Fuel Processing Technology最新文献_第2页

Development and turbine engine testing of coconut oil-based biojet fuel 椰子油基生物喷气燃料的开发与涡轮发动机试验

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108252

Anna Yakovlieva , Rudolf Andoga , Ladislav Főző , Stepan Zubenko , Serhii Konovalov

{"title":"Development and turbine engine testing of coconut oil-based biojet fuel","authors":"Anna Yakovlieva , Rudolf Andoga , Ladislav Főző , Stepan Zubenko , Serhii Konovalov","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable aviation fuels, along with the need to decarbonize the aviation sector, has led to ongoing extensive research into renewable jet fuels. Despite notable progress, there remains a need to expand the range of feedstocks, optimize technological pathways, and scale up new fuel production. The authors propose developing novel biojet fuel in response to these challenges. The work presents complex research on the synthesis of renewable fuel components, the study of basic physical-chemical properties of new biojet fuel, and the assessment of gas turbine engine operation parameters to validate the hypothesis that this fuel can be used for jet engine propulsion with the required efficiency. Coconut oil ethyl esters (COEE) used as a renewable component were synthesized via esterification of coconut oil with ethanol and refined via vacuum distillation. The choice of the feedstock and production method allowed the production of a product with a high level of purity (97.4 %) of COEE, a light molecular weight composition (C6-C18) close to conventional jet fuel, and a low content of unsaturated fatty acids (below 5 %). The study of basic physical-chemical properties of biojet fuels containing traditional jet fuel and 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of COEE demonstrated the rise of density by 1.01–2.53 %, viscosity by 9.79–32.26 %, freezing point by 10.34–33.51 %, and reduction of combustion heat by 1.69–5.07 %. Performance tests of a small gas turbine engine with conventional and biojet fuels demonstrated an overall stable engine start-up and operation. While no negative impact on operating parameters was found, the rise of the engine's specific fuel consumption was observed at all operation regimes: by 2.58 % 4.81 %, and 7.42 % for biojet fuel with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of COEE, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of gas sorption and pore structure alterations of sludge bio-seeding coals: an experimental study 污泥生物种子煤吸附特性及孔隙结构变化的实验研究

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108251

Elham Rahimi, Xinxin He, Shimin Liu

{"title":"Characterization of gas sorption and pore structure alterations of sludge bio-seeding coals: an experimental study","authors":"Elham Rahimi, Xinxin He, Shimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of sludge-based bio-treatment on gas sorption and pore structure modification in subbituminous and lignite coals, aiming to enhance methane-rich biogas production from coal waste. We previously reported the promising results for biogas production from batch reactors using coal as the primary feedstock and sludge as the bio-seeds. In this study, methane and CO<sub>2</sub> gas sorption experiments, along with pore structure characterization, were performed to quantify the changes in gas sorption capacity induced by bio-reaction and modifications to the pore structure. The results reveal significant capacity increases post-bio-treatment, with CH₄ adsorption improving by 40 % for subbituminous coal and 42 % for lignite, and CO₂ adsorption increasing by 53 % and 24 %, respectively. The pore structure characterization confirmed enhanced pore volume and surface area, suggesting active microbial-induced modifications, primarily on macropore surfaces. These changes contribute to improved gas sorption and present promising implications for bio-enhanced coalbed methane recovery and CO₂ sequestration. This study affirmatively confirmed that bio-reaction induced microbial activities actively modified the pore structure. Future investigations will be needed to quantify the localized aqueous-gas equilibrium for optimizing sludge bio-seeding coal conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108251"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of fly ash components on the performance of recycled copper-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion 粉煤灰组分对化学环燃烧用再生铜基氧载体性能的影响

