I. Wali, Marcello Traiola, A. Virazel, P. Girard, M. Barbareschi, A. Bosio
{"title":"Towards approximation during test of Integrated Circuits","authors":"I. Wali, Marcello Traiola, A. Virazel, P. Girard, M. Barbareschi, A. Bosio","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934574","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, Approximate Computing (AC) has emerged as a new paradigm for energy efficient design of Integrated Circuits (ICs). AC is based on the intuitive observation that, while performing exact computation requires a high amount of resources, allowing a selective approximation or an occasional relaxation of the specification can provide significant gains in energy efficiency. This work starts from the consideration that AC-based systems can intrinsically accept the presence of faulty hardware (i.e., hardware that can produce errors). In other words, an AC-based system does not need to be built using defect-free ICs. Under this assumption, we can relax test and reliability constraints of the manufactured ICs. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to test only for a subset of faults instead of targeting all possible faults. In this way, we can reduce the manufacturing cost since we reduce the number test patterns and thus the test time. We call this approach Approximate Test (AT). The main advantage is the fact that we do not need a prior knowledge of the application. Therefore, the proposed approach can be applied to any kind of IC, reducing the test time and increasing the yield. In this work, we aim at validating the proposed AT by comparing it with a functional approach. We present preliminary results on some simple case studies. The main goal is to show that by letting some faults undetected we can save test time without having a huge impact on the application quality.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133362092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Schwarz, Carlos Villarraga, D. Stoffel, W. Kunz
{"title":"Cycle-accurate software modeling for RTL verification of embedded systems","authors":"Michael Schwarz, Carlos Villarraga, D. Stoffel, W. Kunz","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934571","url":null,"abstract":"Today's applications for HW/SW-systems, such as the Internet-of-Things, often demand SoC architectures where sophisticated firmware is running on fairly simple processors. Designers face the challenge of meeting high requirements for these systems regarding their efficiency and dependability under severe cost constraints. Targeting such applications this paper presents a new technique to generate a joint computational model for the hardware and its firmware. Generation of our computational model is interleaved with techniques from WCET analysis so that clock-cycle accuracy of the resulting model is achieved. As an application of our approach, we present how to generate a fast, cycle-accurate RTL simulation model that can replace the processor and its firmware in the RTL system description. Our experimental results show an acceleration by an order of magnitude when applying standard cycle-accurate RTL simulation to our modified design.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132867415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rocket Queue: New data sorting architecture for real-time systems","authors":"L. Kohútka, V. Stopjaková","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a coprocessor that performs data sorting for min/max queues in real-time systems. The proposed architecture is based on shift registers, systolic arrays and heapsort algorithm. Such an architecture, called Rocket Queue, is able not only to sort items according to their sort values, but it is also possible to remove any item from the structure according to its unique ID, which is important for many various applications. Instructions of the Rocket Queue architecture are performed in two clock cycles regardless of the number of items in the system and regardless the queue capacity. The developed coprocessor is optimized for low chip area costs, which leads to lower energy consumption too. The Rocket Queue architecture has constant time complexity, constant critical path length and it is highly predictable, thus also suitable for real-time applications. The architecture was verified using simplified version of UVM and applying millions of instructions with randomly generated sort values. Achieved synthesis results are presented and discussed. These results are significantly better than the results of systolic arrays. More than 41% of logic resources can be saved using the Rocket Queue architecture.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114485842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Socha, Vojtech Miskovský, H. Kubátová, M. Novotný
{"title":"Optimization of Pearson correlation coefficient calculation for DPA and comparison of different approaches","authors":"Petr Socha, Vojtech Miskovský, H. Kubátová, M. Novotný","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934563","url":null,"abstract":"Differential power analysis (DPA) is one of the most common side channel attacks. To perform this attack we need to calculate a large amount of correlation coefficients. This amount is even higher when attacking FPGAs or ASICs, for higher order attacks and especially for attacking DPA protected devices. This article explains different approaches to the calculation of correlations, describes our implementation of these approaches and presents a detailed comparison considering their performance and their properties for a practical usage.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122015451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rao, Benjamin Prautsch, A. Shrivastava, T. Reich
