Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Countrywide “best buy” interventions for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control in countries with different level of socioeconomic development","authors":"Nikolai Khaltaev,&nbsp;Svetlana Axelrod","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.49","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.49","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on populations globally and in particular, on lower-income countries (LIC). WHO identified a package of 16 “best buy” lifestyle and management interventions that are cost-effective and applicable in all settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare NCD risk factors in all WHO countries and make preliminary assessment of “best buy” interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk factors estimation was made in 188 countries. NCD attributable “best buys” concern tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. Management issues are based on the availability of the national NCD guidelines and provision of drug therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Every fourth adult in high-income countries (HIC) has raised blood pressure (RBP). Prevalence of RBP in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) and LIC is 22%–23% (HIC/LMIC: <i>t</i> = <i>3.12</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.01</i>). Prevalence of diabetes in LIC is less than half of that in HIC and upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) UMIC/LIC: <i>t = 8.37</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.001</i>. Obesity prevalence is gradually decreasing from HIC to LIC (HIC/LIC: <i>t = 11.48</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.001</i>). Highest level of physical inactivity is seen in HIC, which then gradually declines to LIC (17%). Tobacco prevalence in LIC is almost less than half of that in HIC and UMIC (HIC/LIC: <i>t = 7.2</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.0001</i>). There is a gradual decline in the implementation of “best buys” from HIC to LIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wealthier countries have better implementation of the WHO NCD prevention strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/73/CDT3-9-44.PMC10011669.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of malnutrition using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool and hand muscle strength in subjects with pancreatitis","authors":"Akshatha Nagaraj Thantry,&nbsp;Asna Urooj,&nbsp;Dinesh Halumathigatta Nagappa","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.48","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.48","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pancreatitis patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The degree of malnutrition is dependent on the duration, viz. acute or chronic. Studies on nutritional status in patients with pancreatitis are limited. Prevalence of nutritional status, physical functioning, and muscle strength among the subjects are scarce globally. The main aim of this study was to screen the status of malnutrition using appropriate screening tools and to assess hand muscle strength among subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 subjects (18–80 years old, 59 males and 5 females) in Mysore city, Karnataka. The patients were screened for malnutrition using a standard tool Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and handgrip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of patients (<i>n</i> = 44) were categorized as moderately malnourished/suspected malnutrition (Stage B) according to PG-SGA. A significant difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005) in handgrip strength was seen in men aged 31–40 (<i>t</i> = −3.287) and 41–50 (<i>t</i> = −5.487) years compared to healthy adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was able to identify patients at risk of malnutrition when the PG-SGA tool was used along with handgrip strength and other anthropometric parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/34/CDT3-8-314.PMC9676117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of biopsy-proven glomerular diseases in Chinese children: A scoping review","authors":"Yetong Li,&nbsp;Yue Yang,&nbsp;Li Zhuo,&nbsp;Dan Wu,&nbsp;Wenge Li,&nbsp;Xiaorong Liu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.46","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001–2010) and 3 (2011–2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/7c/CDT3-8-271.PMC9676133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Shangyi Jin,&nbsp;Jiuliang Zhao,&nbsp;Mengtao Li,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zeng","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.43","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past few decades, understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved substantially. Insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in RA have enabled the discovery of new therapeutic targets and led to the development of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In parallel with the improvement in therapies, the evolution of strategies in the management of RA has also contributed considerably to better outcomes in patients. Major changes include the development of disease activity measures, formulation of the treat-to-target principles as well as increased attention to comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases may increase the mortality of RA patients, affect their treatment strategies and result in worse outcomes. Therefore, prevention and management of certain high-risk comorbidities have become increasingly important in the long-term treatment of RA. In this study, we summarized new insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities, with a special focus on the 2021 update of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for RA and key reports presented at the 2021 ACR convergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9676127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10328000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory questionnaire-based analysis of awareness of COPD in a large multicenter rural population-based study in India","authors":"Shital Patil,&nbsp;Rajesh Patil,&nbsp;Mukund Bhise,&nbsp;Anil Jadhav","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.47","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.47","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a more prevalent chronic lung disease with a significant health burden, and the majority of these cases receive inadequate treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. A total of 6000 COPD cases were enrolled after the spirometry test. COPD cases were assessed as disease knowledge and methods of treatment offered by applying questionnaires to patients and treating physicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, 3% of study cases were aware of their COPD illness, 54% were not having knowledge about the disease, and 43% cases were not accepting the COPD diagnosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). A total of 58% of cases received inhalation treatment as levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Total 42% cases received oral treatment as theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“Doctor–patient–drug trio” discordance clubbed as “difficult doctor, difficult patient, and difficult treatment” is a very crucial issue observed during diagnosis and management of COPD in peripheral settings in India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"322-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/3c/CDT3-8-322.PMC9676131.