Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Percent body fat, but not body mass index, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents","authors":"Xin He,&nbsp;Zhenni Zhu,&nbsp;Jiajie Zang,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Wang,&nbsp;Ping Liao,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang,&nbsp;Yan Shi,&nbsp;Chen Fu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.54","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem. Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood. We investigated the association between percent body fat (PBF) measured by the bioelectrical impedance assay and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in pediatrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study involved 3819 subjects (6–17 years old) in Shanghai. We assessed the association between PBF and body mass index (BMI) with multiple CMR factors. We examined the risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to overweight and obesity based on age- and sex-specific PBF <i>Z</i>-scores and BMI <i>Z</i>-scores, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBF, but not BMI, was positively associated with multiple CMR factors in males and females except for total cholesterol in females (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the non-overweight group based on PBF, overweight and obese subjects had increasingly higher odds ratio of dyslipidemia (2.90 (1.99–4.23), 4.59 (2.88–7.32) for males and 1.82 (1.20–2.75), 2.46 (1.47–4.11) for females) and elevated blood pressure (BP) (3.26 (2.35–4.51), 4.55 (2.92–7.09) for males and 1.59 (1.07–2.34), 3.98 (2.27–6.17) for females). Obesity females showed a higher likelihood for hyperglycemia (2.19 (1.24–3.84)) than non-overweight females. In both sexes, the predictive effect of PBF on dyslipidemia and elevated BP in adolescents was better than that in children. For hyperglycemia, the predictive effect of PBF was better in male adolescents and female children. There was no risk difference for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to BMI-based obesity categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBF but not BMI was associated with CMR. Overweight and obesity categories based on PBF had an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 2","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/97/CDT3-9-143.PMC10249195.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9976411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological practice in the differential diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma from neoplasms with mucinous component","authors":"Yuelu Zhu,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Lei Guo,&nbsp;Wenbin Li,&nbsp;Jiali Mu,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Jianming Ying,&nbsp;Haizhen Lu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.55","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The differential diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) from neoplasm undergoing mucinous features brings more pitfalls to pathologists. Combining specific <i>MAML2</i> gene rearrangement and histological characteristics may be the solution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five tumors with mucinous components were selected for differential diagnosis of MEC. All the cases were detected for <i>MAML2</i> gene rearrangement. The cases diagnosed as MEC were classified into four variants: classic, oncocytic, Warthin-like, and nonclassified, and they were graded using the Brandwein system. The histological characteristics of non-MECs were summarized for differential diagnosis. Univariate survival analysis was performed on MECs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 16 MECs; 62.5% were <i>MAML2</i> rearranged. For the low-, intermediate-, and high-grade MECs, the rate of rearrangement was 83.3%, 100%, and 28.6%, respectively. Both the oncocytic and Warthin-like MECs were <i>MAML2</i> rearranged. For the classic and nonclassified MECs without <i>MAML2</i> rearrangement, non-keratinized squamoid cells and distinctive mucinous cells were essential diagnostic criteria. On survival analysis, all the disease progression occurred in high-grade MECs (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Nine cases were diagnosed as non-MECs: pleomorphic adenoma with mucinous metaplasia showed no ex-capsular involvement; metaplastic Warthin tumor appeared with overt keratinization and residual oncocytic bilayered epithelium; mix squamous cell and glandular papilloma showed an endobronchial papillary growing pattern; adenosquamous carcinoma was accompanied by squamous carcinoma in situ of the overlying mucosa. All the non-MECs were negative for <i>MAML2</i> rearrangement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of combining <i>MAML2</i> rearrangement and histological characteristics is helpful in the differential diagnosis between MEC and other tumors with mucinous components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/1e/CDT3-9-29.PMC10011664.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alignment of human KAT2A (GCN5) histone acetyltransferase and SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 viral proteins","authors":"Steven Lehrer,&nbsp;Peter H. Rheinstein","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.56","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already claimed the lives of more than six million people, according to the World Health Organization, and the actual death toll may exceed 18 million. People are avoiding severe cases of COVID-19 thanks to vaccines, medications, and immunity from prior infections. Yet the virus's capacity to block the body's immune response, made possible by its arsenal of proteins, is one factor in its propensity to spread.<span>¹</span></p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus according to Kee et al. has evolved to mimic KAT2A (lysine acetyltransferase 2A, GCN5), one of the histone proteins that package DNA in the cell nucleus.