Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

{"title":"Global trade of medicinal and aromatic plants. A review","authors":"Sahar Zamani ,&nbsp;Mehran Fathi ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi ,&nbsp;Ákos Máthé","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are essential natural resources with applications in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and pesticides. With growing consumer preferences for natural products, the global trade of MAPs (HS code: 1211) has grown significantly. This study analyzed global MAP market trends using export and import data from the International Trade Center (ITC) from 2010 to 2023. During this period, global export and import values surged by 97.8 % and 98.1 %, reaching $4.18 billion and $4.25 billion, respectively, in 2023. China and India emerged as key exporters, with India achieving a 240 % growth in export value, while the United States, Germany, and Japan were leading importers due to high domestic demand and advanced processing infrastructure. HS 121190, comprising plants for perfumery, pharmacy, and pest control, accounted for over 90 % of total trade value, ranking as the 976th most traded product globally in 2022. MAPs prices vary by origin, with vanilla ($115–255.39/kg) as the most expensive and arugula ($0.12/kg) the cheapest. Certifications like WHO-GACP and GMP are critical for quality assurance, traceability, and market competitiveness. Challenges include overharvesting, habitat destruction, trade barriers, and inconsistent quality control, necessitating sustainable cultivation, advanced processing technologies, and harmonized regulations. While Asia-Pacific, led by China and India, dominates production due to biodiversity and supportive policies, Europe and North America focus on value-added re-export. This study underscores the pivotal role of MAPs in global trade. It also provides actionable insights for stakeholders to optimize strategies, embrace sustainability, and capitalize on the expanding demand for these versatile plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Erwinia amylovora-specific phages for biocontrol of fire blight disease in Tunisia","authors":"Emna Bouazizi,&nbsp;Yaakoub Gharbi,&nbsp;Hayet Hfayeth,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali Triki","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the isolation and characterization of <em>Erwinia amylovora</em>-specific phages for potential biocontrol of fire blight disease (FBD). A total of nine phages were isolated from infected pear trees and soil using a single plaque purification method, with four phages (pHEa1, pHEa2, pHEa3, and pHEa4) demonstrating the ability to initiate a lytic cycle on the <em>E. amylovora</em> strains. Morphological analysis classified pHEa1 and pHEa2 as Myovirus-like, while pHEa3 and pHEa4 were identified as Podovirus-like. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was determined to be 0.1, revealing varying latency periods and burst sizes among the phages. <em>In vitro</em> assays indicated that the phages effectively reduced <em>E. amylovora</em> populations, with plant-isolated phages exhibiting superior efficacy. Environmental stability tests showed that phages pHEa3 and pHEa4 maintained activity across a broader temperature range (5 °C–40 °C) and under neutral pH conditions. <em>In vivo</em> experiments utilizing a phage cocktail comprising all four isolated phages demonstrated that treated pear plants exhibited delayed disease symptoms and reduced mortality compared to untreated controls, with only one dead plant observed in the phage-treated group after two months, compared to eight in the untreated group. These findings underscore the potential of <em>E. amylovora</em>-specific phages, particularly in cocktail form, as a sustainable biocontrol strategy for managing fire blight disease in pear orchards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of added phytase and different dietary InsP6 levels on the structure and core microbiota of the digestive tract in broiler chickens","authors":"Ismael Rubio-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Stephanie Wolfrum ,&nbsp;Markus Rodehutscord ,&nbsp;Amélia Camarinha-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this research was to investigate the composition and shifts of the gut microbiota of broiler chickens in response to varying exogenous phytase combined with increasing levels of <em>myo</em>-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6) hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP₆) in the feed. The InsP₆ level was adjusted with the addition of oilseed meals (OSM) at the expense of maize starch. A secondary objective was to assess the existence of a core microbiota across the feed, litter and gastrointestinal tract (GIT).</div><div>A total of 840 Ross 308 broiler chickens were raised in 84 elevated pens in groups of 10. The treatments consisted of four feed mixtures (FM) designed to achieve 1.4 (FM1.4), 1.9 (FM1.9), 2.4 (FM2.4), and, 3.0 (FM3.0) g InsP6-P/kg, each combined with 500, 1500 or 3000 FTU phytase/kg.