IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society最新文献

{"title":"A Slicing Model for Transport Networks With Traffic Burst Control and QoS Compliance for Traffic Flows","authors":"Aitor Encinas-Alonso;Carlos M. Lentisco;Ignacio Soto;Luis Bellido;David Fernandez","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3552839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3552839","url":null,"abstract":"Network slicing has emerged as a key network technology, providing network operators with the means to offer virtual networks to vertical users over a single physical network infrastructure. Recent research has resulted mainly in techniques for managing and deploying network slices, but the implementation of network slices on a real physical transport network infrastructure has received much less attention. Standardization bodies, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), have provided some implementation recommendations. Still, there is a lack of mechanisms to implement network slices capable of handling traffic bursts while simultaneously meeting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the traffic flows associated with the slices. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained resource control mechanism to implement transport network slices that meet traffic QoS requirements while both accepting limited traffic bursts, and enabling efficient bandwidth sharing within and across slices. The mechanism is executed at the edge of the transport network. The proposed model aligns with current standards on network slicing and has been tested on an experimental platform. Using this platform, we have conducted an extensive experimental campaign that demonstrates that our proposal can effectively control traffic bursts generated within the network slices while maximizing bandwidth utilization across the network.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2152-2176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Duplex Techniques for Satellite Communications: Feasibility Analysis and Roadmap","authors":"Eva Lagunas;Tomás Ramírez-Parracho;Juan Andres Vásquez-Peralvo;Jorge Luis González Rios;Pablo Losada-Sanisidro;Carlos Mosquera;Roberto López-Valcarce;Praveen Naidu Vummadisetty;Symeon Chatzinotas","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3552727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3552727","url":null,"abstract":"The non-terrestrial communication industry is required to optimize the use of the available radio frequency (RF) spectrum and, in turn, lower the cost per delivered bit. Full-Duplex (FD) is a widely studied technology in the terrestrial domain, which allows the data transmission simultaneously in both directions of the same frequency channel. In this work, we study and evaluate the feasibility of using FD techniques within SatCom networks. First, a survey of the current state of the art for self-interference cancellation (SIC) techniques and technology is presented, to set the baseline of achievable interference cancellation with currently available technology. Subsequently, different SatCom use cases are identified, including different satellite orbits and types of links, and a detailed feasibility evaluation is carried out through analytical models and simulations. The most promising scenarios are shown to be both LEO feeder and downlink in Q/V and Ka band, respectively, and an on-ground FD between terrestrial and satellite backhauling in Ka-band. To conclude, we identify the technological shortcomings and outline a possible roadmap for developing and implementing the necessary self-interference cancellation methods to facilitate FD communications in the selected use cases.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2130-2151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Model for BGP Anomaly Detection Using Median Absolute Deviation and Machine Learning","authors":"Maria Andrea Romo-Chavero;Gustavo De Los Ríos Alatorre;Jose Antonio Cantoral-Ceballos;Jesús Arturo Pérez-Díaz;Carlos Martinez-Cagnazzo","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3550010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3550010","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting anomalies in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) has proved relevant in the cybersecurity field due to the protocol’s critical role in the Internet’s infrastructure. BGP vulnerabilities can lead to major disruptions and connectivity failures, highlighting the need for early detection to maintain stable and secure Internet services. To address this challenge, our article presents an enhanced version of our previously published Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) anomaly detection system. We introduce a novel dynamic threshold mechanism that significantly enhances anomaly detection performance in BGP, achieving superior accuracy and F1-score. Through a comparative analysis of machine learning (ML) classification models—including Random Forest, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost—we demonstrate that integrating our MAD detection system with these ML models can improve anomaly detection significantly. Additionally, we explore how MAD performs when combined with neural networks such as RNN, GRU, and LSTM, providing a valuable comparison between machine learning and neural network-based approaches. We evaluate the models performance in well-known events, such as CodeRed 1 v2, Slammer, Nimda, the Moscow blackout, and the Telekom Malaysia (TMnet) misconfiguration. Our results show an overall accuracy of 0.99 and F1-score of 0.98, demonstrating the effective integration of MAD and ML models for the identification of security threats. Our approach enables proactive detection with minimal computational costs and reduced preprocessing, proving that efficient anomaly detection is achievable.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2102-2116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10930348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Hybrid Precoding for mmWave MIMO Systems: LADR and DALR Architectures","authors":"Faisal Al-Kamali;Mohamed Alouzi;Claude D’Amours;Francois Chan","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3551641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3551641","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid precoding for fully-connected architectures (FA) delivers superior performance in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems but comes at the cost of significantly higher complexity compared to sub-connected architectures (SA). This paper introduces two new sub-connected hybrid precoding architectures: localized-antennas distributed-RF (LADR) and distributed-antennas localized-RF (DALR), designed to balance the trade-off between performance and complexity. Both architectures divide transmitter antennas and RF chains into two groups, which are either distributed or localized. In LADR, localized