Comparison of the features of the harmonization of volume and spatial architecture of modern public and residential buildings in the historical building of cities

Abstract

The scientific article examines the harmonization of modern residential and public buildings in a historical environment. The article defines public buildings and their classification by level of service, and how it affects harmonization in a historical context. Service classification is divided into daily, periodic and episodic levels. Problems related to the design of public and residential buildings in historical areas of cities, where it is important to find a harmonious balance between the preservation of the historical context and the inclusion of modern design, are analyzed and discussed. The importance of respecting the modern architectural style and scale of the surrounding development is emphasized, especially when it comes to public buildings of episodic service. The important features of contrasting harmonization of this level of public buildings are determined, and how they should differ from ordinary buildings. Seven basic harmonizing principles are outlined that are used to design public and residential buildings that complement their historic surroundings, including preservation of the facade fabric, repetition of dominant elements, and the method of silhouette repetition. Finally, the text gives an example of how the destructive method was used in the design of the Kunsthaus in the Austrian city of Graz. An example is also given of how London business centers are combined with historical buildings thanks to the principle of background building. After the analysis of examples of public buildings, examples of the architectural formation of modern housing in a historical environment are given. In general, the text contains an analysis of the principles of harmonization of modern buildings in the historical environment, and how this harmonization differs between residential and public buildings.