</div><div>In the crop and the ileum, <em>Lactobacillus</em> relative abundance decreased when OSM and phytase increased (p &lt; 0.05), while FM2.4 and FM3.0 were associated with increased <em>Ligilactobacillus</em> abundance across the GIT (p &lt; 0.05). No interaction effects were found across the studied sections (p = 0.22).</div><div>Four amplicon sequence variants (ASV), identified within the genera <em>Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus</em> were consistently found across the intestine sections. These four ASVs represented 58.9 % of the relative abundance in the crop, 72.9 % in the ileum and 29.7 % in the ceca. The results demonstrated that higher levels of OSM in the feed and exogenous phytase significantly affected these bacterial populations, decreasing <em>Lactobacillus</em> while increasing <em>Ligilactobacillus</em>, indicating independent effects of FM and phytase supplementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right combination of host instar and parasitoid age optimizes mass production of Tamarixia lyciumi, the nymphal parasitoid of goji berry psyllid Bactericera gobica","authors":"Qiaoling Lin ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Ruchen Fu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Xu ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goji berries are widely renowned for their nutritional and medicinal properties and are typically sold as dried fruit for their long shelf-life. <em>Tamarixia lyciumi</em> Yang is a nymphal parasitoid of the psyllid <em>Bactericera gobica</em> Loginova, a destructive pest of goji berry plants. The use of <em>T. lyciumi</em> for rapid impact through inundative biological control is gaining more attention. Understanding the relationship between parasitoid efficiency and host instar or parasitoid age can help improve the mass production of <em>T. lyciumi</em>. Here, we examined the influences of <em>B. gobica</em> nymphal instar (3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-instar) and female <em>T. lyciumi</em> age (1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-day-old), and their interactions on the parasitism capacity, offspring performance, and host-handling time of <em>T. lyciumi</em>. As host instars increased, we observed a decrease in the proportions of parasitized psyllids, parasitoid emergence, and emerging female parasitoids, as well as an increase in the developmental time of parasitoid larvae. A higher parasitism capacity and a shorter larval development time were found in 3- and 4-day-old parasitoids compared to 1- and 2-day-old ones, while the proportions of parasitoid emergence and emerging female parasitoids were unaffected by parasitoid age. Host-handling time, including probing, drilling, oviposition, and total time, increased with host instars but decreased with parasitoid age. Thus, combining 3rd- and 4th-instar psyllid nymphs with 3- and 4-day-old parasitoids may optimize the mass production of <em>T. lyciumi</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS method for pesticide residue detection in strawberries and associated health risks","authors":"Hasti Gordan ,&nbsp;Vahideh Mahdavi ,&nbsp;Moslem Basij ,&nbsp;Amin Mousavi Khaneghah","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based sample preparation method coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode was developed to determine the residues of the 35 most applied pesticides in strawberry greenhouses in Iran. The process was validated, and the linear dynamic range (LDR) of matrix-matched calibration curves was 0.005–0.5 μg/kg, with determination coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the method were in the range of 0.0001–0.0059 μg/kg and 0.0003–0.0197 μg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy and precision were studied at two concentration levels. The recoveries ranged from 70 % to 125 %, and the relative standard deviations (RSD%) for the three replicates were lower than 10 % for all analytes. The developed method was applied to 46 strawberry samples collected from Jiroft greenhouses in Kerman Province, and six pesticide residues were found at concentration levels exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs), including five fungicides: thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, penconazole, azoxystrobin, and iprodione, and one insecticide: profenofos. