Current problems of architecture and urban planning最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the features of the harmonization of volume and spatial architecture of modern public and residential buildings in the historical building of cities","authors":"D. Popovych","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.214-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.214-226","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific article examines the harmonization of modern residential and public buildings in a historical environment. The article defines public buildings and their classification by level of service, and how it affects harmonization in a historical context. Service classification is divided into daily, periodic and episodic levels. Problems related to the design of public and residential buildings in historical areas of cities, where it is important to find a harmonious balance between the preservation of the historical context and the inclusion of modern design, are analyzed and discussed. The importance of respecting the modern architectural style and scale of the surrounding development is emphasized, especially when it comes to public buildings of episodic service. The important features of contrasting harmonization of this level of public buildings are determined, and how they should differ from ordinary buildings. Seven basic harmonizing principles are outlined that are used to design public and residential buildings that complement their historic surroundings, including preservation of the facade fabric, repetition of dominant elements, and the method of silhouette repetition. Finally, the text gives an example of how the destructive method was used in the design of the Kunsthaus in the Austrian city of Graz. An example is also given of how London business centers are combined with historical buildings thanks to the principle of background building. After the analysis of examples of public buildings, examples of the architectural formation of modern housing in a historical environment are given. In general, the text contains an analysis of the principles of harmonization of modern buildings in the historical environment, and how this harmonization differs between residential and public buildings.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"26 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132655350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current tendencies of architectural and environmental organization of underground scientific and research complexes","authors":"Valeriia Salo","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.227-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.227-236","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of the world experience in the design of underground laboratories. Underground research complexes must provide the necessary conditions for conducting experimental research in the scientific fields in which they specialize. An underground scientific research institution should also ensure a comfortable and safe stay of scientific and technical personnel on its territory and satisfy all their social, physiological, psychological and professional needs. Urban planning, volume-spatial and functional-planning organization are regulated by the technical requirements for conducting experiments and research in specific scientific fields: astrophysics, physics of elementary particles and others. The article examines the scientific works of world scientists and architects. The problem of the development of underground space and its urban planning organization was studied in their scientific works by G. I. Hayko, H. Admiral, A. Cornaro, A. Wright, R. Sterling. Strategies and tools for the organization of underground space, as well as the main planning systems of underground urban planning objects, are highlighted in the works of L. Von der Tann. The issue of optimization of the underground space is raised in the works of Paul H. Gilbert, P. Stones. Recommendations on the urban planning and architectural planning organization of underground spaces are found in Joanna Kozytska's doctoral dissertation. The global experience of designing underground spaces is highlighted in the works of T. Jung Heng, N. A. Bakhtadze, V. Biletskyi, N. D. Pankratova. The architectural and environmental organization of the space of underground research complexes is considered in the articles of A. Bettini, Aldo Ianni, E. Kochia. Modern trends in the development of underground buildings and structures are considered in the scientific works of G. I. Hayko and Pankratova N. D. The article presents common architectural features of the organization of complexes. The urban planning, volume-spatial, functional-planning organization of the underground environment of scientific and research complexes is analyzed. Modern trends in the design of underground scientific and research complexes are determined. Characteristic features of the urban planning, volumetric-spatial, functional-planning structure of underground scientific and research complexes are given.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132173724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of cultural landscape","authors":"L. Martyshova","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.126-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.126-134","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights that the modern idea of the cultural landscape is ambiguous. Today, there are three fundamentally different interpretations of the term \"cultural landscape\", based on different dominant factors: natural, cultural or information environment. Thus, some researchers adhere to the traditional approach and define a cultural landscape as an anthropogenic landscape, i.e. a natural landscape of a place, changed by a person according to a certain programme, which has high aesthetic and functional qualities. The other approach is based on the understanding of a cultural landscape as a certain area that has been a place of residence for a certain group of people who are carriers of specific cultural values for a long historical period. Most often, these groups are ethnic or religious communities. There is also an understanding of this term as an informational one, based