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in body composition in relation to estimated glomerular filtration rate and physical activity in predialysis chronic kidney disease","authors":"Prathiksha R. Bhat,&nbsp;Asna Urooj,&nbsp;Srinivas Nalloor","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.45","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.45","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient-related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight (<i>p</i> = 0.02), body fat mass (<i>p</i> = 0.05), visceral fat area (<i>p</i> = 0.05), and phase angle (<i>p</i> = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/ab/CDT3-8-305.PMC9676115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the era of long COVID, can we seek new techniques for better rehabilitation?","authors":"Jiaze He,&nbsp;Ting Yang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.42","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a pandemic, medical staff and researchers have devotedly managed the disease in terms of pathogens, prevention, and treatment. Even so, the virus continues to wreak havoc in people's lives. Recent evidence shows that patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 show distinct symptoms ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection to fatal disease. Moreover, this virus not only provokes an acute inflammatory response but could also cause a range of persistent symptoms after the phase of acute infection. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence defines this phenomenon as long COVID.<span>¹</span> Currently, there is no definite definition of long COVID. However, the basic argument, that patients who have recovered from acute infection present with persistent symptoms that cannot be explained by another diagnosis beyond 3–4 weeks postinfection, remains the same. Academic publications have estimated that 10%–20% of patients with COVID-19 have some complaints after COVID-19.<span>²</span></p><p>Most patients with COVID-19 present with respiratory dysfunction, fatigue, and psychological disorders during and after acute infection, and their lives are greatly affected. Under this circumstance, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has become a powerful weapon to deal with those symptoms in the context of quantities of evidence of its efficiency.<span>³</span> However, restricting quarantine to minimize viral spread may limit the utility of conventional PR programs. Thus, new techniques and innovative programs or approaches must be discussed and estimated. In this case, we could obtain a more comprehensive and critical perspective on the frontiers of medicine.</p><p>The pandemic necessitated a transformation of traditional PR. More physiotherapists have begun to move their attention from face-to-face to remote rehabilitation and evaluate its accessibility and safety. Remote rehabilitation, also named telerehabilitation, involves various techniques and could eliminate the limitations of distance. The techniques range from cell phone messages to videoconferencing and Internet platforms. It may not only provide more access to PR but also help maintain the original outcomes of traditional PR.</p><p>Accordingly, it facilitates many new techniques to conduct home-based assessments to guarantee the safety of PR and improve the prescription of PR programs. During the pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used to support diagnosis, treatment and vaccine discovery, epidemiological modeling, patient outcome–related tasks, and infodemiology.<span>^{4, 5}</span> Currently, an increasing number of AI or robotic technologies are used to provide training to students and healthcare professionals, find appropriate remote rehabilitation approaches, and implement a standard PR program.</p><p>Initially, the environment and asses","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/d2/CDT3-8-149.PMC9481878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global online study of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Peter K. Panegyres,&nbsp;Jodi Russell,&nbsp;Huei-Yang Chen,&nbsp;Mariella Panegyres","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.44","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to understand the uptake of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in neuroimmunological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An independent University affiliated research organization conducted a global online survey of people having had HSCT, examining demographics, treatment protocol, and effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 271 participants, useful data were available in 223; women aged 35–54 accounted for 73.5%. Most had a household income greater than US$50,000, and the majority of participants were from Australia and the United States. Nearly 94.6% of people suffer from MS. Most had their treatment in Russia (38.7%) and 78.1% had nonmyeloablative transplants. Nearly half of the participants spent between US$50,000 to US$74,999. There were 54.5% of neurologists who did not support their patients having HSCT. Around 85.5% of participants believed HSCT helped them manage their disease from weeks to years after transplantation, and treatment was recommended by 9.5% of participants. The average reduction in Expanded Disability Status Score after transplantation was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.97–1.41; <i>N</i> = 197; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01; <i>t</i>: 10.7, <i>df</i>: 196).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were supportive of HSCT despite the costs and would recommend it to others. The data suggest some benefit in minimizing disability in MS and provides justification for large randomized controlled trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/28/CDT3-9-39.PMC10011666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered asymmetries of resting-state MRI in the left thalamus of first-episode schizophrenia","authors":"Sha Liu,&nbsp;Zhenglong Guo,&nbsp;Hongbao Cao,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Xiaodong Hu,&nbsp;Long Cheng,&nbsp;Jianying Li,&nbsp;Ruize Liu,&nbsp;Yong Xu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.41","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.41","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure. Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics. We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ. Also, we applied Pearson's correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with healthy controls, SCZ showed increased gray matter volume (GMV) of the left thalamus (<i>t</i> = 2.214, <i>p</i> = 0.029), which positively correlated with general psychosis (<i>r</i> = 0.423, <i>p</i> = 0.010). SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, fALFF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the caudate nucleus, and decreased fALFF in the precuneus. The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ. PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula (<i>r</i> = −0.414, <i>p</i> = 0.025).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/01/CDT3-8-207.PMC9481880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing natural killer cells to develop next-generation cellular immunotherapy","authors":"Siyao Liu,&nbsp;Kaycee Nguyen,&nbsp;Dongyong Park,&nbsp;Nelson Wong,&nbsp;Anson Wang,&nbsp;Yubin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellular immunotherapy harnesses the body's own immune system to fight cancer by using engineered T cells, macrophages, or natural killer (NK) cells. Compared to chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells that are commonly used to treat hematological malignancies, CAR-NK cells have shown remarkable therapeutic effectiveness while exhibiting enhanced safety, reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease, fewer side effects, and amplified antitumor efficacy. Preclinical trials have unveiled the high potential of adoptive CAR-NK cell therapy to curtail or even eliminate both hematological malignancies and solid tumors in animal models. We brought forth herein the design principle of CAR-NK cells, highlighted the latest progress in the preclinical testing and clinical trials of CAR-NK cells, briefly delved into discussed major roadblocks in CAR-NK therapy, and discussed potential solutions to surmount these challenges. Given the accelerated progress in both basic and translational studies on immune cell engineering, CAR-NK cell therapy promises to become a serious contender and important addition to the next-generation cell-based immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/e8/CDT3-8-245.PMC9676120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}