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)-based health risk assessment indicates that pesticide residues in strawberries, even at concentrations higher than the permissible limit, will not cause long-term health problems for adult and child consumers due to the low per capita consumption. Extending the pre-harvest intervals (PHI) or decreasing the application rates is recommended to minimize the amount of residue and potential hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of conservation practices’ effects on nutrients and sediment load reduction from commercial cotton fields using APEX","authors":"Arjun Thapa ,&nbsp;Niroj Aryal ,&nbsp;Michele L. Reba ,&nbsp;Tina Gray Teague ,&nbsp;Geoffrey K. Payne ,&nbsp;Anna Pieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping agricultural pollution sources typically requires extensive monitoring and resources but biophysical models can facilitate pollutant mapping from single or multiple agricultural areas within a watershed and offer a more efficient solution. This study employed the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model version 1501 to simulate nutrient and sediment loads, as well as crop yield, from commercial cotton fields under the presence and absence of a filter strip/cover crop treatment. The daily data used for model calibration and validation included total surface runoff, sediment and nutrient loads calculated from surface runoff samples collected at the edge of the 7.8 ha cotton control field during the study period from 2015 to 2022 in the Lower Mississippi River Basin in Arkansas. Sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation were performed using the APEX auto-calibration and uncertainty estimator for the control field. The calibrated model for the control field was then applied to the treatment field that had cover crops and filter strips. The model's performance was assessed using R², Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Percentage bias (PBIAS), and root mean standard deviation ratio (RSR). The analysis demonstrated that the implementation of cover crops and filter strips significantly reduced runoff, sediment, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen loads (p &lt; 0.05). The simulation results indicated that the cover crop and filter strip treatment reduced runoff by 41 %, sediment load by 58 %, total phosphorus (TP) by 63 %, and total nitrogen (TN) by 56 % compared to the control field. The simulated cotton yield results indicated no significant difference in cotton lint production due to the cover crop and filter strip applications (p &gt; 0.05). The results demonstrated that cover crops and filter strips effectively reduce pollutant load while maintaining crop yield, reinforcing their value as sustainable conservation practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black carrot: From underutilized crop to a new avenue in functional/nutraceutical enrichment applications","authors":"Harsh Kumar ,&nbsp;Shivani Guleria ,&nbsp;Neetika Kimta ,&nbsp;Eugenie Nepovimova ,&nbsp;Akriti Taneja ,&nbsp;Daljeet Singh Dhanjal ,&nbsp;Tabarak Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's transformative era, as people adopt a more health-conscious lifestyle, the popularity of functional food is significantly increasing due to their health benefits. Consequently, functional foods are now being extensively studied for their valuable chemical compositions and associated nutraceutical properties that have potential applications in preventing various diseases. Black carrot (<em>Daucus carota</em> L. ssp. <em>sativus</em> var. <em>atrorubens</em> Alef) has gained significant interest from the food industries due to the presence of high amount of bioactive compounds like acylated anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These compounds are well-known for their health-promoting benefits and disease-preventing attributes against lifestyle diseases like cancer, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds in black carrots show anti-inflammatory ability by regulating the metabolic processes and inflammatory responses. Owing to this, the current review provides updated information regarding the nutritional status and health benefits of black carrots. It discusses the pre-clinical studies conducted on the extract of the black carrot. Furthermore, it discusses their application in food enrichment and highlights their expanding role in commercial markets as health-promoting additives and organic colorants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal synergistic formulation of essential oils: Antimicrobial and physical-mechanical properties of cinnamon-oregano oils-incorporated cassava starch films for fresh Vietnamese bread preservation","authors":"Doi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Amporn Sae-Eaw ,&nbsp;Penkwan Chompreeda ,&nbsp;Ubonrat Siripatrawan ,&nbsp;Panuwat Suppakul","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergistic effects of cinnamon and oregano essential oils (EOs) against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, and <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> were evaluated by using a disc volatilization assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was indicated at 5 μL L⁻¹ air when the ratios of cinnamon and oregano EOs were 8:2 and 9:1 (v/v) for all tested bacteria, which also showed strongly synergistic activities (fractional inhibition concentration index (FIC) ≤ 0.48). However, there was only the combination ratio 6:4 showing a synergistic effect on the inhibition of <em>A</em>. <em>flavus</em>. Therefore, this combination was selected for incorporating with cassava starch films according to the central composite design. Desirability function approach indicated the optimal film formulation was 45.54 % of sorbitol and 0.65 % of EOs. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the optimal film were 8 MPa and 27 %, respectively while the AM film showed 100 % inhibition for all tested microorganisms. In the artificial contamination test, the antimicrobial film could express the inhibition at 85 % and 100 % on the growth of <em>A</em>. <em>flavus</em> in artificially and naturally contaminated Vietnamese bread, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cold atmospheric plasma on oxidative stability, microstructure, and volatile profile of pork meat","authors":"Y.K. Oliinychenko ,&nbsp;S. Saad ,&nbsp;E. Zymvrakaki ,&nbsp;I. Mourtzinos ,&nbsp;B. Tiwari ,&nbsp;A. Ch Stratakos","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an innovative non-thermal technology with potential to improve meat safety and preservation. This study evaluated the effects of CAP on oxidative markers, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, volatile composition, surface morphology, muscle microstructural characteristics and texture parameters. CAP was applied using piezoelectric direct discharge technology (PDD), with treatment durations of 0, 6, and 9 min. The results showed a significant increase in oxidation markers after 9 min treatment. Peroxide value and carbonyl content increased by ∼36 % and ∼21 %, respectively, whereas aldehyde content increased by ∼23 % after 6 and 9 min. Antioxidant capacity also increased after 9 min treatment, with total phenolic content increasing by 18 %, 2,2-azino-<em>bis</em>-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activity by 17 %, and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity by 17 % following 6 and 9 min treatment. CAP also modified the fatty acid profile, reducing saturated fats by ∼7 % and increasing monounsaturated fats by ∼11 %. Volatile analysis indicated increased levels of aldehydes, alcohols and ketones along with reduced sulphides, following 6 and 9 min of CAP exposure, with more pronounced changes observed at 9 min. Prolonged CAP exposure increased type IIB myofibre diameter and enhanced texture parameters, with hardness, springiness, and chewiness increasing by ∼35 %, ∼17 %, and ∼42 %, respectively. Surface roughness was most affected after 9 min of treatment. These findings show the need to optimise CAP treatment to enhance its benefits in meat processing while mitigating its adverse effects on meat quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling gene expression and physio-biochemical responses in citrus species under water stress and water recovery conditions","authors":"Nirmala Friyanti Devy,&nbsp;Hardiyanto,&nbsp;Farida Yulianti,&nbsp;Agus Sugiyatno,&nbsp;Ismon Lenin,&nbsp;Emi Budiarti,&nbsp;Anang Triwiratno,&nbsp;Mutia Erti Dwiastuti,&nbsp;Baswarsiati,&nbsp;Sri Widyaningsih,&nbsp;Chaireni Martasari","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Indonesia, many citrus trees are planted in marginal areas reliant solely on erratic rainfall, leading to suboptimal fruit production and quality. Meanwhile, studies on the response of gene expression and physio-biochemical traits in citrus seedlings derived from different species to water stress are limited. This study aims to fill that gap, exploring how drought and water recovery treatments affect citrus species. This study employed a factorial randomized block design with two factors: drought stress as the first factor and cultivar consisting of one-and-a-half-year-old Mandarin (<em>Citrus reticulata</em> Blanco. cv. Keprok Batu 55/K) and Tangerine (<em>Citrus nobilis</em> I. cv. Siam Banjar/S), as the second factor, each with three replications. The drought treatments were as follows: control, watering once a week (P1); drought stress for 13 days; water recovery for 39 days (P2); drought stress for 26 days; water recovery for 26 days (P3); P4: drought stress for 39 days; water recovery for 13 days (P4); and drought stress for 52 days (P5). Significant upregulation of drought-responsive genes such as <em>ACS, ETR1, PIP1, PIP2, CsNF-YA5,</em> and <em>CHLASE</em> was observed, particularly in the S cultivar following prolonged water deficit. The S also had a higher response than the K to the expression of genes related to flowering, such as <em>Cs-LFY</em>, <em>Cs-AP1</em>, and <em>Cs-SL1</em>. A significant interaction was detected on <em>Chl</em>-<em>a</em> (P5-K), <em>Chl</em>-<em>b</em> (P5-K), carotenoids (P5-K and P5-S), proline (P4-S), and TSS (P4-S). Based on gene expression, proline, TSS, flowering, and fruiting, this study suggests that the S cultivar is more tolerant than the K cultivar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}