Fuel Processing Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of structural parameters of SCR system under Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism based on machine learning coupled with response surface methodology","authors":"Zhiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Weihuang Zhong ,&nbsp;Mingzhang Pan ,&nbsp;Zibin Yin ,&nbsp;Kai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is an important method to control nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions from diesel engines. Excellent SCR structural parameters are the key to effectively reduce NO_x and back pressure. The dynamic reaction processes of NO_x standard reaction, fast reaction and NO₂-SCR reaction are deeply explored by establishing the Eley-Rideal model. The results show that the wall thickness and washcoat thickness of the SCR are the main determinants of the catalyst performance, while the CPSI has a great influence on the pressure drop. In addition, regression prediction analysis of experimental data by random forest (RF), particle swarm optimized backpropagation artificial neural network (PSOBP-ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to explore the coupling relation functions of structural parameters, and optimal test results were solved and verified. The denitrification efficiency of the structure-optimized SCR system increased by 22 % and the pressure drop decreased by 23 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 108141"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating isomers distribution of n-dodecane hydroisomerization by mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite","authors":"Jiangnan Xiang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Wang,&nbsp;Haiying Lu,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Weijiong Dai,&nbsp;Binbin Fan,&nbsp;Jiajun Zheng,&nbsp;Jinghong Ma,&nbsp;Ruifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite is prepared by the physical mixing. The structure, pore properties, acid properties and diffusion properties of samples are characterized by the means of XRD, N₂ physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH₃-TPD, Py-IR, and ZLC. The pore properties and acid properties of mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite can be efficiently modulated by changing mass ratio of mordenite and ZSM-22. In <em>n</em>-C₁₂ hydroisomerization reaction, Pt/HMZ-<em>x</em> displays great capacity in modulate <em>n</em>-dodecane isomers distribution (mono-branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂, multi-branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂, terminal branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂ and central branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂), these results are ascribed to that these composite zeolite catalysts combined the topology structure advantage of mordenite and ZSM-22. When reaction temperature is 280 °C, the ratio of mono-branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂ selectivity to multi-branched <em>i</em>-C₁₂ selectivity (S_MB/S_MTB) of Pt/HZSM-22, Pt/HMZ-1, Pt/HMZ-3, Pt/HMZ-5 and Pt/HMOR were 37.64, 15.04, 5.48, 5.20 and 1.47, respectively. The ZLC diffusion experiment results indicate that low isomer selectivity of Pt/HMOR is due to its poor diffusivity. On the contrary, Pt/HZSM-22 favors the diffusion of reactants and has better catalytic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on ignition characteristics of an integrated inclined combustor","authors":"Ge Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yi Gao ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yingwen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain the ignition performance of an integrated inclined combustor, we perform an experimental study on the ignition performance of an inclined combustor under various ignition positions, inlet flow rates, and fuel air ratios (<em>FARs</em>). The experimental results reveal the following. 1) During ignition at I1, the inclined combustor presents the best ignition performance. 2) The forward propagation process of flame along the swirler's inclined direction easily realizes flame propagation, whereas the backward flame propagation process in the swirler's inclined direction is difficult to achieve; forward and backward flame propagations exhibit evident differences. 3) The diffusion propagation of swirl flames at the ignition head is the main means swirl flames are generated at the nonignition head. 4) During the ignition process, the combustion intensity increases with the increase in <em>FAR</em> and decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate. 5) The successful ignition time decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate and <em>FAR</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108142"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-thermal conversion of biomass: Principles of solar concentrators/reactors, reported studies, and prospects for large-scale implementation","authors":"Yassir Makkawi,&nbsp;Mihad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nihal Yasir,&nbsp;Omar Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-thermal biomass conversion using both direct and indirect concentrated solar thermal energy is an emerging approach that combines two renewable energy sources to enhance energy efficiency and enable sustainable processing. