&nbsp;Naduvilthara U. Visakh,&nbsp;V.N. Waghmare","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tea mosquito bug (<em>Helopeltis</em> spp.; Hemiptera: Miridae) is one of the most damaging pests of tropical and subtropical agriculture in 32 countries, inflicting damage on high-value crops, including tea, cashew, cocoa, and guava. Its wide geographical distribution, strong polyphagy infesting more than 100 host plant species, and ability to thrive across varied microclimates have facilitated frequent outbreaks, resulting in yield losses of 40-50% and significant quality deterioration. This review synthesizes information from 99 peer-reviewed studies identified through a PRISMA-based systematic search, complemented by bibliometric mapping, to elucidate the biological, ecological, and management dimensions of this species complex. <em>Helopeltis</em> biology is characterized by high fecundity, overlapping generations, and marked phenotypic plasticity, whereas population dynamics are governed by host phenology, humidity, and moderate temperatures. Although natural enemies, particularly <em>Oecophylla</em> ants, reduviid predators, and egg parasitoids (<em>Telenomus cuspis</em>), provide substantial suppression, their effectiveness is often undermined by the intensive use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Current management predominantly depends on chemicals augmented by cultural practices; however, increasing pesticide resistance, climate-driven range expansion, and the lack of truly resistant cultivars pose major challenges. Integrated Pest Management approaches that emphasize threshold-based interventions, conservation biological control, and selective biopesticides offer more sustainable pathways. Emerging molecular tools, including RNA interference and CRISPR-based strategies, hold promise for targeted suppression and host resistance, although substantial gaps remain in their field delivery and adoption. This systematic review highlights the need for coordinated transdisciplinary initiatives to develop climate-resilient management frameworks that would reduce chemical dependence while ensuring crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched rice produced by Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T seed priming enhances barrier protective and neuroprotective bioactivity in vitro co-culture","authors":"Elsa Easter Justine,&nbsp;Hyo-Jun Lee,&nbsp;Eun Jin Heo,&nbsp;Eul-Su Choi,&nbsp;Minh Ha Le,&nbsp;Seulah Lee,&nbsp;Choonseok Lee,&nbsp;Ki-Hong Jung,&nbsp;Yeon-Ju Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing functional metabolites in staple crops is crucial for maintaining their nutritional and health-promoting values. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a bioactive compound with recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, its enrichment in rice through sustainable practices remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of <em>Paenibacillus yonginensis</em> DCY84^T rice seed priming on postharvest rice metabolite accumulation and associated bioactivities. DCY84^T seed priming altered rice grain metabolite profiles, increasing bioactive compounds including GABA, gamma-oryzanol, and amino acids, with enhanced ABTS radical scavenging capacity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). GABA content increased approximately 2.0-fold and 1.4-fold in the SN21 and SN22 cultivars, respectively, accompanied by coordinated upregulation of gene encoded to GABA biosynthesis key enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase. The metabolite-enriched rice extract mitigated lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in a Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture model by preserving tight junction protein expression and suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production. In a Caco-2/SH-SY5Y gut-brain axis model, the rice extract reduced IL-8 secretion by approximately 1.5-fold and increased synaptophysin expression by 1.63-fold, indicating neuroprotective potential. Additionally, DCY84^T seed priming reshaped the soil microbiome toward taxa associated with secondary metabolite accumulation, including <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em>, <em>Solibacteraceae</em>, and <em>Rhizobiaceae</em>. Overall, priming rice seeds with DCY84^T displayed a microbe-plant-metabolite strategy to enhance postharvest rice nutritional quality, attributed with health benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of enterprise diversification and organic management on productivity, carbon balance, energy use, and soil health in integrated farming systems","authors":"Biswajit Pramanick,&nbsp;Devendra Singh,&nbsp;Rajaram Choudhary,&nbsp;Pravesh Kumar,&nbsp;Kaushal Kishor,&nbsp;Gangadhar Nanda,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diversification of enterprises and adoption of suitable management practices in integrated farming systems (IFS) are essential for improving production sustainability and reducing environmental footprints. The present study comprised a four-year evaluation of diversified IFS models managed using conventional chemical-based and organic farming-based practices. This study evaluated the impact of enterprise diversification and management practices (chemical and organic) on productivity, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon budgeting, energy dynamics, and soil properties under different IFS models. The systems ranged from a less diversified rice-wheat + mango + fishery model (IFS₁) to a highly diversified system integrating rice-field pea-<em>Sesbania</em> + mango + guava + banana + turmeric + fishery + duckery + poultry (IFS₄). Results indicated that increasing diversification significantly improved system productivity and production efficiency, with organically managed IFS₄ recording the highest productivity [55.1 Mg rice equivalent yield (REY) ha⁻¹] and production efficiency (151.0 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). Greenhouse gas emissions declined markedly with diversification and organic management, with organic IFS₄ emitting only 1980 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹ y⁻¹, representing a 56% reduction compared with chemical IFS₁. Carbon sequestration increased progressively across diversified systems and reached a maximum of 6650 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in organic IFS₄, resulting in the highest net carbon balance (4670 kg CO₂-e ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) and carbon sustainability index (3.36). The organic farming-based IFS₄ also exhibited superior energy performance, achieving higher energy output (760 × 10³ MJ ha⁻¹), net energy gain (706 × 10³ MJ ha⁻¹), energy use efficiency (13.87), and energy productivity (1.006 kg MJ⁻¹) while reducing specific energy requirements. Furthermore, soil organic carbon and available N, P, and K improved significantly under this diversified IFS₄, reflecting enhanced nutrient cycling and resource recycling. These findings demonstrate that integrating multiple crop, horticultural, fishery, and livestock enterprises under organic management substantially enhances productivity, resource-use efficiency, and environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the organically managed, highly diversified IFS₄ (rice-field pea-<em>Sesbania</em> + mango + guava + banana + turmeric + fishery + duckery + poultry) emerged as the most productive, energy-efficient, and climate-resilient farming system, offering a viable pathway for sustainable agricultural intensification and long-term farm sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}