Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

{"title":"Recovering bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of medium roasted spent coffee grounds through varied hydrothermal brewing cycles","authors":"Nur Maiyah ,&nbsp;Soraya Kerdpiboon ,&nbsp;Suriyan Supapvanich ,&nbsp;William L. Kerr ,&nbsp;Pongsert Sriprom ,&nbsp;Natthaporn Chotigavin ,&nbsp;Wanwimol Klaypradit ,&nbsp;Tongchai Puttongsiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are the residual product from brewing coffee and contain valuable bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of hydrothermal brewing cycles on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of medium roasted Arabica (A) and Robusta (R) SCGs. SCGs from A and R were prepared using 3 levels of brewing cycles at 92–95 °C/900 kPa. The SCGs were collected and air dried at 60 °C to achieve a moisture content of less than 4 % wb. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging showed that brewing increased SCGs porosity, allowing more moisture retention and enhanced extraction of compounds on subsequent cycles. SCGs also became less pigmented after additional brewing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the retention of chemical components after each cycle, indicating a level of stability in the functional groups. Ethanol extraction yielded higher total phenolic content (TPC), while water extraction resulted in greater total flavonoid content (TFC); however, both decreased with additional hydrothermal brewing cycles. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid were more abundant in ethanol extracts, whereas water extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (measured by ABTS and FRAP), particularly in Robusta SCGs. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity were reduced with additional SCGs brewing. Significant correlations between TPC, TFC, caffeine, and antioxidant measures underscore the potential for the sustainable reuse of SCGs as a bioactive resource. Overall, hydrothermal brewing cycles enhanced the extraction and utilization of bioactive compounds from SCGs, contributing to the development of value-added products that promote health and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algal peptides for future food: Key players and multifaceted agents in the fight against cardiometabolic syndrome","authors":"Pirel Aulia Baravia ,&nbsp;Faqrizal Ria Qhabibi ,&nbsp;Edwin Hadinata ,&nbsp;Steffinna Heronna Helda Katuuk ,&nbsp;Ricky Indra Alfaray ,&nbsp;Derren D.C.H. Rampengan ,&nbsp;Rony Abdi Syahputra ,&nbsp;Nurpudji Astuti Taslim ,&nbsp;Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata ,&nbsp;Trina Ekawati Tallei ,&nbsp;Agussalim Bukhari ,&nbsp;Fahrul Nurkolis","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis, that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies highlight the therapeutic potential of algae-derived peptides in mitigating these conditions. These bioactive peptides exert anti-obesity effects by enhancing PPAR-γ activity, reducing white adipose tissue (WAT), and regulating malonyl-CoA synthesis in hepatocytes, which is essential for lipid metabolism. Additionally, they activate the AMPK pathway, promoting GLUT-4 translocation and improving insulin sensitivity, thereby reducing the risk of type II diabetes. In terms of cardiovascular health, algae peptides demonstrate potent anti-hypertensive properties by inhibiting renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), thereby modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Furthermore, their strong antioxidant activity mitigates oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting endothelial cells, and preventing vascular inflammation. These antioxidant effects contribute to their anti-atherosclerotic potential by suppressing atheroma formation and preserving arterial function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ILeVO and Gaucho seed coatings on the suppression of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi in wheat","authors":"Haohao Ren ,&nbsp;Juan Ma ,&nbsp;Rongchao Li ,&nbsp;Qian Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaokai Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Haoguang Meng ,&nbsp;Jiangkuan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Heterodera filipjevi</em> is one of the most important pathogenic nematodes affecting wheat production and its economic returns. Seed coating is the most convenient and effective method for preventing and controlling cereal cyst nematodes in China. From 2018 to 2019, the highest control effect of ILeVO (120 mL/100 kg) for <em>H. filipjevi</em> reached 21.27 %. Compared with that of the control plants (306.9 g/m²), treatment with 120 mL/100 kg of ILeVO increased the yield (420.13 g/m²) by 36.90 %. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that ILeVO combined with Gaucho exerted a greater effect on <em>H. filipjevi</em> suppression than did ILeVO alone. From 2019 to 2020 and 2020–2021, <em>H. filipjevi</em> suppression by ILeVO (80 mL/100 kg) + Gaucho reached 29.65 % and 30.88 %, respectively. Moreover, the combination of ILeVO and Gaucho enhanced the agronomic characteristics of wheat and provided a substantial yield increase. Under the Gaucho treatment, the wheat yields from 2019 to 2020 and 2020–2021 were 448.00 and 425.33 g/m², respectively, whereas those under the treatment with 80 mL/100 kg of ILeVO + Gaucho were 498.33 and 495.00 g/m², respectively, increasing by 11.24 % and 16.38 %, respectively. The combination of ILeVO and Gaucho reduced ILeVO use, effectively suppressed <em>H. filipjevi</em> and increased the wheat yield, offering a novel approach for <em>H. filipjevi</em> prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of advanced extraction techniques to obtain bioactive enriched extracts from garlic (Allium sativum L.) by-products","authors":"Ignacio Jiménez-Amezcua ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Soria ,&nbsp;Marina Díez-Municio ,&nbsp;María Luz Sanz ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Ruiz-Matute","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) residues generated during its production are very abundant and their disposal can have a negative impact on the environment, in addition to entailing high management costs for producers. On the other hand, the numerous health benefits of garlic associated to its composition in organosulfur compounds (OSC), bioactive carbohydrates (BCH) and free amino acids (AA), among others, could be also attributed to these discarded residues. Therefore, there is great interest in the development of new, efficient, fast and environmentally friendly extraction methodologies of bioactive compounds for the revalorization of these by-products.</div><div>Thus, in this work, new ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methodologies were optimized using experimental designs to efficiently obtain multifunctional extracts from different garlic by-products. Stems were selected as the most promising bioactive source for their highest content of bioactive compounds. Concentration of bioactives extracted by these techniques were compared with those achieved by conventional solid liquid extraction (SLE). Among them, the optimized UAE methodology (40 °C, 60 min and 77 mg mL⁻¹) was selected as optimal and applied to garlic stems of different ecotypes and stages of plant growth, obtaining high concentrations of OSC (e.g. <em>S</em>-allyl-L-cysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenyl-L-cysteine and <em>S</em>-allyl-mercaptocysteine), BCH (<em>myo</em>-inositol, neokestose, 1-kestose, nystose and neonystose) and free AA (glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine and threonine). Thus, UAE extracts of garlic stems are therefore proposed as a very interesting source of bioactive compounds to be used as food ingredients and as a way for revalorization of garlic by-products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of low-fat mozzarella cheese with basil seed and taro root mucilage as natural fat replacers through chemical and rheological analysis","authors":"Aqsa Akhtar ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Araki ,&nbsp;Tatsuki Kamata ,&nbsp;Daisuke Nei ,&nbsp;Nauman Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mozzarella cheese (MC) is a widely consumed soft, fermented, dense proteinous cheese with unique viscoelastic behavior. MC behaves like a soft solid at ambient temperature and undergoes melt as temperature increases to 70 °C, aided by fats in cheese. However, reducing dairy fats in MC tends to affect its chemical, texture, and viscoelastic properties by making it rubbery. This study was planned to evaluate and compare the effect of basil seed mucilage (BSM) and taro roots mucilage (TRM) as a fat replacer to improve the stretching and viscoelastic attributes of low-fat mozzarella cheese (LFMC). BSM and TRM were added at concentrations of 1 %, 2.5 %, and 5 % (v/v) during the formulation of LFMC samples. The results of the physicochemical analysis presented a significant difference in fat content (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and the lowest value reported for negative control (T∗) and LFMC samples with 1 % BSM (BT₁) of 14.32 % and 14.82 %, respectively. In texture, among all observed parameters, the most prominent was hardness, and out of all the samples, T_o exhibited the highest value (9.93 × 10⁴ N/m²), followed by 8.69 × 10⁴ N/m², 8.65 × 10⁴ N/m², 6.73 × 10⁴ N/m² for BT₁, BT_2, and TT₃, respectively. Based on the results, the MC samples, including T_o, BT₃, and TT₃, required a low shear stress of 1000 Pa to deform at 70 °C compared to other samples. This shows that a high