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of various types of solar concentrators and reactors, showcasing the diversity of available technologies and their roles in enhancing conversion efficiency. The paper focuses on the reported studies on biomass solar-thermal conversion through gasification and pyrolysis processes, critically discussing the integrated process operating conditions and the quality of the products (biofuels). These analyses affirm the technical viability, emphasizing the relatively low energy investment required for pyrolysis compared to the total energy output from biomass feedstock. This points to the substantial promise of solar thermal biomass conversion as a sustainable and efficient renewable energy solution. The conclusion highlights the importance of ongoing research, technological advancements, and policy support to fully realize the potential of solar-thermal conversion of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108139"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot-scale study of methane-assisted catalytic bitumen partial upgrading","authors":"Zhaofei Li,&nbsp;Ali Omidkar,&nbsp;Hua Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct utilization of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils presents a formidable challenge due to their inherent physical and chemical properties such as high C/H ratio, extremely high viscosity and density, low API^o, super low mobility, high asphaltene and impurity (Fe, Ni, Co, S, N, etc.) contents. To tackle these problems cost-effectively, we have proposed and established a novel technique, distinct from conventional hydrotreating, for catalytic partial upgrading of extra heavy crudes with co-fed methane and a multi-functional catalyst. This technique has been further optimized using lab-scale batch reactors (100 mL, 300 mL), bench-scale and pilot-scale fixed bed reactors with their processing capacity of 250 mL/day and 20 L/day, respectively. The feasibility, stability, and profitability of this technique have been successfully verified using all these facilities and a wide variety of feedstock. Yet, further scale-up is necessary to advance this technique towards commercialization in industry. In this study, a pilot-scale prototype unit (processing capacity of 1 barrel/day) was designed and manufactured based upon the previous achievements, and a bitumen sample recovered from the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process was chosen as a typical extra heavy crude for the upgrading. A 30-day upgrading has been conducted smoothly without clogging and a liquid yield of 96.7 % was observed with remarkable enhancements in product quality. The notable decreases in density, viscosity, TAN, asphaltene content, and sulfur content were confirmed and consistent with previous results. A low olefin content implies excellent stability and compatibility of the liquid product. Additionally, a preliminary TEA (Techno-Economic Assessment) and LCA (Life-Cycle Analysis) have been conducted and the beneficial features of this novel technique have been confirmed with higher profitability, lower cost, and lower carbon footprint. This study further consolidates the advantages of this promising technique as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to hydrotreating for processing extra heavy crudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108138"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride for formic acid hydrogen generator in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system","authors":"Tae Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Seong Mo Yun ,&nbsp;Min Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Gibeom Kim ,&nbsp;Eun Sang Jung ,&nbsp;Taek Hyun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄) was investigated for dehydrogenation of formic acid. The catalyst was analyzed and tested to investigate the effect of amine functionalization on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Pd nanocatalyst was dispersed uniformly on NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄ without agglomeration. The turnover frequency value of Pd/NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄ was 1870 h⁻¹, which was higher than that of Pd/mpg-C₃N₄ because of the amine functionalization. The Pd/NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄ was also tested to investigate the effect of various reaction conditions (formic acid concentration, sodium formate concentration, and reaction temperature) on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Formic acid concentration negatively affected the catalytic activity, whereas sodium formate concentration positively affected it. Reaction temperature significantly affected the catalytic activity. The apparent activation energy of the Pd/NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄ catalyst was 60.7 kJ mol⁻¹, and a hydrogen generator with the catalyst exhibited high conversion efficiency at an elevated temperature. Consequently, a hydrogen generator with Pd/NH₂-mpg-C₃N₄ is suitable for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001036/pdfft?md5=43c2b4624378e152ba4b5400a83de694&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental investigation of the impacts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ethanol on performance and emission characteristics on diesel engines run with castor Biodiesel ethanol blended fuel","authors":"Dinku Seyoum Zeleke,&nbsp;Addisu Kassahun Tefera","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108137"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001073/pdfft?md5=6df56c01774883acd9970b90aabcacfd&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of NO reduction mechanism of nitrogen-impregnated biomass across wide temperature range","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Qu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Frédéric Marias ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional denitrification methods for coal-fired power boilers face challenges like reduced flue gas temperature at low loads, decreased efficiency of existing denitrification devices, and increased ammonia consumption. Biomass, a renewable energy source, has proven effective for denitrification in medium to high-temperature ranges. To improve denitrification efficiency at low loads, this study focuses on optimizing