Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"New insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Shangyi Jin,&nbsp;Jiuliang Zhao,&nbsp;Mengtao Li,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zeng","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.43","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past few decades, understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved substantially. Insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in RA have enabled the discovery of new therapeutic targets and led to the development of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In parallel with the improvement in therapies, the evolution of strategies in the management of RA has also contributed considerably to better outcomes in patients. Major changes include the development of disease activity measures, formulation of the treat-to-target principles as well as increased attention to comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases may increase the mortality of RA patients, affect their treatment strategies and result in worse outcomes. Therefore, prevention and management of certain high-risk comorbidities have become increasingly important in the long-term treatment of RA. In this study, we summarized new insights into the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities, with a special focus on the 2021 update of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for RA and key reports presented at the 2021 ACR convergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9676127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10328000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory questionnaire-based analysis of awareness of COPD in a large multicenter rural population-based study in India","authors":"Shital Patil,&nbsp;Rajesh Patil,&nbsp;Mukund Bhise,&nbsp;Anil Jadhav","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.47","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.47","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a more prevalent chronic lung disease with a significant health burden, and the majority of these cases receive inadequate treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. A total of 6000 COPD cases were enrolled after the spirometry test. COPD cases were assessed as disease knowledge and methods of treatment offered by applying questionnaires to patients and treating physicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, 3% of study cases were aware of their COPD illness, 54% were not having knowledge about the disease, and 43% cases were not accepting the COPD diagnosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). A total of 58% of cases received inhalation treatment as levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Total 42% cases received oral treatment as theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“Doctor–patient–drug trio” discordance clubbed as “difficult doctor, difficult patient, and difficult treatment” is a very crucial issue observed during diagnosis and management of COPD in peripheral settings in India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"322-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/3c/CDT3-8-322.PMC9676131.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in body composition in relation to estimated glomerular filtration rate and physical activity in predialysis chronic kidney disease","authors":"Prathiksha R. Bhat,&nbsp;Asna Urooj,&nbsp;Srinivas Nalloor","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.45","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.45","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient-related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight (<i>p</i> = 0.02), body fat mass (<i>p</i> = 0.05), visceral fat area (<i>p</i> = 0.05), and phase angle (<i>p</i> = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/ab/CDT3-8-305.PMC9676115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the era of long COVID, can we seek new techniques for better rehabilitation?","authors":"Jiaze He,&nbsp;Ting Yang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.42","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a pandemic, medical staff and researchers have devotedly managed the disease in terms of pathogens, prevention, and treatment. Even so, the virus continues to wreak havoc in people's lives. Recent evidence shows that patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 show distinct symptoms ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection to fatal disease. Moreover, this virus not only provokes an acute inflammatory response but could also cause a range of persistent symptoms after the phase of acute infection. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence defines this phenomenon as long COVID.<span>¹</span> Currently, there is no definite definition of long COVID. However, the basic argument, that patients who have recovered from acute infection present with persistent symptoms that cannot be explained by another diagnosis beyond 3–4 weeks postinfection, remains the same. Academic publications have estimated that 10%–20% of patients with COVID-19 have some complaints after COVID-19.<span>²</span></p><p>Most patients with COVID-19 present with respiratory dysfunction, fatigue, and psychological disorders during and after acute infection, and their lives are greatly affected. Under this circumstance, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has become a powerful weapon to deal with those symptoms in the context of quantities of evidence of its efficiency.<span>³</span> However, restricting quarantine to minimize viral spread may limit the utility of conventional PR programs. Thus, new techniques and innovative programs or approaches must be discussed and estimated. In this case, we could obtain a more comprehensive and critical perspective on the frontiers of medicine.</p><p>The pandemic necessitated a transformation of traditional PR. More physiotherapists have begun to move their attention from face-to-face to remote rehabilitation and evaluate its accessibility and safety. Remote rehabilitation, also named telerehabilitation, involves various techniques and could eliminate the limitations of distance. The techniques range from cell phone messages to videoconferencing and Internet platforms. It may not only provide more access to PR but also help maintain the original outcomes of traditional PR.</p><p>Accordingly, it facilitates many new techniques to conduct home-based assessments to guarantee the safety of PR and improve the prescription of PR programs. During the pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used to support diagnosis, treatment and vaccine discovery, epidemiological modeling, patient outcome–related tasks, and infodemiology.<span>^{4, 5}</span> Currently, an increasing number of AI or robotic technologies are used to provide training to students and healthcare professionals, find appropriate remote rehabilitation approaches, and implement a standard PR program.</p><p>Initially, the environment and asses","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/d2/CDT3-8-149.PMC9481878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global online study of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Peter K. Panegyres,&nbsp;Jodi Russell,&nbsp;Huei-Yang Chen,&nbsp;Mariella Panegyres","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.44","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.44","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to understand the uptake of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in neuroimmunological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An independent University affiliated research organization conducted a global online survey of people having had HSCT, examining demographics, treatment protocol, and effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 271 participants, useful data were available in 223; women aged 35–54 accounted for 73.5%. Most had a household income greater than US$50,000, and the majority of participants were from Australia and the United States. Nearly 94.6% of people suffer from MS. Most had their treatment in Russia (38.7%) and 78.1% had nonmyeloablative transplants. Nearly half of the participants spent between US$50,000 to US$74,999. There were 54.5% of neurologists who did not support their patients having HSCT. Around 85.5% of participants believed HSCT helped them manage their disease from weeks to years after transplantation, and treatment was recommended by 9.5% of participants. The average reduction in Expanded Disability Status Score after transplantation was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.97–1.41; <i>N</i> = 197; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01; <i>t</i>: 10.7, <i>df</i>: 196).