<span>²</span> Gene transcription is deranged because of this mimicry, which reduces antiviral response. To create chromatin, DNA is wrapped around proteins like histone H3. Among other adjustments, the addition or removal of acetyl groups can modify how tightly chromatin is packed and influence how genes are expressed. An amino acid sequence known as the ARKS motif in H3 is modified by the enzyme KAT2A which adds acetyl groups and encourages gene transcription. Kee et al. found that the Orf8 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus also has an ARKS motif. KAT2A interacts with Orf8 via ARKS, which modifies it and may cause KAT2A destruction.<span>³</span></p><p>Using structures from RCSB Protein Data Bank, we now report another way that Orf8 may interfere with KAT2A and gene transcription. In Orf8, 51 amino acids align closely with KAT2A and could adversely alter its activity.</p><p>We examined two RCSB Protein Data Bank molecules: Human GCN5 (KAT2A) histone acetyltransferase (1Z4R)<span>⁴</span> and SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 S84 viral protein (7F5F).<span>⁵</span></p><p>The protein structures were superimposed and aligned on PYMOL (version 2.5.0; Schrödinger, LLC) with the Super command, which super aligns two protein selections. Super does a sequence-independent structure-based dynamic programming alignment (unlike the align command) followed by a series of refinement cycles intended to improve the fit by eliminating pairing with high relative variability. The Super command is more reliable than align for proteins with low sequence similarity.</p><p>Pymol performed five cycles of calculations on 65 aligned atoms of Human GCN5 histone acetyltransferase and SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 S84 viral proteins, with a final root mean square deviation of atomic positions (RMSD) of 0.975 Å for 51 atoms (Figure 1). Lower values of RMSD indicate that alignment is validated with higher accuracy. RMSD values of 1 Å or less indicate very good alignment. The two aligned molecules, Human GCN5 histone acetyltransferase and SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 S84 viral protein are shown in Figure 2. The 51-atom alignment is very good.</p><p>A closeup of aligned beta sheets of Orf8 and KAT2A (Figure 2B) indicates <i>TYR 613</i> of KAT2A is directly underneath <i>VAL 117</i> of Orf8. According to the UCSC Genome Browser, <i>TYR 613","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 3","pages":"263-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion: A narrative review","authors":"Ge Song,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.53","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) is defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a microscopic invasive focus ≤1 mm in the longest diameter. The current literature is controversial concerning the clinical prognostic features and management of DCIS-MI. This narrative review described recently reported literature regarding the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Searching PubMed for relevant articles covering the period of 1982 to 2021 using the following terms by MeSH and free-word: breast cancer, microinvasion, DCIS, DCIS-MI, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DCIS-MI tends to express more aggressive pathological features such as necrosis, HER2+, ER- or PR-, and high nuclear grade. The overall prognosis of DCIS-MI is typically good, however, some indicators such as young age, HR-, HER2+ and multimicroinvasive lesions, were associated with worse prognoses. And there are also conflicting results on the differences between the prognoses of DCIS-MI and DCIS or T1a-IDC. Postoperative chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy still have uncertain benefits and are more likely to be used to treat high-risk patients who are HR- orHER2+ to improve the prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DCIS-MI has more aggressive pathological features, which may suggest its biological behavior is worse than that of DCIS and similar to early IDC. Although the overall prognosis of DCIS-MI is good, when making decisions about adjuvant therapy clinicians need to give priority to the hormone receptor status, HER2 expression and axillary lymph node status of patients, because these may affect the prognosis and treatment response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/fd/CDT3-9-5.PMC10011663.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shingles vaccination reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Steven Lehrer,&nbsp;Peter H. Rheinstein","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.50","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most prevalent age-related movement condition, Parkinson's disease (PD), is characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, unbalanced gait, muscular rigidity, postural instability, as well as some nonmotor symptoms like autonomic and cognitive dysfunctions.</p><p>PD is caused by a loss of nerve cells in a part of the brain, the substantia nigra. These cells are responsible for producing dopamine, which acts as a messenger between the brain and nervous system that helps control and coordinate body movements. If the nerve cells in the substantia nigra die or become damaged, the amount of dopamine in the brain is reduced. Motor control is impaired, causing movements to become slow and abnormal. The loss of nerve cells is a slow process. The symptoms of PD usually only start to develop when around 80% of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra have been lost.