re-burning denitrification of biomass by nitrogen-impregnated of corncob at room temperature. Investigating the effects of nitrogen impregnation and washing on biomass re-burning denitrification reactivity within 550–950 °C, the study finds that denitrification efficiency improvement is not caused only by surface-covered urea or washing. Nitrogen impregnation enhances biomass pyrolysis, releasing more CO, HCN, and NH₃ products, thereby enhancing NO reduction during denitrification. Additionally, nitrogen impregnation boosts nitrogen-containing functional groups such N-6 on biomass char surfaces during the re-burning process, improving denitrification efficiency. The maximum denitrification efficiency of the nitrogen impregnated sample reached 97.52 % at 950 °C, while it reached 76.51 % at 650 °C when the coated urea was washed. Furthermore, chlorine and alkali metal contents in biomass notably decrease after nitrogen-impregnation and washing, optimizing biomass combustion conditions for furnace protection. This study offers theoretical insights for promoting and applying biomass denitrification techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001024/pdfft?md5=26dbf0d1573c202d4cbde47f6e8b0af5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the mechanism behind the surge in nitrogen dioxide emissions in engines transitioning from pure diesel operation to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation","authors":"Qiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ruomiao Yang ,&nbsp;Junheng Liu ,&nbsp;Tianfang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In diesel engines, nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the predominant component of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. However, when transitioning to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation, even with a small percentage of methanol replacing diesel energy (e.g. 10 %), the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) increases significantly, becoming comparable to that of NO. This study employs multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to reproduce this NO₂/NOx surge ratio phenomenon and investigates the underlying mechanism driving the surge in NO₂ emissions, an area insufficiently explored in existing literature. By comparing CFD simulations with and without the NO+HO₂↔NO₂ + OH reaction in the chemical mechanism, the results reveal that the surge in NO₂ concentration disappears when this reaction is invalidated, while engine efficiency, combustion phasing, and overall NOx emissions remain largely unchanged. This indicates that the NO+HO₂↔NO₂ + OH reaction is the primary contributor to the sudden increase in the NO₂/NOx ratio. Further analysis during the main combustion stage shows that the diesel spray splits into two distinct regions after impinging on the bowl boundary, with one region deep within the bowl and the other near the squish region. During the late oxidation stage, the diffusion flame directed towards the deep bowl area remains a high-temperature zone with a high concentration of NO, whereas the flame near the squish region evolves into a low-temperature zone due to effective mixing with the low-temperature methanol/air mixture. In these low-temperature regions, almost all NO formed during the main combustion stage is converted to NO₂ during the late oxidation stage, leading to the observed NO₂/NOx ratio surge. Methanol oxidation contributes HO₂ radicals, which facilitate the NO-to-NO₂ conversion. Consequently, the low-temperature oxidation of methanol outside the high-temperature region does not lead to thermal ignition but is instead responsible for the rare occurrence of the NO₂ surge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108131"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001012/pdfft?md5=c3715bc5aacc519a78369d93364876b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient Co-added Ni/CeO2 catalyst for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes by methane decomposition","authors":"Jae-Rang Youn ,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Ki Cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Mincheol Kim ,&nbsp;Taesung Jung ,&nbsp;Kang-Seok Go ,&nbsp;Sang Goo Jeon ,&nbsp;Woohyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a hydrogen and nanostructured carbon production process with minimal CO₂ emission. Among the transition metal-based catalysts (e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, etc.), Ni-based catalysts are most widely studied due to the higher catalytic activity in decomposing methane. However, the limited lifespan of the catalyst makes it unsuitable for practical applications. Effective methane decomposition catalysts should be designed to optimize both reaction efficiency and catalyst lifetime. A Ni/CeO₂ catalyst, developed in previous studies, Co was added to promote low-temperature (&lt; 700 °C) activity manipulating the redox property of Co. Among the prepared catalysts with varying Ni:Co ratio, the methane conversion rate of the Ni₈Co₂/CeO₂ catalyst was approximately twice that of the Ni₁₀/CeO₂ catalyst, confirming its excellent low-temperature activity. The reaction rate of Ni₈Co₂/CeO₂ catalyst was 4.38 mmol/min∙g_cat at 600 °C with WHSV of 36 L/g_cat∙h. In terms of characteristics of carbon products, Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the carbon grown on the catalyst surface exhibited high crystallinity, with D-G band ratio (I_D/I_G) of 1.01. The fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by TEM, XPS, XAS, and other methods to analyze the parameters affecting catalytic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108130"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001000/pdfft?md5=00c48cd2f13854b03ac8474c92325edf&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001000-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}