antenna groups are connected to distributed RF chain groups, providing high beamforming precision, making it well-suited for dense urban deployments where performance demands are stringent. In contrast, DALR connects distributed antenna groups to localized RF chain groups, offering beamforming with lower precision compared to LADR, making it better suited for large-scale networks, such as rural or wide-area applications, where broader coverage and scalability are prioritized over high precision. The hybrid precoding is optimized and solved iteratively by decomposing the problem into two independent subproblems, referred to as the odd and even subproblems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architectures achieve performance close to FA, while reducing the number of phase shifters by 50% and lowering computational complexity to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathcal {O}(N_{t})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, compared to the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathcal {O}(N_{t}^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> complexity of traditional FA designs, where <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of transmitter antennas. Furthermore, the proposed architectures outperform traditional SA by approximately 3 dB with only a slight increase in complexity. The results also indicate that LADR offers slightly better performance than DALR when the number of data streams is high due to its superior beamforming capability, while both architectures perform similarly when the number of data streams is low.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2032-2045"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10926499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusion of Domain Knowledge and Data-Driven Power Allocation Optimization Methods","authors":"Chunwei Miao;Jian Zhang;Jiaqi Huang;Jinhong Yang","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549434","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power allocation in wireless interference networks is challenged by the high computational complexity of traditional methods and the lack of domain knowledge utilization, interpretability, and generalization in deep learning-based approaches. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a fully unfolded weighted minimum mean square error (FUWMMSE) method based on graph neural networks (GNNs). The proposed method integrates the iterative structure of WMMSE with the data-driven advantages of deep learning, incorporating domain knowledge to enhance system’s performance. Further, it enhances the extraction of network topology features and the adaptability to channel scenarios through the optimization of the GNN algorithm architecture. Additionally, the method leverages GNNs to automatically learn hyperparameters, which significantly improves the algorithm’s computational efficiency and expressiveness. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach maintains permutation equivariance, ensuring interpretability and generalization. Numerical experiments validate that FUWMMSE achieves superior performance and adaptability under various network densities, scales, and channel distributions, highlighting its potential for broad applications in wireless communication scenarios.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2117-2129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10918803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Illumination LED Driver and Optical Wireless Communications Repeater","authors":"Alireza Barmaki;Mehdi Narimani;Steve Hranilovic","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3550438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3550438","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light communications (VLC) leverages optical bands to meet the escalating demands for wireless communication. This paper presents a new approach to address the challenges encountered in establishing an optical uplink and downlink relay for VLC systems. A multi-phase boost converter topology is developed to realize a repeater capable of receiving and amplifying infrared uplink signals and re-transmitting them across both infrared and visible spectra. Conventional commutating diodes within each phase of the converter are replaced with photodiodes, enabling the detection of infrared (IR) signals. The resultant photocurrent modulates the intensity of multiple emitters at output, enabling spatial summation and amplification of the re-transmitted signal. While the primary application is to establish an optical IR uplink to visible light broadcast system, the topology can also support alternative applications, such as optical backhauling/fronthauling by integrating IR emitters into the luminaire. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the integration of the repeater into a luminaire through this approach does not adversely impact the efficacy of the luminaire and for the tested configurations the repeater is capable of an end-to-end optical gain of 7 for IR signals with amplitudes of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1-10~mathrm {mW}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2046-2064"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10922204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on Advancements in THz Technology for 6G: Systems, Circuits, Antennas, and Experiments","authors":"Sidharth Thomas;Jaskirat Singh Virdi;Aydin Babakhani;Ian P. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549710","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) carrier frequencies (100 GHz to 10 THz) have been touted as a source for unprecedented wireless connectivity and high-precision sensing, courtesy of their wide bandwidth availability and small wavelengths. However, noteworthy implementation challenges persist, ranging from limitations in semiconductor device technologies to antenna design and packaging, as well as system-level issues such as high path loss, complex beam management, and regulatory constraints. In this paper, we survey recent advancements on 6G networks using THz frequencies, with a particular emphasis on the 200–400 GHz frequency range and the IEEE 802.15.3d standard. This band offers a compelling balance by providing ample bandwidth for high data-rate communications, while also exhibiting lower atmospheric absorption for longer-range transmission, and can be viably realized using current semiconductor technologies. Unlike other existing surveys in this domain, we provide a comprehensive and holistic overview of THz systems, circuits, device technology, and antennas while also highlighting recent experimental demonstrations of 6G networks using THz frequencies. Throughout this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in 6G network implementation using THz, and call attention to open problems, future prospects, and areas of further improvement in THz communication technologies to fully realize their potential in next-generation wireless connectivity.