IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society最新文献

{"title":"An Enhanced Deep Neural Network Approach for WiFi Fingerprinting-Based Multi-Floor Indoor Localization","authors":"Shehu Lukman Ayinla;Azrina Abd Aziz;Micheal Drieberg;Misfa Susanto;Afidalina Tumian;Mazlaini Yahya","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3520005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3520005","url":null,"abstract":"WiFi fingerprinting based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a widely used technique for indoor localization. However, achieving the necessary precision for most smart applications has proven difficult due to various challenges, including the time-varying characteristics of indoor RSSI, device heterogeneity, and ambiguity in the positional fingerprints. To address these concerns, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have been used to classify and predict indoor locations. While these techniques have shown promising results, they face two significant challenges. First, their complex multilayer architecture requires extensive training iterations. Second, the distribution of the input layer fluctuates as the network’s parameters are updated. In this study, we propose a WiFi indoor localization framework based on Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) and Deep Neural Network with Batch Normalization (DNNBN). The CV process is repeated multiple times to assess the RFE’s generalization ability for optimal feature selection, and the BN algorithm is integrated into each layer of the DNN to ensure consistent activation value distribution and stabilization of the training process. Two datasets were used to assess the performance of the proposed RFECV-DNNBN method. The results show that the method addresses the challenges faced by existing AI techniques and outperforms current methods in classification and regression tasks. Our proposed framework achieved 100% accuracy in building classification and 94.69% and 96.39% in floor classification on the UJIIndoorLoc and UTSIndoorLoc datasets, respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness. Additionally, it achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 5.08 m and 4.29 m for the respective datasets, highlighting its potential in multi-floored environments.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"560-575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10806782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Earthquake Network Restoration: Statistical Seismic Road Closure Prediction and Efficient MDRU Routing","authors":"Ahmet Enes Duranay;Xhelja Kodheli;Amr M. Abdelhady;Abdulkadir Celik;Ahmed M. Eltawil;Hüseyin Arslan","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3519314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3519314","url":null,"abstract":"Post-earthquake scenarios have brought connectivity challenges to the forefront of research in recent years. Particularly, the randomness and large-scale of road and telecom network infrastructure damage within the aftermath hinders communications coverage restoration during the most critical hours when lives are at stake. This paper proposes a seismic-based post-earthquake city and cellular network model to statistically predict the status of road closures and base station failures based on fundamental earthquake measurements. The presented model considers a generic Manhattan grid-based city model, with buildings featuring random heights. In addition, it quantifies the probability of building collapse and the consequent probability of road closure which accounts for the random debris nature. Moreover, the model accounts for the dependencies between the debris width, height, and the relative location with respect to the earthquake epicenter. Furthermore, a routing algorithm for movable and deployable resource units (MDRUs) that exploits the derived statistical model is proposed to ensure that MDRUs are efficiently deployed and connectivity is restored swiftly. The proposed routing algorithm is extensively tested over a large set of simulation scenarios depicting different earthquake magnitudes and was shown to provide up to 31% traveling time reduction compared to a blind distance-based approach. Finally, the conducted simulations showed the effectiveness of the proposed MDRUs deployment approach in restoring the communications coverage from a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio perspective in the majority of the considered locations.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"671-689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10804642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation Channel Measurements for Indoor-to-Outdoor Communications for Device-to-Device Public Safety Applications","authors":"Hussein Hammoud;Zihang Cheng;Jorge Gomez-Ponce;Seun Sangodoyin;Jason Kahn;Andreas F. Molisch","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516763","url":null,"abstract":"Recent interest in Device-to-Device (D2D) communication systems, particularly by Public Safety Organizations (PSOs), arises from scenarios where no infrastructure is available. One notable scenario is Indoor-to-Outdoor (I2O), where emergency responders inside buildings communicate with command posts on the street. We aim to understand the propagation channel for designing wireless systems in such contexts. We report findings from a comprehensive measurement campaign in the public safety frequency band near 800 MHz, assessing multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels between users across five floors of a California office building and a multi-antenna base station at street level. This study provides insights as well as statistical channel models for pathgain, delay spread, angular spreads, and power distribution among Multi-Path Components (MPCs) and their dependence on indoor-user height. In Line-of-Sight (LoS) scenarios, 10 dB pathgain variation was observed between ground and the 5th floor, while Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLoS) cases showed no such variation. Delay spreads exhibited a similar trend in LoS scenarios, with a 10 ns variation based on RX height, while NLoS scenarios remained heightindependent. Angular spreads were consistently large for indoor units, regardless of height. Analysis of the probability density function of the MPC powers using a 5D κ parameter revealed approximately 8 dB for LoS scenarios and −1 dB for NLoS scenarios, assuming beamforming for maximum received power.