on the idea of the active role of intellectual and spiritual activity in shaping the cultural landscape; it is important to emphasize that cultural, spiritual and intellectual values that are preserved and transmitted from one generation of people to another in the form of information not only determine the formation and development of the cultural landscape, but are also part of it, being influenced by other, material components of the landscape. The complexity and ambiguity of the modern world determines a certain attitude towards the environment, requiring a new understanding and comprehension of it. Architecture and urban planning is a field that covers all manifestations of human activity, where the most important thing is that it is a space for modeling the artificial environment, which is an integral part of the holistic world. The environment is a holistic, organized space that constantly surrounds a person, with the help of architecture actively and constantly influencing the unified process of forming this twofold structure (the architectural environment models the natural one, combining into a single whole). By creating an artificial environment for human life, architecture has a multifaceted impact on people, with the strongest influence being through visual perception, as human activity is always associated with different forms of perception of the environment. A work of architecture is an idea (something fictional, imaginary) that is \"dressed\" in a material form in the real space of the city and reproduces the world and its structure, a mechanism for translating myths and fictions caused by modern conditions into the physical dimension, where fictions become reality through the play of forms, images and meanings.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The main principles of designing public spaces in Germany on the example of the city of Hannover","authors":"M. Melnyk","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.168-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.168-178","url":null,"abstract":"In Germany, public space and its use are thought to be full of conflicts: festivalization vs. everyday quality, advertising vs. urban design, commerce vs. culture, drivers vs. strollers, demonstrators vs. tourists, private use vs. general accessibility, spontaneous, temporary appropriation vs. permanent order, and design \u0000The often conflicting expectations – also of women and men or old and young people – about public space are an expression of the increasingly heterogeneous nature of urban society. In terms of design, the pendulum swings between nostalgic kitsch, cool modern design and aesthetic neglect. \u0000In recent years, the pressure and overload of private and public advertising, road and information signs, retail and restaurant furniture and telecommunications equipment have increased. The generally accepted indicator, the agreement about what quality of form is in public space, seems to be largely lost. \u0000Too often only the city center is seen as a public space in need of planning and political attention. Main roads or district and district centers are lost from sight, let alone commercial areas. Demographic changes, a smaller, older and brighter urban population make new demands on public space, as a place where different cultures and increasingly differentiated lifestyles meet, as a place for the integration of urban society. \u0000So there is a need for action. It is not about uniform rules for the use and design of public spaces, nor about the illusion of ideal and consistent planning. Rather, it is about criteria of social and aesthetic quality, about what is appropriate in each city and each district, which should be developed and discussed in dialogue with residents, users and the public.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126873970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black color in architecture - traditions, modernity and perspectives","authors":"V. Toporkov","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.93-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.93-106","url":null,"abstract":"The color of the facades of urban buildings directly shapes the aesthetic qualities of the architectural environment. The trend of increasing the number of houses with black facades in the future may lead to the transformation of cities with their characteristic color into huge black burial complexes. Therefore, the concept of \"black color\" in architecture is quite blurred, not clear. However, you can still try to select buildings whose facades are so dark that they can be considered black, but with different shades. In the future, we will conventionally combine such buildings into a group of buildings with black facades. However, black facades have their own specifics, the failure of which significantly reduces the aesthetic qualities of the building. In Figure 13, you can see how much the black color suppresses the plasticity of the facade and the chiaroscuro formed under the influence of sunlight. Even the huge cantilever overhangs of the upper floors cannot create the effect of depth on the architectural form. Bright sunlight cannot destroy the deafness and darkness that blackness creates. The black facades of skyscrapers definitely make a strong impression with their size, even though the facade plastic on them is barely visible. Perhaps for this reason, large black buildings often have a simple geometry, where the shape of the general outline, the outline of the house visually works more effectively than the division within the shape itself. Black color reflects light so poorly that even simple geometric shapes of skyscrapers look flat, not three-dimensional. In such conditions, it becomes urgent to search for options for dividing the facades, which would reveal and emphasize the three-dimensionality of the object (Fig. 16). \u0000The aesthetics of black facades has its positive and negative sides. Black buildings bring an element of contrast and a certain drama to the multi-colored buildings of large cities, and therefore their construction will continue. However, the strong leveling, and sometimes complete, of the plastic characteristics of the building with the black color of the facade leads to the architecture losing its fundamental properties - three-dimensionality and spaciousness. The organization of the form, architectural details, proportions, all this becomes unnecessary, superfluous - because it will not be visible anyway. Added to this is the psychological impact of black color on a person, especially on a large scale, when black color becomes a dominant factor in the formation of color characteristics of the urban environment. In the current conditions, architects should carefully and sensibly use black color in buildings.