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108236

Logan R. Hughey, Kevin J. Whitty

{"title":"Influence of fly ash components on the performance of recycled copper-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion","authors":"Logan R. Hughey, Kevin J. Whitty","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper-based, silica-supported oxygen carriers were prepared with low concentrations of metal oxide impurities representing solid-fuel ash components that would co-leach when using nitric acid to recover copper oxide from spent fluidized bed materials in a solid-fuel-fired chemical looping system. Oxygen carriers were prepared to contain approximately 30 wt% CuO on a high surface area silica support with metal oxide impurity-to-CuO ratios of 1:100. Both single- and multi-impurity materials were considered with impurities being introduced as aqueous nitrates during synthesis. Many of the prepared oxygen carriers exhibited lower oxygen transport capacity than expected due to support-CuO interactions. Multi-impurity oxygen carriers displayed the best performance, even better than material containing only CuO, and the presence of alkali salts was determined to be important for enhancing oxygen transport capacity and reaction rates. All oxygen carrier materials were highly reactive, with oxidation and reduction achieving near completion within two minutes at 950 °C. This study concludes that the presence of impurities is not detrimental to oxygen carrier performance and a simple, low-cost oxygen carrier recycle process could be viable. With such a recycle process, it would be possible to reduce the make-up cost associated with the loss of oxygen carriers due to attrition, thus improving economics of chemical looping combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental and techno-economic analyses of oxygen blast furnace systems integrated with carbon capture and utilization strategy 结合碳捕获与利用策略的氧鼓风炉系统的环境与技术经济分析

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108238

Hafiz M. Irfan , Chao-Chuan Yang , Wei Wu , Bo-Jhih Lin , Jia-Shyan Shiau

{"title":"Environmental and techno-economic analyses of oxygen blast furnace systems integrated with carbon capture and utilization strategy","authors":"Hafiz M. Irfan , Chao-Chuan Yang , Wei Wu , Bo-Jhih Lin , Jia-Shyan Shiau","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For mitigating net CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the oxygen blast furnace (OBF) system, the top gas recycling by connecting a Monoethanolamine (MEA)-based CO<sub>2</sub> capture process as Scenario 1 (OBF + CC) and a carbon capture and utilization (CCU) process as Scenario 2 (OBF + CCU) is proposed. Scenario 2 utilizes a Triethylene glycol (TEG) physical absorption process for producing an industrial-grade 99.999 % purity liquid CO<sub>2</sub> product. Carbon tracking in Aspen Plus indicates that Scenario 2 achieves significantly lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions with 4.1 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/tHM than Scenario 1 with 770 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/tHM. To synergize Aspen Plus® modeling and environmental impact assessment using SimaPro®, Scenario 2 has a lower impact on eutrophication potential, acidification potential, water depletion, and fossil resource depletion as compared to Scenario 1. Techno-economic analysis of Scenario 2 indicates that the liquid CO<sub>2</sub> product generates a potential profit of 973.95 USD/tHM, which fully offsets the CO<sub>2</sub> production cost of 378.33 USD/tHM in the CCU process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108238"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the combustion and safety performance of Al@AP Core-Shell structures with boron nitride 氮化硼增强Al@AP核壳结构的燃烧和安全性能

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108253

Jiahui Shi , Jiahao Liang , Yingjun Li , Xiaolu Bi , Haijun Zhang , Xueyong Guo , Shi Yan , Junwei Li , Jianxin Nie

{"title":"Enhancing the combustion and safety performance of Al@AP Core-Shell structures with boron nitride","authors":"Jiahui Shi , Jiahao Liang , Yingjun Li , Xiaolu Bi , Haijun Zhang , Xueyong Guo , Shi Yan , Junwei Li , Jianxin Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing energy release and safety performance of energetic materials has garnered significant attention in composite solid propellants. Boron nitride (BN), known for its high thermal conductivity and lubricating properties, is a promising additive. To explore its application in propellants, Al@AP core-shell structure particles were prepared using an in situ deposition method. Structural characterisation, thermal decomposition properties, combustion characteristics, and safety of BN-doped Al@AP samples were evaluated using SEM, BET, XRD, DSC-TG-FTIR, closed bomb, laser ignition, and BAM standards. The results confirmed that AP effectively coated Al to form a typical core-shell structure, and BN was successfully incorporated into the Al@AP framework. BN promoted the thermal decomposition of Al@AP; at 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% BN, the low-temperature decomposition temperature of AP decreased by 28.01 °C and 26.85 °C, while the high-temperature decomposition temperature dropped by 6.41 °C and 5.25 °C, respectively. Closed bomb and laser ignition experiments indicated that with increasing BN content, the pressure rise rate and combustion intensity initially increased and then decreased. At 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% BN, the maximum pressure reached 127.93 kPa and 155.97 kPa, with corresponding pressure rise rates of 19.12 kPa/ms and 11.80 kPa/ms. The addition of BN significantly improves the safety performance of Al@AP, considerably reducing its impact and friction sensitivities. These findings demonstrated that when the BN content was 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%, both the combustion characteristics and safety of Al@AP were improved, achieving a practical balance and providing design guidance for the application of BN-doped Al@AP in solid propellants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of wall temperature on non-premixed micro-combustion: A comparative experimental study of copper and aluminum in Swiss-roll chambers 壁面温度对非预混微燃烧的影响：铜和铝在瑞士辊燃烧室的对比实验研究