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"154-170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10798454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Grids Transmission Network Testbed: Design, Deployment, and Beyond","authors":"Petr Blazek;Antonin Bohacik;Radek Fujdiak;Viktor Jurak;Michal Ptacek","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3517340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3517340","url":null,"abstract":"Our test environment incorporates a unique blend of physical, emulated, and virtualized components, spanning from electrical substations to SCADA systems, thereby offering a versatile platform for testing against cyber threats, facilitating educational programs, and supporting advanced traffic simulation. Motivated by the increasing digitalization of energy networks and the growing risks associated with cybersecurity and crisis management, this work responds to geopolitical situations and a series of attacks on electricity infrastructure, such as in Ukraine between 2015 and 2024. For instance, in 2015 and 2021, major cyberattacks caused power outages in Ukraine and the USA, emphasizing the urgent requirement for robust testing platforms. Key findings from our deployment highlight the testbed’s effectiveness in identifying vulnerabilities, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and providing valuable hands-on learning experiences. The integration of such diverse components not only exemplifies a significant step forward in testbed design but also showcases its potential in fostering innovation and security in the power sector. Through detailed comparisons with existing testbeds, we underscore our testbed’s distinct features and its contribution to bridging the gap in current methodologies, setting a new benchmark for future developments in smart grid testing and education.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"51-76"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10798972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UCODENs: Underwater Collaborative Detection Networks","authors":"Jiajie Xu;Mustafa A. Kishk;Xabier Irigoien;Mohamed-Slim Alouini","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515923","url":null,"abstract":"While underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a widely studied topic, their practical application still faces various challenges. One of the most important reasons is that existing works have not fully accounted for the particularities of the underwater environment from a high-level point of view, as well as the nature of underwater networks that are oriented toward specific detection tasks. In this paper, we propose an Underwater COllaborative DEtection Nework (UCODEN) to regard the underwater detection network as an integrated, informed, and intelligent system rather than a network with some subsystems. To achieve the custom design based on the network’s mission, basic functions like network layout, data collection, and target localization are suggested to be considered jointly. To describe the concept of UCODENs in terms of systematism, adaptability, and practicality, a fixed sensor network is applied and developed. Considering the asymmetry of ranges along with the vertical and horizontal directions, a semi-three-dimensional structure is proposed. Some crucial definitions, including the evaluation criteria, are also proposed. Considering the close connection between the aforementioned basic functions of the underwater network, an error forward propagation flow is proposed to disclose the error sources related to different basic functions. Besides that, a feedback information flow is proposed to activate the adaptability of UCODENs. UCODENs point to a particular network to satisfy a customized mission or some specific purpose in future application scenarios. Finally, a numerical example of UCODEN in the form of a fixed sensor network is proposed to present the advantages of UCODENs over normal UWSNs.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10793067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIS-Aided Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems: STAR-RIS Versus Passive RIS?","authors":"Prajwalita Saikia;Anand Jee;Keshav Singh;Cunhua Pan;Wan-Jen Huang;Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515933","url":null,"abstract":"A shortage of frequencies exists due to the demand of extensive connectivity and limited availability of spectrum. Thus a prominent solution of sharing spectrum between radar and communication systems has been proposed. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) aims to achieve complete integration and reciprocal advantages between communication and sensing processes. In this work, we consider Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection (STAR) Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (S-RIS) and passive RIS (P-RIS) assisted dual-function radar communication system where S-RIS and P-RIS assist communication and sensing functionalities, respectively. We formulate an optimization problem that jointly optimizes the beamforming vector at the multi-antenna ISAC transmitter and phase shift vector to maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR) at the communication users while taking care of the maximum power limit the ISAC transmitter and ensuring the performance of sensing model to detect targets and limitations of phase and amplitude of S-RIS elements. To address the non-convexity, we propose a low-complexity alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. Furthermore, we provide simulation results to verify the viability of the proposed framework with its a) only P-RIS assisted scheme, and b) proposed model with random phase shift, counterparts. The proposed algorithm is also shown to be effective in delivering nearly optimal design outcomes in scenario where the channel state information is imperfect (ICSI). Simulation results demonstrate the impact of RIS elements, number of antennas at the ISAC transmitter and the transmit power on WSR. Accordingly, we illustrate the impact of S-RIS and reflection users (RU) locations and the effect of sensing threshold and the number of targets which highlights the trade-off between sensing and communication. The S-RIS framework offer approximately performance gain of 12.5% and 38.8% as compared to conventional and random cases, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"7954-7973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10792983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided Networks: Performance Analysis and Sectorization Tradeoff","authors":"Mostafa Samy;Hayder Al-Hraishawi;Abuzar B. M. Adam;Symeon Chatzinotas;Björn Otteresten","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3514696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3514696","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient technology to enhance the coverage of wireless communications within the upcoming 6G networks. Recently, novel extensions of this technology, referred to as multi-sector beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS), have been proposed, where the configurable elements are divided into \u0000<italic>L</i>\u0000 sectors (\u0000<italic>L</i>\u0000 ≥ 2) and arranged as a polygon prism, with each sector covering 1/\u0000<italic>L</i>\u0000 space. This paper presents a performance analysis of a communication system that is assisted by a multi-sector BD-RIS operating in time-switching (TS) mode. Specifically, we derive closed-form expressions for the moment-generating function (MGF), probability density function (PDF), and cumulative density function (CDF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per user. Furthermore, exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability, achievable spectral and energy efficiency, symbol error probability, and diversity order for the proposed system model are derived. To evaluate the performance of multi-sector BD-RISs, we compare them with the simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR)-RISs, which can be viewed as a special case of multi-sector BD-RIS with only two sectors. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that, for a fixed number of configurable elements, increasing the number of sectors improves outage performance while reducing the diversity order compared to the STAR-RIS configuration. This trade-off is influenced by the Rician factors of the cascaded channel and the number of configurable elements per sector. However, this superiority in slope is observed at outage probability values below 10\u0000^-5\u0000, which remains below practical operating ranges of communication systems. Additionally, simulation results are provided to validate the accuracy of our theoretical analyses. These results indicate that increasing the number of sectors in multi-sector BD-RIS-assisted systems significantly enhances performance, particularly in both spectral and energy efficiency gains. For instance, our numerical results show an average increase of 184% in spectral efficiency and 128% in maximum energy efficiency when transitioning from a 2-sector to a 6-sector configuration.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"302-315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10787237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Training Strategy for Deep Learning Model Compression Applied to Automatic Modulation Classification","authors":"Mateus A. Goldbarg;Micael Balza;Sérgio N. Silva;Lucileide M. D. Silva;Marcelo A. C. Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516652","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning techniques, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), have proven highly effective in addressing various automatic modulation classification challenges. However, their computational demands pose a significant hurdle for real-time modulation detection. To tackle this issue, a novel training strategy is proposed in this study. This strategy aims to minimize both pruning and quantization losses during the training of compressed models, thereby reducing the computational complexity of DNNs. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated through experiments involving the classification of 24 modulations: OOK, ASK4, ASK8, BPSK, QPSK, PSK8, PSK16, PSK32, APSK16, APSK32, APSK64, APSK128, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, QAM128, QAM256, AM SSB WC, AM SSB SC, AM DSB WC, AM DSB SC, FM, GMSK and OQPS. Remarkably, the results showed a substantial reduction in both DNN weights and operations, while maintaining a high level of classification accuracy. By streamlining the computational demands of deep learning models, this strategy opens up new possibilities for real-time modulation detection applications, particularly in scenarios where computational resources are limited. This research represents a significant advancement towards the practical deployment of deep learning in modulation classification systems, paving the way for enhanced efficiency and performance in wireless communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"477-492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10794673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Resistance Saber-Based Group Key Exchange Protocol for IoT","authors":"Fouzia Samiullah;Ming-Lee Gan;Sedat Akleylek;Y. Aun","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3516005","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing poses a threat on current cryptography methods, prompting initiatives such as the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) standardization process toward developing post-quantum cryptographic tools. This process concentrates on deploying “key encapsulation mechanisms” and “signature schemes”, mainly focusing on Group Authenticated key exchange (GAKE), which is crucial for secure group communication while ensuring authentication is immune to quantum attacks. Despite various two-party key exchange designs adaptable for group key exchange protocols with multiple parties, experts face challenges in secure group interactions in a post-quantum environment due to the lack of such group protocols solutions. Addressing the necessity of secure group communication in IoTs, we proposed a GAKE protocol. This paper presents its design and implementation secure under QROM; we compared our initial findings on the “Saber-based GAKE” with a Kyber-based GAKE implementation named “Complied Kyber” proposed by Pablos, focusing on IoTs. Our findings show better efficiency than “Compiled Kyber” regarding overall communication duration, especially when involving up to 2000 participants in group communication. Furthermore, thorough investigation and calculations confirm the Saber-GAKE protocol’s interoperability with IoT contexts. The protocol has worthy computational efficiency, with execution speeds of 0.064 ms on ARM Cortex-M4 and 1.56 ms on ARM Cortex-M0 systems. The memory use is well below the allowed limits, with 50.86 KB on Cortex-M4 and 35.84 KB on Cortex-M0. The performance data validate that the Saber-GAKE protocol can effectively and safely function on IoT devices with limited resources, offering strong protection against quantum computing assaults.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"378-398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10793121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Estimation of MIMO Detection Error Caused by Low-Bitwidth QR Decomposition","authors":"Alexander Osinsky;Roman Bychkov;Mikhail Kirichenko;Vladimir Lyashev;Andrey Ivanov","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3515860","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new approach to justify a roundoff error impact on the accuracy of the linear least squares (LS) solution using QR decomposition. This decomposition is widely employed to invert a matrix in the linear detector of the multi-user multi-antenna receiver. Compared to existing numerical results, the suggested stochastic bound is far closer to actual errors. It was put through a half-precision format test and verified in real-world scenarios generated by the Quadriga 2.0 tool and in random randsvd ensemble. The results of experiments show that our method predicts errors that are extremely similar to those observed in simulations. The suggested method can be used to examine the roundoff error in many other applications that require matrix inverse operations.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10793397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}