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115698306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finished and unfinished rhythm in architectural composition","authors":"Iya Kedrovska","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.82-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.82-92","url":null,"abstract":"The rhythm was at all times and in all forms of art. Already in the countries of the Ancient East the composition was ordered, distinguished by strictness, the presence of rhythm. In ancient Egyptian and Greek art rhythm was also the main form of composition. \u0000In the Renaissance rhythm was considered one of the three main tasks of composition. Knowledge about rhythm as an integral compositional means is constantly expanding, especially after the first theoretical works on architectural composition. Rhythm is an even alternation of ordered elements and is considered one of the most influential means of creating a coherent architectural composition. \u0000Rhythmic (metrical) order as a regularity can develop endlessly, but in an artistic composition, where integrity and unity of form are an integral attribute, repetition must have certain limits, a series must have a limited length and have a beginning and an end. In this connection a number of creative problems arise when using rhythm in specific architectural compositions of the frontal surface. It is necessary to notice the peculiarity of the combination of three elements in the composition – if there is a clearly expressed axis, then the ternary rhythm (the one consisting of only 3 elements) is considered complete, if there are elements built according to an increasing or decreasing vector, then this type of ternary rhythm must be completed by methods of stopping the rhythm. On the frontal architectural plane the rhythm can appear in an unstoppable form when the idea of   the work consists in bringing the viewer's thought out of the compositional field – an opportunity to have own thoughts about the work, to get the answers outside the creation. In this case the rhythm really does not stop visually. In order for such frontal compositions to feel complete the elements of the rhythmic series and the composition in general must be carefully proportioned, or the stop of the rhythm must be manifested by the natural boundaries of the form which is not visible visually but sensuously encompasses the rhythmic series. The finished rhythm can be achieved by the main ways of stopping it in the composition: form, \"extreme element\", \"rhythm – counter rhythm\", stopping the vertical rhythm with a horizontal one. The use of methods of stopping the rhythm in compositional practice simplifies the creation of a complete composition.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121479536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of architectural formation оf centers of social and psychological rehabilitation","authors":"S. Shkliar, Ivan Voronovskyi","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.271-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.271-281","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines and analyzes the main problems (economic, socio-political, demographic, socio-psychological), which determine the peculiarities of the architectural formation of centers of socio-psychological rehabilitation. The main requirements for the architectural formation of social and psychological rehabilitation centers are determined. \u0000As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the main problems of the architectural formation of social and psychological rehabilitation centers include: the need of a large number of citizens for social and psychological assistance; insufficient level of funding for the design, construction and operation of social and psychological rehabilitation centers; the emergence of new categories of rehabilitators (military servicemen and civilians who suffered as a result of hostilities), which require a special functional and planning structure and compositional construction of centers of social and psychological rehabilitation; the absence of a significant part of citizens' awareness of the need for their own social integration, psychological support and correction; lack of clear scientifically based recommendations regarding the architectural formation of social and psychological rehabilitation centers. In the course of the study, it was determined that during the development of project solutions for the architectural organization of social and psychological rehabilitation centers, the following requirements must be taken into account: the formation of a multifunctional structure - a combination of many functional blocks that correspond to the leading thematic direction of the rehabilitation center; prioritization of the needs of the target category of users when agreeing on the nomenclature of premises (specific functional features of a certain type of building); the ability of the building of the rehabilitation center for internal re-functioning (transformability of spaces); ensuring conditions for confidential work (demarcation of the building into separate blocks, horizontal and vertical functional zoning, etc.); taking into account the requirements of universal design.