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"1998-2016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10918779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Reliable Latency in Wi-Fi 8 Through Multi-AP Joint Scheduling","authors":"David Nunez;Pasquale Imputato;Stefano Avallone;Malcolm Smith;Boris Bellalta","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3549586","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, driven by increasing demands for high throughput, low latency, and reliable connectivity, presents significant challenges for traditional Wi-Fi networks. To address these limitations, the forthcoming IEEE 802.11bn amendment will likely introduce Multi-Access Point Coordination (MAPC) as a pivotal feature to enhance performance in dense network deployments. This paper proposes a comprehensive MAPC framework leveraging Coordinated Spatial Reuse (C-SR) to enable multi-AP scheduling and optimize resource allocation. First, we present a C-SR mechanism for grouping compatible devices and optimizing transmission power, facilitating simultaneous transmissions to boost network capacity. Then, we propose and evaluate three multi-AP schedulers targeting different goals: maximizing the number of packets delivered per transmission, always scheduling the oldest packet in the network, and a third solution aiming to combine the strengths of both. Results exhibit a superior performance of the proposed MAPC algorithms compared to Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA), achieving a reduction in the 99th percentile delay in four-AP scenarios, of up to 92% and 48% for best effort and constant bitrate video traffic, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"2090-2101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10918755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Field Nulling Control Beamfocusing Optimization for Multi-User Interference Suppression","authors":"Yuanzhe Gong;Mohammadhossein Karimi;Tho Le-Ngoc","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3548457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3548457","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents comprehensive full-wave simulation-based studies of near-field beam radiation patterns for large-scale arrays, accounting for realistic electromagnetic wave characteristics, heterogeneous element radiation patterns, and array element interactions. These simulations thoroughly investigate and illustrate the radiation behaviors of antenna arrays at different observation distances. To leverage the advantages offered by distance-dependent radiation patterns in the near-field, we consider two nulling control beamfocusing algorithms to effectively mitigate multi-user interference (MUI) in massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems by achieving considerable focusing gain differences between the desired and interference locations. Firstly, a linear constraint minimum variance (LCMV) scheme to effectively control radiation nulls in the Fresnel region is developed. By adjusting the array feeding magnitudes and phase shifters, an average gain difference of 29.2 dB between desired and undesired users can be achieved, with minimal gain degradation of 0.4 dB at the desired user compared to the maximum directivity beamfocusing scheme. Moreover, a constant-modulus beamfocusing scheme based on a perturbation-based nulling control beamfocusing algorithm employing particle swarm optimization is proposed. Using only phase shifters, an average gain difference of 26.1 dB between desired and undesired users can be achieved. Iterative full-wave simulations are conducted to investigate how the achievable beamfocusing gain difference varies with different desired and interference user locations. Finally, a deep neural network (DNN) is trained for MUI suppression based on the LCMV-generated beamfocusing vectors. The model achieves a phase error of less than 0.021 radians and a magnitude error of 0.17 dB in the predicted feeding weights. The resulting near-field beam patterns using the LCMV-based vector and the DNN-predicted vector show good agreement.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"1727-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10912511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secrecy Performance of a RIS-Assisted Wireless Network: A Comprehensive Analysis Under Outdated CSI","authors":"Tasneem Alshamaseen;Elmehdi Illi;Syed Waqas Haider Shah;Saud Althunibat;Marwa Qaraqe","doi":"10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3547960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3547960","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have manifested notable merits in enhancing networks’ security from a physical layer perspective by leveraging smart genuine signal reflection using its reflective elements (REs) towards legitimate users. However, outdated channel state information (CSI) poses a major challenge to RIS’s physical layer security gains. This work explores the impact of varying degrees of outdated CSI on the secrecy performance of RIS-assisted wireless networks. More specifically, the system in consideration consists of a source communicating with a legitimate receiver via an RIS in the presence of a potential eavesdropper. To this end, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) metric is derived under the presence of outdated CSI (aging) at the RIS controller, considering four scenarios based on the availability of direct links between the transmitter and both receivers (i.e., the legitimate one and the eavesdropper). This provides a comprehensive evaluation of the system’s resilience to CSI aging. Additionally, numerical evaluations are provided to determine the minimum number of RIS REs required to achieve a target SOP. The obtained results demonstrate that the adopted system can achieve an acceptable SOP level even with 10% outdated CSI (i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math>$rho = 0.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). This resilience indicates that the system can reduce channel estimation frequency to reconfigure the RIS, thus decreasing overall system overhead and complexity and improving energy efficiency. Moreover, increasing the number of REs can mitigate CSI aging effects where an SOP level of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3 times 10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved with 140 REs at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$rho = 0.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the absence of a transmitter-receiver direct link. Lastly, Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical findings.","PeriodicalId":33803,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"1914-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10909700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}