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108237

Soroush Sarrafan Sadeghi, Sadegh Tabejamaat, Amirreza Ghahremani, Sina Narimani Asl

{"title":"Effects of wall temperature on non-premixed micro-combustion: A comparative experimental study of copper and aluminum in Swiss-roll chambers","authors":"Soroush Sarrafan Sadeghi, Sadegh Tabejamaat, Amirreza Ghahremani, Sina Narimani Asl","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-combustors, vital for compact power and propulsion, face significant challenges in maintaining flame stability and achieving high blow-off limits. This study experimentally investigated counterflow non-premixed methane‑oxygen combustion in an innovative Swiss-roll chamber, examining bodies crafted from copper, aluminum, and steel at varying wall temperatures. Our primary objective was to thoroughly evaluate how these distinct body materials impact flame dynamics and overall micro-combustion performance. We utilized advanced diagnostic techniques, including spectroscopy and RGB image processing, for detailed analysis. Results showed copper's inherent catalytic properties notably enhanced combustion, with radical radiation intensity increasing by up to 30 % as chamber temperature rose. Conversely, in the aluminum chamber, surface adsorption of radicals by the formed alumina layer hindered radical radiation, weakening it with rising temperature. Notably, no flame was observed in the steel chamber. These findings unequivocally demonstrate the profound influence of body material on micro-combustion performance. This research offers valuable, material-specific insights crucial for the optimal design and precise optimization of next-generation micro-combustion devices, guiding material selection for enhanced efficiency and reliability in applications like micro-thermophotovoltaic systems and micro-thrusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 108237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water poisoning and resistance in catalytic oxidation of VOCs from industrial flue gas 工业烟气中挥发性有机化合物催化氧化的水中毒和抗性

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108231

Xiao Zhang , Da Chen , Cai Liang , Boxiong Shen

{"title":"Water poisoning and resistance in catalytic oxidation of VOCs from industrial flue gas","authors":"Xiao Zhang , Da Chen , Cai Liang , Boxiong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial flue gas, as precursors to particulate matter and photochemical smog, pose direct hazards to atmospheric environment and adversely affect the health of communities. Catalytic oxidation is a cost-effective and feasible method for VOCs purification from industry flue gas, however, encounter catalyst poisoning caused by water vapor under realistic working environments. Understanding the influence of water vapor on VOCs catalytic oxidation activity and the water-involved mechanisms on metal oxide catalyst surfaces is crucial in solving water poisoning in catalytic reactions. This review concludes that various working conditions of industrial flue gas significantly influence the impact of water vapor on VOCs oxidation, in terms of efficiency, stability, and selectivity. Water-involved VOCs catalytic oxidation mechanisms, including: competitive adsorption, generation of hydroxyl, alter reaction path and cleaning effect, alongside the specific methods employed to study these processes are analyzed. This review also covers the developments in water-resistant catalysts, focusing on strategies such as optimizing catalyst supports, active components, morphologies, and preparation methods. This review aims to advance industrial flue gas purification by providing better understanding of mechanisms of VOCs oxidation in wet flue gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation method for determining the misfire boundary of n-butanol premixed charge compression ignition 确定正丁醇预混装药压缩点火失火边界的定量评价方法

