Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Integrated statistical and machine learning analysis provides insight into key influencing symptoms for distinguishing early-onset type 2 diabetes","authors":"David A. Wood","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.39","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.39","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Being able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi-<i>K</i>-fold cross-validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes-positive and -negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early-onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed methodology can rapidly predict early-onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/62/CDT3-8-281.PMC9676132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology and therapeutic advances in myeloma bone disease","authors":"Fujing Zhang,&nbsp;Junling Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.35","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone disease is the most common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and it may lead to skeletal-related events (SREs) such as bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, which impair a patients' quality of life and survival. The pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease (MBD) involves disruption of bone reconstitution balance including excessive activation of osteoclasts, inhibition of osteoblasts, and participation of osteocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. Various factors, such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin, and activin-A, are involved in the development of MBD. Bisphosphonates and the anti-RANKL antibody denosumab are currently the main treatment options for MBD, delaying the onset of SREs. Denosumab is preferred in patients with MM and renal dysfunction. Although effective drugs have been approved, antimyeloma therapy is the most important method for controlling bone disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/62/CDT3-8-264.PMC9676126.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer","authors":"Mingguang Ju,&nbsp;Ziming Gao,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Zhenning Wang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.36","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gastrointestinal cancers are difficult to be cured with a high recurrence rate accounting for more than 50% of global cancer-related morbidity and mortality.<span>¹</span> Many patients with gastrointestinal cancer are diagnosed at a late stage. Over the past few decades, basic and clinical research with new technologies have made significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, which significantly improved the quality of life and prolonged the survival of patients. Here, we briefly highlight several advances in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal tumors, mainly gastric cancer and colorectal cancer from multiple perspectives.</p><p>Early diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. With the continuous advances in molecular biology, genomics, and epigenetics, individualized diagnosis of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer holds promise for basic research and clinical applications. Liquid biopsy, including detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor-related extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microvesicles), tumor-educated platelets, proteins as well as metabolites in a range of bodily fluids offers a cost-efficient and noninvasive approach to screening tumor and monitor relapse and response to treatment.<span>²</span> CTCs are tumor cells in peripheral blood, falling off from the solid tumor focus (primary focus or metastatic focus) due to spontaneous or diagnostic and treatment procedures.<span>³</span> Most of the CTCs undergo apoptosis or phagocytosis and are engulfed by immune cells after entering the peripheral blood; only a few can escape and invade a distant organ to form metastatic foci, increasing the risk of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.<span>³</span> Recent studies have shown that CTCs are heterogenic and can proliferate <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. These, together with the findings from the single-cell molecular analysis, have provided unique insights into the biology of cancer metastasis and therapeutic response.</p><p>ctDNA may reflect tumor-specific abnormalities, and analysis of ctDNA can be applied in the diagnosis, therapeutic response, and prognosis of cancer patients. The mutations in specific genes have been detected in the plasma of patients with several types of gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting that ctDNA may be a possible biomarker of gastrointestinal cancers. The minimal residual disease (MRD) is a microscopic focus of treatment-insensitive tumor cells or the early recurrence of tumors.<span>⁴</span> Hence, precise evaluation of MRD is especially significant during or after the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.<span>⁵</span> The detection of ctDNA and CTCs can help identify and explain the nature of MRD and may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis.<span>^{3, 5}</span> Neverthel","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/ca/CDT3-9-1.PMC10011665.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countrywide cardiovascular disease prevention and control in 49 countries with different socio-economic status","authors":"Nikolai Khaltaev,&nbsp;Svetlana Axelrod","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.34","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.34","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major noncommunicable disease (NCD) accounting for 17.9 million deaths. If current trends continue, the annual number of deaths from CVD will rise to 22.2 million by 2030. The United Nations General Assembly adopted a sustainable development goal (SDG) by 2030 to reduce NCD mortality by one-third. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CVD mortality trends in different countries implementing World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Action Plan and emphasize effective ways to achieve SDG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WHO statistics, based on the Member-States unified mortality and causes-of-death reports were used for analyzing trends and different interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reduction of CVD mortality from 2000 to 2016 in 49 countries was achieved for stroke at 43% and ischemic heart disease at 30%. Smoking prevalence and raised blood pressure (RBP) decreased in 84% and 55% of the countries. Eighty-nine percent of high-income countries (HIC) demonstrated a decline in tobacco smoking against 67% in middle-income countries (MIC). Sixty-nine percent of HIC demonstrated a decline in RBP against 15% in MIC. CVD management, tobacco, and unhealthy diet reduction measures are significantly better in HIC. The air pollution level was higher in MIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Building partnerships between countries could enhance their efforts for CVD prevention and successful achievement of SDG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"296-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/60/CDT3-8-296.PMC9676122.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of cannabis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19 infection","authors":"Steven Lehrer,&nbsp;Peter H. Rheinstein","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.38","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a 2012 study, occasional and low cumulative cannabis use was not associated with adverse effects on pulmonary function.<span>¹</span> With tobacco, the more used, the more loss of air flow rate and lung volume. The same was not true with cannabis use. Air flow rate increased rather than decreased with increased exposure to cannabis up to a certain level.</p><p>An important factor that helped explain the difference in effects from tobacco and cannabis was the amount of each that was smoked. Tobacco users typically smoked 10–20 cigarettes daily, some even more. Cannabis smokers, on average, smoked only two to three times a month, so the average exposure to cannabis was much lower than for tobacco. People experiment with cannabis in their late teens and 20s, and some consume relatively low levels for years. Although heavy exposure to cannabis might damage the lungs, reliable estimates of the effects of heavy use were not available in the 2012 study, as heavy users were relatively rare in the study population.</p><p>In the current analysis, we used data from UK Biobank (UKB) to assess the effect of cannabis on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and to determine whether cannabis lung damage might facilitate COVID-19 infection in formerly heavy users.</p><p>The UKB is a large prospective observational study comprising about 500,000 men and women (<i>N</i> = 229,134 men, <i>N</i> = 273,402 women), more than 90% White, aged 40–69 years at enrollment. Participants were recruited from across 22 centers located throughout England, Wales, and Scotland, between 2006 and 2010, and continue to be longitudinally followed for capture of subsequent health events.<span>²</span> This methodology is like that of the Framingham Heart Study,<span>³</span> with the exception that the UKB program collects postmortem samples, which Framingham did not.</p><p>Our UKB application was approved as UKB project 57,245 (S.L. and P.H.R.).</p><p>Doctor-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is from UKB data field 22,130. At enrollment, the subject was asked on a touchscreen, “Has a doctor ever told you that you have had any of the conditions below?” COPD was one of the options listed.</p><p>The subject was asked, “Have you taken cannabis (marijuana, grass, hash, ganja, blow, draw, skunk, weed, spliff, dope), even if it was a long time ago?” If the answer was “yes,” cannabis use was recorded in the UKB data field 20,454, maximum frequency of taking cannabis, question asked: “Considering when you were taking cannabis most regularly, how often did you take it?” Answers were 1 = <i>Less than once a month</i>, 2 = <i>Once a month or more, but not every week</i>, 3 = <i>Once a week or more, but not every day</i>, and 4 = <i>Every day</i>. Subject was then asked (UKB data field 20455) “About how old were you when you last had cannabis?”</p><p>All UKB subjects who had cannabis-use data, COVID-19 test data, and COPD data were incl","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"238-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/d2/CDT3-8-238.PMC9349800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on early-stage lung cancer identification and challenges to thoracic surgery","authors":"Xiao Li,&nbsp;Kezhong Chen,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.28","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40462125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive deficiency, parental relationship, and coping strategies are related with anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy","authors":"Zhengjia Ren,&nbsp;Chunsong Yang,&nbsp;Dan Yu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.25","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.25","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnosis of epilepsy in a child often and understandably causes psychological adjustment difficulties in the parents. To help parents of children with epilepsy cope with stress, it is important to understand how parents cope with the sickness of their child. The objective of this study was to assess factors related to the state of anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study was a cross-sectional study, and the data were collected through an anonymous, Internet-based survey platform between October 2018 and October 2019 from 250 participants aged 22–65 years. Participants were invited to fill questionnaires include socioeconomic questionnaire, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the parents of children with epilepsy, 48.8% (122/250) had depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score &gt;4) and 46.4% (116/250) had anxiety symptoms (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7] score &gt;5). Depression among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.392, 95% CI = 0.182–0.846), a poor parental relationship (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.130–0.614), positive coping (OR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.903–0.992), and negative coping (OR = 1.287, 95% CI = 1.179–1.405). Anxiety among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with a poor parental relationship (OR = 0.416, 95% CI = 0.207–0.835) and negative coping (OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.087–1.228).