concentration of plant mucilage of 5 %, as in BT₃ and TT₃, presents the same cohesiveness as the T_o. The results of the rheological analysis showed that LFMC with BSM were less cohesive, compact, and experienced low-stress deformation. On melting at 70 °C, the viscoelastic attribute among all LFMC with mucilage was dominant as G″ &gt; G′ in LFMC indicated softer liquid-like properties. Overall, the results concluded that preserving the appropriate casein-to-fat ratio using up to 2.5 % (v/v) BSM followed by 2.5 % (v/v) TRM can better preserve the rheological characteristics of LFMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of citrus peels valorisation in circular bioeconomy","authors":"Harsh Kumar ,&nbsp;Shivani Guleria ,&nbsp;Neetika Kimta ,&nbsp;Eugenie Nepovimova ,&nbsp;Daljeet Singh Dhanjal ,&nbsp;Nidhi Sethi ,&nbsp;Tejas Suthar ,&nbsp;Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh ,&nbsp;Béla Kovács Bela ,&nbsp;Endre Harsányi","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived biomass, in particular, offers a raw material that is potentially cost effective in producing affordable food, energy, feed, sanitation, and clean drinking water. Citrus fruits have been extensively documented for their beneficial health effects and significant contribution to agricultural waste worldwide as fruit peels, which are often discarded and hence remain unexploited. Polyphenols found in citrus peels have health-promoting benefits and serve as catalysts/resources for producing valuable ingredients. The current review highlights the exploitation of citrus peels in the production of biofuels, essential oils, bio-based nanomaterials, and the enrichment of functional foods, thus highlighting their nutritional and health benefits. Conclusively, the review comprehensively aligns with sustainable practices in the agro-industrial sector, alongside the circular bioeconomy concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Households’ food consumption status and asset accumulation in the context of export market orientation: A case of avocado producers in Ethiopia","authors":"Mengistie Mossie ,&nbsp;Tigist Genanew ,&nbsp;Asres Elias ,&nbsp;Tadsa Chanie","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the impact of export market participation on households' food consumption status and asset accumulation in northwestern Ethiopia. It draws on cross-sectional data from 297 randomly selected small-scale avocado producers. To strengthen the reliability of the findings, the study utilized a robust regression model, mitigating potential bias from self-selection. The descriptive results show that while staple cereals dominate household diets, accounting for 80 % of food consumption, nutrient-dense foods such as eggs, meat, and fish remain under-consumed. The study results reveal that export market participation had not brought any significant improvements to the households’ asset accumulation, while the calorie consumption status experienced positive and statistically significant improvements but relatively small impact. The findings suggest that targeted awareness creation programs, technical support, and financial assistance are crucial to enhancing avocado farmers' access to export markets, which could ultimately lead to better household nutrition and asset accumulation status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Pistacia vera pollination: Phenological and aerobiological insights into the main commercial varieties","authors":"Luis Burgos -Miranda ,&nbsp;Jose Oteros ,&nbsp;Rocío López- Orozco ,&nbsp;Carmen García-Llamas ,&nbsp;Carmen Galán ,&nbsp;Sergio Castro-Garcia ,&nbsp;Herminia García-Mozo","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pistachio tree (<em>Pistacia vera</em> L.) is a dioecious anemophilous crop with a high economic importance. Nevertheless, it is scarce knowledge about floral phenology and pollen aerobiology of their varieties. Pistachio crop surface is sharply increasing in the Mediterranean basin, due to it is highly adaptable to abiotic stresses. This favors a more sustainable and biodiverse agriculture in the dry areas. The main problem that pistachio crop is facing today are phenological reproductive asynchronies between male and female trees, increased by climate change. The present work analyses phenological and pollen aerobiological dynamic of 23 varieties (9 males and 14 females) for 2019 to 2023 in an orchard located at Córdoba (South Spain). Results showed a staggered flowering timeline firstly in males, being the earlier male varieties, Azkar Randy, C-special, and IA13, flowering in early March, while later males were IA3 and Nazar flowering up to 2 weeks after. The aerobiological pollen curve reflected this gradual although showing time differences between years. The most disturbing results correspond to female cultivars flowering later than