{"title":"Body biasing for analog design: Practical experiences in 22 nm FD-SOI","authors":"S. Rao, Benjamin Prautsch, A. Shrivastava, T. Reich","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the practical application of body biasing control of ultra-deep submicron FD-SOI technologies for analog and mixed-signal designs. The body biasing control is dedicated for dynamic control of the trade-off between speed vs. power consumption for advanced digital circuits. However, in this work we focus on trading-off and improvement of analog circuit performances. Three different circuits were explored and designed: an all CMOS bandgap reference, a 500 MSps current-steering DAC, and a 12-bit sigma-delta modulator. All designs were verified and realized in Globalfoundries 22 nm FD-SOI technology.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123378255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping abstract and concrete hardware models for design understanding","authors":"Tino Flenker, G. Fey","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934569","url":null,"abstract":"Before a microchip's concrete implementation is available a very abstract model is created, e.g., on Electronic System Level (ESL) or even more abstract. To ensure a better design understanding, we propose an automated mapping from a given abstract model to an unfamiliar concrete implementation at Register Transfer Level (RTL). But how to map a variable from the abstract model to a variable from the concrete model? We address this problem by a simulation based approach. We instrument the abstract model to get traces for each variable in both models and propose four heuristics to evaluate which variable maps to a corresponding variable of the other model. Experiments on an Instruction Set Simulator (ISS) versus RTL processor show mappings which offer an insight into the RTL implementation.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy-aware application-specific topology generation for 3D Network-on-Chips","authors":"Arash Barzinmehr, S. Tosun","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934575","url":null,"abstract":"Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a promising approach for supporting heavy communication demand among the parts of modern high-performance nanoscale System-on-Chips (SoCs). Three-dimensional integration (3D) for integrated circuits (ICs) has become popular since it reduces the latency and energy consumption by replacing long global interconnects with short vertical through-silicon-via (TSV) interconnects between stacked dies. Combining NoCs with 3D technology seems a good choice for achieving better performances than 2D. Although there are good synthesis methods for energy- and communication-aware 2D-NoC design, we lack the 3D alternatives. Motivated by the needs, in this paper, we propose an energy-aware application-specific topology generation method for 3D-NoCs. Our method is based on a heuristic optimization algorithm that partitions the application nodes among layers of the NoC architecture with an attempt to minimize the dynamic energy consumption. We tested our 3D method against a 2D alternative through several NoC benchmarks. Simulation results show that our approach brings huge energy and area savings against its 2D counterpart.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient physical design of fully-testable BDD-based circuits","authors":"Andreas Rauchenecker, R. Wille","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934560","url":null,"abstract":"For the manufacturing test of ASICs, it is important to reach a high test coverage in order to get the defect level as low as possible. However, complex digital circuits are usually not fully testable. In order to address that, previous work suggested to realize the circuits by means of Binary Decisions Diagrams (BDDs). Here, each node is implemented using multiplexer gates (MUX gates) which, with some minor additions, yield 100% testable circuits with respect to stuck-at and path-delay faults. Unfortunately, current physical implementations of MUX gates are rather expensive with respect to propagation delay, power consumption, or transistor count. Hence, despite the prospect of gaining 100% testability, BDD-based circuits did not find significant attention yet. In this work, we propose an alternative realization of MUX gates based on pass transistor logic which addresses these drawbacks. Experiments show that this allows for the realization of fully testable BDD-based circuits which are competitive to or, in many cases, even better than state-of-the-art realizations.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126705138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analysis of the operation and SET robustness of a CMOS pulse stretching circuit","authors":"M. Andjelković, M. Krstic, R. Kraemer","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934590","url":null,"abstract":"The cascaded asymmetrically sized inverters can be employed as pulse stretchers, for the measurement of very short single event transient (SET) pulse widths (< 200 ps). This paper analyzes, through the circuit simulations, the effects of various design and operating parameters on the normal operation and SET robustness of a two-inverter pulse stretcher designed in 250 nm bulk CMOS technology. It was shown that the SET hardness of the pulse stretcher can be enhanced by upsizing all transistors in the pulse stretcher without changing the sizing ratio. The SET hardness can also be improved by upsizing the load, but this approach is less effective than the pulse stretcher upsizing. Both upsizing approaches have a negligible impact on the normal operation of the stretcher, i.e. output pulse width. In addition, the operation and SET robustness of the pulse stretcher can be influenced by the operating temperature and supply voltage variations, and these effects should be considered in the design process. Based on the acquired simulation results, a general approach for the design of a radiation hardened CMOS pulse stretcher has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"105 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122632238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 50 GHz SiGe BiCMOS active bandpass filter","authors":"Saurabh Chaturvedi, M. Božanić, S. Sinha","doi":"10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2017.7934566","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a second-order active bandpass filter (BPF) at millimeter-wave frequency band using 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A complementary cross-coupled pair based negative resistance technique is applied to compensate for the resistive losses of microstrip line resonators. The proposed active BPF is simulated using the Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent's Electronic Measurement Group) Advanced Design System 2016.01. The center frequency (ƒc), 3-dB bandwidth, and fractional bandwidth of the simulated BPF are 53.85 GHz, 14.18 GHz, and 26.33%, respectively. The BPF shows an insertion loss (IL) of 0.33 dB and a return loss (RL) of 18.03 dB at ƒc. The minimum IL of 0.10 dB and best RL of 26.03 dB are observed in the passband. The noise figure and input 1-dB compression point (P1dB) at ƒc are 7.93 dB and −3.67 dBm, respectively. The power dissipation is 2.62 mW at 1.6 V supply voltage. For the input power level of −10 dBm, the power level of the second harmonic is −46.02 dBc.","PeriodicalId":330743,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125048154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}