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128183964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive architectural and construction systems optimized for change scenarios","authors":"Serhii Burachenko","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.6-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.6-27","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the problem-focusing on unchanging architecture and construction systems, such as large-panel house construction, led to the fact that their moral aging occurs faster than their physical wear and tear. \u0000The analysis of research and publications shows a constant interest in adaptive architectural and building systems based on the differentiation of structural elements and planning solutions, according to the scenarios of the predicted changes, the terms of parts operation of the building and the life cycles of the architecture objects. \u0000The purpose of this publication is the systematization of architectural and construction systems taking into account various scenarios of variability of architectural objects, on their typology and various design situations. \u0000The novelty of the publication lies in the differentiation of variable components of architectural and building systems from the point of view of their stability and importance in maintaining the durability and sustainable development of the architectural object. \u0000The research methods are based on the analysis of the building components stability, taking into account their life cycle, as well as the predicted variability of the functional purpose and standards of residential and public premises. The basis for the differentiation of components is various scenarios of use and transformation of the object, which are sometimes predictable, and in other cases depend on the specifics of a project. In any case, the specified variations for a specific architectural and cjnstruction system are optimized by search analysis, design and monitoring of the maintenance of the architectural object during its life cycle. \u0000The result of the research is the systematization of architectural and building systems, which formed the basis for Ukrainian standards (DSTU-N B P A.1.1-93, DSTU 9171), which were developed with the participation of the author. \u0000Methodical approaches and models of architectural and building systems and dependence on requirements for the adaptability of architectural objects are revealed. \u0000In further research, the author intends to conduct a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign architectural and building systems.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and classification of modern constructions of large span coverings of buildings","authors":"G. Getun, Iryna Bezklubenko, A. Solomin","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.216-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.216-225","url":null,"abstract":"The impetus for the search for new forms of buildings and structures and the development of a new understanding of space was the emergence of new types of structures and related construction technologies. Technical and economic calculations show that the area of coverings in buildings with large hall rooms, as a rule, exceeds the total area of other enclosing structures, and therefore the cost of coverings, taking into account installation work, is of predominant importance in construction estimates. Spatial forms of coverings of hall rooms significantly affect the architectural expressiveness of buildings, and therefore the issue of choosing forms, materials and rational constructive solutions of coverings is extremely relevant. The article analyzes the types of long-span coatings, their classification, the conditions of use as load-bearing structures of building coatings, as well as some problems of their static operation, which are related to the choice of form and conditions of their support and division into structural elements. The most important components of the covering systems of buildings and structures are supporting structures, which have unlimited possibilities of interpretation of forms and materials, can be hidden or open and turn into architectural elements. It is obvious that in the process of designing the coverings of buildings and structures, it is necessary to consider and analyze various options for their constructive solutions. The authors considered the problems of calculations and construction of coatings, choosing their rational forms, which ensure the prevention of loss of their stability from the bending plane and a high aesthetic level. The main principles and methods of construction and static calculation of coatings and conditions of their application are given.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130441765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of art synthesis in architecture and design","authors":"Olha Zhovkva","doi":"10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.65.59-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes a brief excursion into the history of the development and formation of various types of art such as painting and sculpture from the time of Ancient Egypt. The question of the canon in sculpture and painting is considered. It also reveals the main features and methods of using the synthesis of arts (painting, sculpture, stained glass, artistic ceramics, etc.) in the formation of modern interior space in residential and public architecture. The formation of the interior space of objects of architecture by means of art tools in the broad sense of the word is dealt with. A brief analysis of the state of contemporary art and ways of further development is performed. The particularities of interaction between the architecture and works of art are defined and possible ways of integration are outlined. Today, when designing public and residential buildings and their spaces, it is necessary to think about the issues of environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, thus contributing to the improvement of the ecological situation. The trend of \"Environmentalism\" in architecture and design can be manifested through the use of ecological materials in the construction and furnishing of interior spaces. In view of the above, it should be noted that the synthesis of arts can be a powerful and useful tool in the hands of both architects and designers when solving the issue of furnishing the internal and external space of buildings and structures with different purposes, as well as being a means of achieving their artistic and architectural goals. expressiveness.","PeriodicalId":319540,"journal":{"name":"Current problems of architecture and urban planning","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}