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were supportive of HSCT despite the costs and would recommend it to others. The data suggest some benefit in minimizing disability in MS and provides justification for large randomized controlled trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/28/CDT3-9-39.PMC10011666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered asymmetries of resting-state MRI in the left thalamus of first-episode schizophrenia","authors":"Sha Liu,&nbsp;Zhenglong Guo,&nbsp;Hongbao Cao,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Xiaodong Hu,&nbsp;Long Cheng,&nbsp;Jianying Li,&nbsp;Ruize Liu,&nbsp;Yong Xu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.41","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.41","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure. Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics. We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ. Also, we applied Pearson's correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with healthy controls, SCZ showed increased gray matter volume (GMV) of the left thalamus (<i>t</i> = 2.214, <i>p</i> = 0.029), which positively correlated with general psychosis (<i>r</i> = 0.423, <i>p</i> = 0.010). SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, fALFF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the caudate nucleus, and decreased fALFF in the precuneus. The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ. PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula (<i>r</i> = −0.414, <i>p</i> = 0.025).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/01/CDT3-8-207.PMC9481880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing natural killer cells to develop next-generation cellular immunotherapy","authors":"Siyao Liu,&nbsp;Kaycee Nguyen,&nbsp;Dongyong Park,&nbsp;Nelson Wong,&nbsp;Anson Wang,&nbsp;Yubin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.40","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellular immunotherapy harnesses the body's own immune system to fight cancer by using engineered T cells, macrophages, or natural killer (NK) cells. Compared to chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells that are commonly used to treat hematological malignancies, CAR-NK cells have shown remarkable therapeutic effectiveness while exhibiting enhanced safety, reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease, fewer side effects, and amplified antitumor efficacy. Preclinical trials have unveiled the high potential of adoptive CAR-NK cell therapy to curtail or even eliminate both hematological malignancies and solid tumors in animal models. We brought forth herein the design principle of CAR-NK cells, highlighted the latest progress in the preclinical testing and clinical trials of CAR-NK cells, briefly delved into discussed major roadblocks in CAR-NK therapy, and discussed potential solutions to surmount these challenges. Given the accelerated progress in both basic and translational studies on immune cell engineering, CAR-NK cell therapy promises to become a serious contender and important addition to the next-generation cell-based immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/e8/CDT3-8-245.PMC9676120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated statistical and machine learning analysis provides insight into key influencing symptoms for distinguishing early-onset type 2 diabetes","authors":"David A. Wood","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.39","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.39","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Being able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi-<i>K</i>-fold cross-validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes-positive and -negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early-onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed methodology can rapidly predict early-onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/62/CDT3-8-281.PMC9676132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology and therapeutic advances in myeloma bone disease","authors":"Fujing Zhang,&nbsp;Junling Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.35","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone disease is the most common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and it may lead to skeletal-related events (SREs) such as bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, which impair a patients' quality of life and survival. The pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease (MBD) involves disruption of bone reconstitution balance including excessive activation of osteoclasts, inhibition of osteoblasts, and participation of osteocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. Various factors, such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin, and activin-A, are involved in the development of MBD. Bisphosphonates and the anti-RANKL antibody denosumab are currently the main treatment options for MBD, delaying the onset of SREs. Denosumab is preferred in patients with MM and renal dysfunction. Although effective drugs have been approved, antimyeloma therapy is the most important method for controlling bone disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/62/CDT3-8-264.PMC9676126.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer","authors":"Mingguang Ju,&nbsp;Ziming Gao,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Zhenning Wang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.36","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gastrointestinal cancers are difficult to be cured with a high recurrence rate accounting for more than 50% of global cancer-related morbidity and mortality.<span>¹</span> Many patients with gastrointestinal cancer are diagnosed at a late stage. Over the past few decades, basic and clinical research with new technologies have made significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, which significantly improved the quality of life and prolonged the survival of patients. Here, we briefly highlight several advances in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal tumors, mainly gastric cancer and colorectal cancer from multiple perspectives.</p><p>Early diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. With the continuous advances in molecular biology, genomics, and epigenetics, individualized diagnosis of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer holds promise for basic research and clinical applications. Liquid biopsy, including detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor-related extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microvesicles), tumor-educated platelets, proteins as well as metabolites in a range of bodily fluids offers a cost-efficient and noninvasive approach to screening tumor and monitor relapse and response to treatment.<span>²</span> CTCs are tumor cells in peripheral blood, falling off from the solid tumor focus (primary focus or metastatic focus) due to spontaneous or diagnostic and treatment procedures.<span>³</span> Most of the CTCs undergo apoptosis or phagocytosis and are engulfed by immune cells after entering the peripheral blood; only a few can escape and invade a distant organ to form metastatic foci, increasing the risk of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.<span>³</span> Recent studies have shown that CTCs are heterogenic and can proliferate <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. These, together with the findings from the single-cell molecular analysis, have provided unique insights into the biology of cancer metastasis and therapeutic response.</p><p>ctDNA may reflect tumor-specific abnormalities, and analysis of ctDNA can be applied in the diagnosis, therapeutic response, and prognosis of cancer patients. The mutations in specific genes have been detected in the plasma of patients with several types of gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting that ctDNA may be a possible biomarker of gastrointestinal cancers. The minimal residual disease (MRD) is a microscopic focus of treatment-insensitive tumor cells or the early recurrence of tumors.<span>⁴</span> Hence, precise evaluation of MRD is especially significant during or after the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.<span>⁵</span> The detection of ctDNA and CTCs can help identify and explain the nature of MRD and may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis.<span>^{3, 5}</span> Neverthel","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/ca/CDT3-9-1.PMC10011665.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9484700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}