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108234

Zhiqiang Han , Qiang Yang , Buwei Deng , Zinong Zuo , Jia Fang , Yan Yan , Yi Wu , Xueshun Wu , Wei Tian

引用次数: 0

Effect of sodium promotion on zinc-ferrite catalysts for CO and CO2 co-conversion: Insights from in situ and theoretical studies 钠促进对锌-铁氧体CO和CO2共转化催化剂的影响：来自原位和理论研究的见解

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108232

Mansurbek Urol ugli Abdullaev , Gyungah Park , Nam Sun Kim , Jin-Ju Lee , Yang Sik Yun , Jung Ho Shin , Hee-Joon Chun , Yong Tae Kim

{"title":"Effect of sodium promotion on zinc-ferrite catalysts for CO and CO2 co-conversion: Insights from in situ and theoretical studies","authors":"Mansurbek Urol ugli Abdullaev , Gyungah Park , Nam Sun Kim , Jin-Ju Lee , Yang Sik Yun , Jung Ho Shin , Hee-Joon Chun , Yong Tae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of sodium (Na) on the co-conversion of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> over Na-promoted zinc-ferrite catalysts. Using a combination of H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, CO-TPR, in situ Raman spectroscopy, calorimetry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that Na significantly modifies catalyst performance. Even at low Na levels (Na/Fe = 0.06), CO conversion is accelerated by up to 120 times compared to CO<sub>2</sub>, while methanation is suppressed and olefin production is enhanced. However, excess Na leads to graphite formation and coke deposition. In situ Raman analysis reveals the transformation of Fe oxides into Fe carbides in Na-doped catalysts, while calorimetry indicates a reduced strength in the exothermicity associated with suppressed methanation and enhanced C<sub>2</sub>+ hydrocarbon formation. DFT calculations further demonstrate that high Na content strengthens adsorption, particularly for CO<sub>2</sub> and 1-hexene, increasing the likelihood of coke formation. These findings emphasize the key role of Na in modifying catalytic activity and offer valuable insights for optimizing CO/CO<sub>2</sub> co-conversion processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108232"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of ammonia concentration on emulsification characteristics of ammonia solution–biodiesel emulsion blends 氨浓度对氨溶液-生物柴油乳液共混物乳化特性的影响

IF 7.2 2区工程技术

Fuel Processing Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108233

Iman Kasih Telaumbanua , Yoshihiko Oishi , Keisuke Yagi , Yu Tanaka , Riky Stepanus Situmorang , Himsar Ambarita , Hideki Kawai

{"title":"Effect of ammonia concentration on emulsification characteristics of ammonia solution–biodiesel emulsion blends","authors":"Iman Kasih Telaumbanua , Yoshihiko Oishi , Keisuke Yagi , Yu Tanaka , Riky Stepanus Situmorang , Himsar Ambarita , Hideki Kawai","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emulsifying ammonia in biodiesel provides an eco-friendly fuel for diesel engines by reducing NOx emissions. Research on this emulsification for diesel engines is still in its early stages with limited studies available. The characteristics of ABEF at various ammonia concentrations are unknown. Understanding these characteristics is critical to optimizing incorporation strategies of optimum ammonia concentration. This study examined ABEF behavior with ammonia concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt% of water content. We evaluated MDD, emulsion stability, DPA, and pH changes. Emulsions were prepared by mixing cooking oil biodiesel, water, ammonia solution, and surfactants using an ultrasonic homogenizer. Through the preliminary tests, we determined that the sonication for 10 min with 0.5 vol% surfactant and 10 vol% water achieved the best emulsion properties for ABEF. The results show that MDD in ABEF increased with ammonia concentration of up to 5 wt% but decreased above 10 wt%. The DPA also increased with ammonia concentration, reaching 2.85 % at 10 wt% compared with 2.52 % in the biodiesel emulsion without ammonia. Increased ammonia concentration increased pH, improving surfactant performance and emulsification stability. Emulsions with 5–10 wt% ammonia were more stable than those with 1–3 wt% due to stronger repulsive forces preventing droplet fusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 108233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0