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study indicates the importance of couple support and providing effective coping to make parents of children with epilepsy more resilient in the presence of negative life events, especially for parents of children with comorbidity with cognitive deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/0c/CDT3-8-229.PMC9481879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the genetic central dogma in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by osteoinductive medium from transcriptional data sets","authors":"Tong-Meng Jiang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.26","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.26","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genetic central dogma (GCD) has been demonstrated its essential function in many biological processes and diseases. However, its roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this project, we analyzed an online database of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs after 14 days and 28 days by osteoinductive medium (GSE83770). The differentially expressed genes were screened by GEO2R, with further conducting of KEGG pathways using DAVID. In addition, protein–protein interactions of the enriched pathways were performed using STRING with marked hub genes measured by the CytoHubba. Hub genes were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that six pathways related to GCD, including DNA replication, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Mismatch repair, Ribosome, Spliceosome, and RNA degradation pathways enriched in the early stage (14 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis. The Lysosome pathway was highly enriched in the late stage (28 vs. 14 days) of osteogenesis, and Ribosome pathway plays a key role throughout the entire process (28 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both DNA replication and protein translation were functionally worked in the early stage of osteogenesis, whereas the Lysosome pathway was the only GCD-related one in the late stage of osteogenesis. The GCD-related Ribosome pathway occupied the entire process of osteogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"218-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/b3/CDT3-8-218.PMC9481875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grayscale image statistics of COVID-19 patient CT scans characterize lung condition with machine and deep learning","authors":"Sara Ghashghaei,&nbsp;David A. Wood,&nbsp;Erfan Sadatshojaei,&nbsp;Mansooreh Jalilpoor","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.27","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.27","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grayscale image attributes of computed tomography (CT) of pulmonary scans contain valuable information relating to patients with respiratory ailments. These attributes are used to evaluate the severity of lung conditions of patients confirmed to be with and without COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five hundred thirteen CT images relating to 57 patients (49 with COVID-19; 8 free of COVID-19) were collected at Namazi Medical Centre (Shiraz, Iran) in 2020 and 2021. Five visual scores (VS: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) are clinically assigned to these images with the score increasing with the severity of COVID-19-related lung conditions. Eleven deep learning and machine learning techniques (DL/ML) are used to distinguish the VS class based on 12 grayscale image attributes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The convolutional neural network achieves 96.49% VS accuracy (18 errors from 513 images) successfully distinguishing VS Classes 0 and 1, outperforming clinicians’ visual inspections. An algorithmic score (AS), involving just five grayscale image attributes, is developed independently of clinicians’ assessments (99.81% AS accuracy; 1 error from 513 images).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grayscale CT image attributes can be successfully used to distinguish the severity of COVID-19 lung damage. The AS technique developed provides a suitable basis for an automated system using ML/DL methods and 12 image attributes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"191-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/a5/CDT3-8-191.PMC9347876.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in breast cancer screening modalities and status of global screening programs","authors":"Chenyu Luo,&nbsp;Le Wang,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhang,&nbsp;Ming Lu,&nbsp;Bin Lu,&nbsp;Jie Cai,&nbsp;Hongda Chen,&nbsp;Min Dai","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.21","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and a continued upward trend has been predicted in the coming decades. Screening in selected targeted populations, which is effective in reducing cancer-related mortality, has been widely implemented in many countries. This review summarizes the advances in BC screening techniques, organized or opportunistic BC screening programs across different countries, and screening modalities recommended by different academic authorities. Mammography is the most widely used and effective technique for BC screening. Other complementary techniques include ultrasound, clinical breast examination, and magnetic resonance imaging. Novel screening tests, including digital breast tomosynthesis and liquid biopsies, are still under development. Globally, the implementation status of BC screening programs is uneven, which is reflected by differences in screening modes, techniques, and population coverage. The recommended optimal screening strategies varied according to the authoritative guidelines. The effectiveness of current screening programs is influenced by several factors, including low detection rate, high false-positive rate, and unsatisfactory coverage and uptake rates. Exploration of accurate BC risk prediction models and the development of risk-stratified screening strategies are highly warranted in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/4e/CDT3-8-112.PMC9215717.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40462214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}