{"title":"Timing and synchronization of solid state pulsed power modules (SSPPM) for excimer laser applications","authors":"R. Ness, P. Melcher, R. Saethre","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189531","url":null,"abstract":"In certain applications for excimer lasers, it is critical to maintain the timing of a solid state pulsed power module (SSPPM) such that the pulsed output of the laser can be synchronized to another external event. In some cases, this synchronization must be held to times in the order of 10 ns or less. Since the operating voltage range of these magnetic modulators must vary (by up to a factor of two) in order to adjust the laser output energy, the throughput delay can also vary significantly. This timing must also be maintained over other possible laser operating conditions and scenarios, including various repetition rates, duty cycles, etc. External factors, such as cooling water temperature and flow rate, air temperature, etc. can also impact the system timing. Data are presented detailing the contribution of each potential item in the timing sequence of these modulators as they impact the overall system timing jitter and drift. Design details are also discussed as to how these issues are mitigated and minimized so as to reduce their effect and meet the overall system timing requirements.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-power microwave generation by virtual cathode oscillator","authors":"Weihua Jiang, M. Sato, K. Yatsui","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189458","url":null,"abstract":"A new configuration of virtual cathode oscillator is proposed and tested experimentally. A resonant cavity is used to enhance the field feedback to the virtual cathode oscillation. The experiments were carried out on repetitive pulsed power generator \"ETIGO-IV\" (400 kV, 13 kA, 120 ns, 1 Hz). The diagnostic results have shown the peak microwave output power of /spl sim/ 450 MW, giving peak-to-peak microwave power efficiency of 9%.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122001528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Schmidt, V. Bohacek, K. Kolacek, M. Ripa, P. Šunka, O. Frolov
{"title":"Design of a new driver for fast and ultra-powerful capillary discharge","authors":"J. Schmidt, V. Bohacek, K. Kolacek, M. Ripa, P. Šunka, O. Frolov","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189492","url":null,"abstract":"A new driver for fast capillary and ultra-powerful capillary discharge is designed. The designed new apparatus is capable to reach a potential transition to shorter wavelengths. A geometry of its all main parts enables axial access to both capillary ends. The \"transparent\" capillary distinctly simplifies adjustment, monitoring and subsequent applications of the capillary discharge experiments. As a next free parameter for the new driver the Marx generator has been added as well. The new Marx generator is designed and solved for two types of composing capacitors. Results of two models of the designed driver are presented.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127799218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Wu, H. Kosai, M. Freeman, G. Schwarze, S. F. Carr, J. Weimer
{"title":"Thin film diamond-like carbon dielectrics","authors":"R. Wu, H. Kosai, M. Freeman, G. Schwarze, S. F. Carr, J. Weimer","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189471","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype manufacturing technology for high energy density and high volumetric efficiency diamond-like carbon (DLC) capacitors has been demonstrated. A unique dual ion-beam deposition and web-handling system has been designed, developed and constructed. The high quality DLC films were directly deposited on the both sides of the capacitor grade aluminum foil in a continuous feed mode. The highly efficient hydrocarbon ions were produced by two 6 cm /spl times/ 22 cm linear RF (13.56 MHz) inductively coupled ion sources. The dual ion gun system is housed in a class 100 clean room environment. The high performance DLC capacitors were then produced by rolling a pair of DLC-coated aluminum foils in a winding system.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"16 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-voltage, high-power, pulse-step modulators for the accurate supply of gyrotron and other heating devices","authors":"W. Forster, J. Alex","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189432","url":null,"abstract":"At the Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik in Greifswald, Germany, there are planed several plasma heating systems with high output power. There is on the one hand an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) with a pulsed output power of 2 MW per RF amplifier, a neutral beam injection (NBI) with a pulsed output power of up to 3 MW per accelerator and an electron cyclotron resonance heating system (ECRH) with totally 10 MW output cw with 10 tubes. For the supply of the different systems universal high voltage power sources with totally 26 MW electrical power in cw operation and 52 MW in pulsed operation are under construction. The output voltage can be adjusted up to 130 kV. The system has very low amount of stored energy. For this reason a commonly used crowbar system Is not necessary. The power supplies have the capability of modulation up to 500 Hz square wave with a modulation degree of one and several kHz with lower degrees. To meet all requirements for all the heating systems, the supply can be configured concerning polarity, maximum voltage and current, modulation parameters, series operation, pulse length supervision etc. The supply comes in four units where the first unit with 6.5 MW cw is in operation since end of 2001.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131944147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yatsui, H. Suematsu, S. Yang, R. Iwashita, T. Nagahama, N. Uchitomi, W. Jiang, T. Arikado