<span>¹</span></p><p>Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites collect alpha-synuclein in PD. Select peripheral autonomic nervous system neurons and central nervous system neurons are affected. The incidence of PD rises with age, and the lifetime frequency is 1%–5%. Multiple twin studies support the idea that environmental factors play a larger role in disease pathogenesis than do genetic factors, even though evidence for a few rare genetic mutations in a small subset of young people with PD cases offers some insights into the pathogenesis.<span>²</span></p><p>Although the precise cause of PD is uncertain, mounting evidence points to viral infection as a potential factor. For instance, the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) may remain dormant in the ganglia and reawaken because of weakened immunity or aging. Herpes zoster (shingles) is a VZV infection that causes a painful skin rash and blisters on the dermatome infected. Herpes zoster may be related to PD, according to recent research.<span>^{3, 4}</span></p><p>Herpes zoster vaccination protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is related to herpes virus infection.<span>^5-9</span> In the current analysis we attempted to determine if herpes zoster vaccination might reduce the risk of PD.</p><p>Data on PD prevalence by US state is from Mantri et al.<span>¹⁰</span> They identified 27,538,023 Medicare beneficiaries that met inclusion criteria, of whom 392,214 had a PD diagnosis in 2014.</p><p>Data on Shingles vaccination among adults aged 60 and over in the US in 2018 is from Terlizzi and Black.<span>¹¹</span> The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2008 to 2018 were used for this investigation. The NHIS is a household survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population that is conducted nationally. It is continually carried out by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) during the entire year. Although follow-ups to completed interviews may be made over the phone, interviews are conducted in respondents’ homes.</p><p>Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/55/CDT3-9-54.PMC10011661.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of survival outcomes among esophageal cancer patients at a national referral hospital in Kenya","authors":"Amsalu Degu,&nbsp;Peter N. Karimi,&nbsp;Sylvia A. Opanga,&nbsp;David G. Nyamu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.52","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall 5-year survival rate for esophageal cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries was reported to be low, despite the availability of advanced treatments. Thus, this study aimed to assess determinants of survival outcomes among esophageal cancer patients in Kenya.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was employed among 299 adult esophageal cancer patients. The data were collected using a data abstraction tool consisting of patients’ clinical characteristics and survival outcome measuring parameters. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software (version 20.0, IBM. USA) was used to analyze the data. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the survival outcome and determinants of mortality, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mortality rate was 43.1%, and 11.1% of patients demonstrated distant metastases in the follow-up period. Despite treatment, 20.1% had progressed disease, and 13.0% did not respond to treatment. Radiotherapy (AHR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4−7.8, <i>p</i> = 0.007), chemotherapy (AHR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2−6.1, <i>p</i> = 0.020), and chemoradiation (AHR: 5.6, 95%CI: 1.6−10.2, <i>p</i> = 0.006) were the significant determinants of survival in advanced stage (III and and IV) patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a high mortality rate, disease progression, and nonresponse of esophageal cancer patients. Hence, it is essential to improve the survival of patients through early detection and timely initiation of the available treatment options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/d6/CDT3-9-20.PMC10011667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung adenocarcinoma associated with cystic airspaces","authors":"Xue Yang,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Fanlu Meng,&nbsp;Wenjing Song,&nbsp;Dong Li,&nbsp;Diansheng Zhong","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.51","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To the Editor,</p><p>Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces is a group of uncommon lung malignant lesions that are easy to misdiagnose even though the use of computed tomography (CT) has been more common for lung cancer screening in the clinic. The incidence of this lesion has been reported at 0.5%–3.7% in different studies.<span>^1-3</span> Up to 80% of patients was of pulmonary adenocarcinomas and most patients had a history of smoking.<span>²</span></p><p>Here, we reported a case of lung adenocarcinoma associated with cystic airspace developed at least 7 years progression from one purely thin-walled lung cavity closing to the pleura on CT images in a 53-year-old man without a smoking history. Histopathology revealed the thickened wall of the cystic airspace was lung adenocarcinoma with extensive papillary and micropapillary patterns and psammoma bodies.</p><p>A 53-year-old asymptomatic male without a smoking history has had a physical examination every 1–2 years since 2013. The patient has no history of asbestos and dust exposure. In December 2013, a local thin-wall air cavity in the right lower lobe close to the pleura (Figure 1A) and nodular thickening of the bilateral pleura with partial calcification (data not shown) were found for the first time on his CT scan. Five months later, this patient underwent a chest CT examination again and there was no obvious change compared to the CT scan in 2013 (Figure 1B). After that, he did a chest CT examination every 1–2 years. No obvious radiological change was found (Figure 1C,D). However, in Oct 2018, a nonsolid nodule was found extruding from the local wall of the cystic airspace (Figure 1E), but these changes did not attract the attention of radiologists and physicians. Two years later, this nodule increased in size, and the wall of the cystic airspace thickened, which was considered the manifestation of lung cancer (Figure 1F). From 2013 to 2020, this patient had no discomfort.