males, with a short matching period in cases. Statistics identified the different degrees of reproductive synchronization between sexes, revealing significant variations depending on varieties' couples. The highest phenological matching was for Randy with Golden-Hill (80 %), Avdat with IA13 and IA3 (75 %) and IA3 with Kastel (70 %). However, traditional couples like Peter and Kerman showed a lower coincidence (40 %). To note that only 16 of the 126 potential couples, presented a matching percentage ≥60 %, which is an acceptable minimum threshold to decide to plant together. The results of the study are essential for understanding the pistachio's flowering patterns, pollen aerobiology and potential couples' matching, helping companies and farmers for a better pistachio crop planning and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond phytic acid: Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic insights into its hydrolysis, transport, and metabolism","authors":"Suyun Choi,&nbsp;Sangyong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), often known as an antinutrient for its mineral-chelating properties, has emerged as a precursor to bioactive metabolites with significant health roles. Its hydrolysis, mediated by gut microbiota and host enzymes, generates lower inositol phosphates (IPs) and myo-inositol (MI), which are involved in gene regulation, signaling pathways, and metabolic processes. IP6 metabolism is highly variable among individuals, driven by differences in gut microbiota composition, genetic variability, and complex host-microbiome interactions. Microbial phytase activity varies with species diversity, contributing to the production of metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, which influence host health. Genetic variations in human phytase enzymes, nutrient transporters, and regulatory pathways further affect the metabolism of IP6 and its derivatives, shaping individual responses. These processes modulate immune function, cancer prevention, and other health-related pathways, but also underscore the duality of IP6, which offers antioxidant benefits and reduced glycation-linked diabetes complications while potentially chelating essential minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of IP6 hydrolysis, absorption, and metabolism, integrating findings from nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, and microbiome research. It highlights the potential of precision nutrition strategies by addressing individual variability in IP6 and IPs metabolic responses. The complexity of IP6 metabolism presents challenges but offers opportunities for personalized dietary interventions tailored to genetic and microbial profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic variation and seasonal effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain protein content and yield in tropical savannah environment","authors":"Jadsadapong Kunjaroenruk ,&nbsp;Sadawut Kulmanee ,&nbsp;Nattawut Singkham ,&nbsp;Sompong Chankaew ,&nbsp;Khundej Suriharn","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding seasonal responses of grain protein content in high-yielding rice varieties is crucial for developing value-added rice products. This study evaluated the variability in grain protein content and yield of forty-four diverse rice genotypes under tropical savannah conditions across rainy and dry seasons during 2023–2024. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype, season, and their interaction for most traits. Genotypic variation accounted for 59.7–74.0 % of the total phenotypic variance, indicating strong genetic control while acknowledging environmental influences. Additionally, seasonal effects contributed 0.4–5.6 % for protein content and 5.0–33.1 % for protein yield variation. Cluster analysis based on protein content and yield across rice fractions (paddy, brown, milled, and bran) classified genotypes into five distinct groups. CPHP1344 exhibited the highest protein content across all rice fractions, while Benjamook2 demonstrated superior protein yield while maintaining high grain yield. These genotypes showed contrasting responses to seasonal conditions, with protein content being more stable (20.4–26.5 % G × E interaction) compared to protein yield (18.7–39.8 %). These genotypes represent promising parental materials for breeding programs aimed at developing high-protein, high-yielding rice varieties. The significant G × E interactions suggest that selection for improved protein content should be conducted under multiple seasons to identify genuinely superior genotypes. The findings provide valuable insights for developing efficient breeding strategies for enhanced protein content in rice adapted to tropical savannah environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 101778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}