{"title":"Pulsed ion beam evaporation at low temperature for the preparation of thin films","authors":"K. Yatsui, H. Suematsu, S. Yang, R. Iwashita, T. Nagahama, N. Uchitomi, W. Jiang, T. Arikado","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189535","url":null,"abstract":"Using high-density ablation plasma produced by pulsed ion beam interaction with solid targets, it has been demonstrated by the present authors to prepare thin films at low temperature, which was called ion beam evaporation. In addition to the first preparation of ZnS in 1988, the preparation of many films has been succeeded such as YBCO, (SrBa)TiO/sub 3/, SrAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/:Eu, poly-Si, ITO, and apatite. Since some of them have been already reported elsewhere, some other new results of the preparation of thin films by IBE are presented such as Si-Ge or HfO/sub 2/.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132346984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The generation of high electric field strength RF energy using Marx generators","authors":"J. Mayes, W. Carey","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189460","url":null,"abstract":"The Wave Erection Marx Generator is proving to be an excellent high voltage source for the direct generation of RF energy. Unfortunately, effectively radiating the impulse energy is challenging, both in efficiency and high voltage-holdoff capability. Successful efforts have been made to generate RF energy in both the Narrow Band and Ultra Wideband realm, with field strengths in excess of I kV/m at 100 m achieved. This paper briefly describes the impulse generator and explores its use for generating Narrow Band RF energy as well as Ultra Wideband energy. Experimental results will be presented.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131232447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triggered spark gap switches and their erosion characteristics","authors":"Y. Isaenkov, N. Bublik, P. Makeev","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189521","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains the results of experimental study of the process of commutation of a capacitive storage on a resistive load by a triggered spark gap switch with hollow electrodes and air blowing of interelectrode gaps, and the erosion characteristics of the electrodes. Such a switch can be used as a base unit in developing pulse-frequency generators for scientific purposes and for a number of technical applications, e.g., generators for forming a streamer discharge in plasma-chemical reactors. The research was performed for the following range of parameters: long-time average transmitted power, up to 20 kW; switched energy, 1 to 10 J per pulse; pulse power, 30 to 50 MW; voltage rise rate on the load, 2.10 kV/s; pulse repetition rate, up to 4.5 kHz; electric power for creation of an airflow for conditioning of interelectrode gaps and electrodes cooling, 200 to 800 W.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130640523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Medvedko, G.F. Abdrashitov, A. Bulatov, Yu. A. Evtushenko, V. Kolmogorov, G. Krainov
{"title":"High voltage modulator family for diagnostic neutral beam injectors","authors":"A. Medvedko, G.F. Abdrashitov, A. Bulatov, Yu. A. Evtushenko, V. Kolmogorov, G. Krainov","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189470","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of a beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic in plasma fusion devices the Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injectors (DNBI) are used. The typical beam parameters of these DNBIs are as follows: neutral beam energy ranges from 20 kV up to 55 kV, equivalent neutral beam current is 1-3 A, beam on time varies from 50 msec up to several seconds. The pulse repetition rate is typically about one pulse per 5-20 minutes. For the above mentioned parameters, one can easily calculate that the energy carried out by this beam has a scale of 20 to 200 kJ. The high voltage modulator (HVM) family was developed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, to supply the DNBIs dedicated for this task. One type of them is intended to provide 2 sec. shots with an HVM output current up to 3 A, another one for 50 msec. shots with a current up to 10 A. Two modes of DNBI operation are used: a quasi-continuous beam and 100% amplitude modulated beam with programmable durations of time intervals of the ON and OFF states. In addition, these HVMs have relatively small energy stored by its output reactive elements and are equipped with a fast interlock system to avoid critical damages of the DNBI grids during transient processes and when an electrical breakdown between electrodes occurs. The paper describes the circuitry, design, interlocks and solutions of HVM buffering relative to the mains. In the basic design, 10 kHz IGBT inverters with PWM and matching transformers are used to power the HVMs. One of the HVMs is installed at the TCV Tokamak (EPFL, Lausanne), another one is installed at the Alcator C-mod Tokamak, (MIT, Boston).","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114345098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Losses in magnetic switches","authors":"C. Strowitzki, A. Gortler, M. Baumann","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189454","url":null,"abstract":"Thyratrons are limited in lifetime and maximum repetition rate. For some applications it is necessary to replace the thyratron by a semiconductor switch. Therefore it is necessary to compress the pulses by nonlinear inductances. In a magnetic pulse compression network three main losses exist. In principle the copper conducting losses can be infinitely reduced. The losses in the capacitors are very small and can principally also be reduced to an infinite degree. But the core losses are different. Due to the fact that the material is magnetized from one saturation to the other, the losses depend only on the material and the magnetization speed. The losses in these cores essentially determine the max. attainable pulse frequency. A procedure is presented on how these losses can be easily determined. Different materials are presented and also their behavior under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116058951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}