</p><p>In December 2020, he was administrated to our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. A physical examination of this case showed no obvious abnormality. Axial CT images in a lung window setting showed a thicken-walled cystic space with exophytic solid nodules along the cyst wall (Figure 1G). A soft tissue nodule was seen in the mediastinal window (Figure 1H). An irregular thick-walled cavity with local solid nodule formation after three-dimensional reconstruction can be easily detected (Figure 1I). Bilateral pleurae showed irregular thickening and multiple small nodules and calcifications (Figure 1J).</p><p>After exclusion of extrathoracic malignancies by examination of brain CT scan and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) whole bone scan, resection of the cyst with nodules was performed and the malignant tumor was reported via intraoperative frozen tissue pathology. So, a right lower lobectomy with lymph node dissection was subsequently performed. Postoperative path","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countrywide “best buy” interventions for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control in countries with different level of socioeconomic development","authors":"Nikolai Khaltaev,&nbsp;Svetlana Axelrod","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.49","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.49","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on populations globally and in particular, on lower-income countries (LIC). WHO identified a package of 16 “best buy” lifestyle and management interventions that are cost-effective and applicable in all settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare NCD risk factors in all WHO countries and make preliminary assessment of “best buy” interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk factors estimation was made in 188 countries. NCD attributable “best buys” concern tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. Management issues are based on the availability of the national NCD guidelines and provision of drug therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Every fourth adult in high-income countries (HIC) has raised blood pressure (RBP). Prevalence of RBP in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) and LIC is 22%–23% (HIC/LMIC: <i>t</i> = <i>3.12</i>, <i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.01</i>). Prevalence of diabetes in LIC is less than half of that in HIC and upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) UMIC/LIC: <i>t = 8.37</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.001</i>. Obesity prevalence is gradually decreasing from HIC to LIC (HIC/LIC: <i>t = 11.48</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.001</i>). Highest level of physical inactivity is seen in HIC, which then gradually declines to LIC (17%). Tobacco prevalence in LIC is almost less than half of that in HIC and UMIC (HIC/LIC: <i>t = 7.2</i>, <i>p &lt; 0.0001</i>). There is a gradual decline in the implementation of “best buys” from HIC to LIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wealthier countries have better implementation of the WHO NCD prevention strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/73/CDT3-9-44.PMC10011669.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of malnutrition using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool and hand muscle strength in subjects with pancreatitis","authors":"Akshatha Nagaraj Thantry,&nbsp;Asna Urooj,&nbsp;Dinesh Halumathigatta Nagappa","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.48","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.48","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pancreatitis patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The degree of malnutrition is dependent on the duration, viz. acute or chronic. Studies on nutritional status in patients with pancreatitis are limited. Prevalence of nutritional status, physical functioning, and muscle strength among the subjects are scarce globally. The main aim of this study was to screen the status of malnutrition using appropriate screening tools and to assess hand muscle strength among subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 subjects (18–80 years old, 59 males and 5 females) in Mysore city, Karnataka. The patients were screened for malnutrition using a standard tool Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and handgrip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of patients (<i>n</i> = 44) were categorized as moderately malnourished/suspected malnutrition (Stage B) according to PG-SGA. A significant difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005) in handgrip strength was seen in men aged 31–40 (<i>t</i> = −3.287) and 41–50 (<i>t</i> = −5.487) years compared to healthy adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was able to identify patients at risk of malnutrition when the PG-SGA tool was used along with handgrip strength and other anthropometric parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/34/CDT3-8-314.PMC9676117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of biopsy-proven glomerular diseases in Chinese children: A scoping review","authors":"Yetong Li,&nbsp;Yue Yang,&nbsp;Li Zhuo,&nbsp;Dan Wu,&nbsp;Wenge Li,&nbsp;Xiaorong Liu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.46","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.46","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001–2010) and 3 (2011–2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/7c/CDT3-8-271.PMC9676133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}