Ciceroniana On Line最新文献

{"title":"Falsche Freunde: der captator als dystopischer Gegenentwurf des idealen amicus","authors":"Elena Koestner","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2504","url":null,"abstract":"Schlusselworter : Cicero; amicus; amicitia; captator; captatio; Testament; Alteritat; Alienitat; Identitat. Zusammenfassung : Neben seiner Schrift Laelius de amicitia ausert sich Cicero auch in zahlreichen anderen Texten uber amicitia und diskutiert in diesen personliche, philosophische und soziopolitische Facetten von Freundschaft. In vorliegendem Artikel zeige ich an einer Passage aus den Paradoxa Stoicorum (39,3-4), dass auch das Motiv des captator in Ciceros Texten zum Verstandnis des ciceronischen amicitia -Begriffs beitragen kann. Captator und captatio entstammen einerseits der romischen Lebenswirklichkeit, andererseits entwickelte sich in verschiedenen literarischen Genres ein Kanon an Eigenschaften, die in der Folgezeit fest mit Erbschleicherei in Verbindung gebracht wurden. Diese konnotierte Semantik machte sich auch Cicero zunutze. In den Paradoxa Stoicorum wird der captator zum Antitheton des amicus, wobei Cicero die Hoffnung auf Aufnahme in ein Testament mit officia und benevolentia verknupft, die der zukunftige Erbe bzw. Legatsempfanger erbringen muss. Doch handelt hier seiner Meinung nach kein amicus , sondern ein captator , der sich wie ein Sklave gebardet. Entscheidend ist fur Cicero die Motivation, die innere Haltung der Erben, mit der sie diese zeitaufwendigen und kostenintensiven Serviceleistungen und Gunstbeweise erbringen. In der Gegenuberstellung der beiden Idealtypen – amicus und captator – entsteht so eine Verfeinerung des ciceronischen amicitia-Verstandnisses. Abstract : Cicero wrote about the personal, philosophical, and socio-political aspects of amicitia in many of his wide-ranging works not only in his Laelius de amicitia . In the current study, I focus on a passage of the Paradoxa Stoicorum (39,3-4) and introduce two opposing terms, captator and captatio , to analyse Cicero’s understanding of amicitia . On the one hand, both terms derive from reality of Roman life; on the other hand, they developed historically in various literary genres. Cicero was therefore able to make use of their connoted semantics. In the Paradoxa , the captator becomes the antithesis of the amicus , and Cicero links the hope of inheritance with the officia and benevolentia a designated heir had to give. In Cicero’s view, an amicus would not behave like this, but a captator would, because he is a slave to his own greed. For Cicero, the decisive factor is the motivation, the inner attitude of the heirs the reason why they offered laborious and expensive services and favours. From a comparison of the two ideal types – amicus and captator – arises a refinement of Cicero’s understanding of amicitia .","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der tröstende Freund - Epistolares Rollenbild und kommunikative Verhaltensweise in Ciceros Epistulae ad familiares","authors":"R. Schwitter","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2506","url":null,"abstract":"Schlusselworter : Cicero; consolatio; letters; friendship; practice of communication. Zusammenfassung : Trostender Zuspruch war innerhalb der prekaren, von Empfindsamkeiten gepragten aristokratischen Freundschaftskultur der spaten romischen Republik eine anspruchsvolle und komplexe Angelegenheit. Besonders in Briefen – der Kommunikationsform, in der sich die romische Oberschicht ublicherweise verstandigte, wenn ein personlicher Kontakt nicht moglich war – war die trostende Zuwendung an einen Freund mit gewissen Risiken verbunden. Um den Trauernden nicht zu bruskieren, genugte es nicht, sich in den psychischen und emotionalen Zustand des Adressaten zum Zeitpunkt des Brieferhalts zu versetzen, vielmehr musste die Tonlage und Argumentationsstrategie des Briefs am sozialen Status des Adressaten angepasst und das spezifische Nahe-Distanzverhaltnis zwischen den beteiligten Partnern berucksichtigt werden. Anhand der in Ciceros Epistulae ad familiares enthaltenen Trostschreiben de morte werden im vorliegenden Beitrag – in Abgrenzung zur traditionell dominanten philosophischen adhortatio – Hoflichkeit, Respekt und Taktgefuhl als die zentralen soziokommunikativen Merkmale der litterae consolatoriae der romischen Nobilitat der Spaten Republik herausgestellt. Abstract: Offering consolatory advice and comfort was a highly delicate task that potentially could threaten the precarious amicitia relationship between Roman aristocrats of the Late Republic. Especially in letters – the means of communication to which Cicero and his peers usually turned if personal conversation was impossible – consoling a friend was quite challenging. In order to avoid offending the often thin-skinned bereaved, the writer had to consider the mental and emotional condition of the addressee, and most importantly to pay respect to his social status. As the consolatory letters de morte preserved in Cicero’s Epistulae ad familiares show, epistolary consolation in late republican Rome was characterized by a specific communicative strategy based upon politeness and the conveyance of personal affection rather than on philosophical exhortation and rebuke, which traditionally dominate literary consolation in Greek and Roman Antiquity.","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45968199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patronus und amicus. Ciceros Tränen als Grundlage sozialer Integration","authors":"Angela Ganter","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2503","url":null,"abstract":"Schlusselworter : Cicero; patronus; orator; emotions. Zusammenfassung : Warum uberzeugten Tranen vor Gericht, obwohl jeder wusste, dass es sich dabei um eine Strategie handelte? Der Beitrag nimmt Ciceros Pro Plancio als Ausgangspunkt, um dessen Habitus als patronus zu diskutieren. Cicero betonte immer wieder, wie eng er mit seinen Klienten und Freunden verbunden sei. Bei seinen Auftritten bekannte er sich zum allgemein geteilten Ethos, das bei Patron-Klient-Verhaltnissen und Freundschaften wahre Hingabe verlangte. Da amicitia und Patronage auf geteilten Werten beruhten, die letztlich auf das Ethos der republikanischen Elite verwiesen, musste jeder, der sich diesen Werten verpflichtet fuhlte, Ciceros Argumentation folgen. Zumindest war es das, was seine rhetorischen Fahigkeiten auf rationaler und emotionaler Ebene forderten. Aber wie verhalt es sich mit der Annahme, dass Redner selbst emotional bewegt sein mussten, wenn sie ihr Publikum uberzeugen wollten? Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass Ciceros lebenslanger Einsatz als patronus ihn letztlich selbst glauben lies, dass er der emotional aufgewuhlte, hingebungsvolle patronus war, der er zu sein vorgab und der er wirklich war, wenn er vor Gericht trat. Abstract : Why did tears in Roman courts convince though everybody knew them to be a strategy? By departing from the case of Pro Plancio , the paper discusses Cicero’s habits as a patronus . Cicero continued stressing his close personal links to his clients and friends. In his performances, he subscribed to the shared ethos of patronage and friendship demanding true dedication. As amicitia , and patronage, were rooted in shared values that ultimately referred to the ethos of the republican elite, everybody addicted to these values also had to follow Cicero’s argumentation. At least this is what his rhetorical skills demanded on a rational, and an emotional, level. But what about the assumption that orators had to be emotionally moved themselves when wanting to convince their audience? The paper argues that Cicero s lifelong acting as a patronus ultimately made himself believe that he indeed was the emotionally moved, truly dedicated patronus he pretended to be, and he really was when performing in court.","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48196042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cicero's Two Loves","authors":"D. Konstan","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2502","url":null,"abstract":"Key Words : Cicero; dependency; friendship; love; parental affection; virtue. Abstract : This paper explores a tension within Cicero’s De amicitia between the love for friends, which is ideally predicated on an appreciation of the friend’s virtue, and the natural or instinctive affection of parents for offspring, which is evident in non-human animals as well as in human beings. It is argued that friendship may be regarded as a special instance of an innate disposition to support those who depend on us, extending the range of this natural sentiment to include not just offspring and parents but also those who earn our affection by virtue of their character or behavior. Riassunto : Con questo studio l’A. esplora una tensione interna al De amicitia ciceroniano tra l’affetto per gli amici, da una parte, teoricamente impostato sull’apprezzamento della virtu degli amici medesimi, e, dall’altra, l’affezione naturale o istintiva per la figliolanza da parte dei genitori, che e manifesta tanto negli animali quanto negli esseri umani. L’A. sostiene che l’amicizia deve essere vista come un caso speciale di una disposizione ingenita ad aiutare coloro che dipendono da noi, estendendone il raggio d azione cosi da includere non solo la progenie e i genitori, ma anche coloro che si sono guadagnati il nostro affetto tramite la virtu che risalta dal loro carattere o dal loro comportamento.","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amicitia and caritas in the 7th Century: Isidore of Seville and His Sources","authors":"S. Vorontsov","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2507","url":null,"abstract":"Key words : amicitia; caritas; justice; unity; Isidore of Seville; Laelius; Cicero; Visigothic Spain. Abstract : The article studies the reception of Cicero’s Laelius in Isidore of Seville’s sententiae 3, 28-32, that offers the only extant theoretical conceptualization of amicitia as a form of interpersonal relation during the 6th and 7th centuries AD. Over the period, caritas was regularly used to describe social relations. Accordingly, the study’s key question is: how was classical concept of amicitia reintegrated into the Christian discourse of 7th century Roman-Barbarian Spain? The article suggests that the question of true unity in friendship was central for Isidore: he reconsiders patristic model of grounding amicitia in caritas that was interpreted as both the principle of right behaviour towards the neighbour and a ground of general political and religious unity of gens Gothorum . Thus, Isidore attempts to correlate the personal relations of amicitia with the principle of caritas that rules and unites the society. This suggestion helps to explain why Isidore pays attention to the ideal of friendship represented in Cicero’s Laelius . In the final analysis, the study tries to explain why Isidore builds the chapters on friendship from quotations and allusions on Laelius , suggesting that by these means Isidore’s text according to the principles of writing of Late Antiquity, established a set of references between relevant problems of unity and relations in 7th century Visigothic Spain and the authoritative text of the tradition. Riassunto : Nel presente contributo viene studiata la ricezione del Laelius ciceroniano nelle sententiae di Isidoro di Siviglia (nello specifico, 3, 28-32), che offrono l’unica concettualizzazione teorica dell ’amicitia , intesa come forma di relazione interpersonale, tra il VI e il VII secolo d.C. In questo periodo, era regolarmente usato il termine caritas per indicare il piano delle relazioni sociali. Costituisce allora il focus di questo studio il seguente interrogativo: come e stato reintegrato il concetto classico di amicitia nel pensiero cristiano della Spagna romano-barbarica di VII secolo? L’articolo cerca di dimostrare che la questione della vera unita, all interno dell amicizia, costituisca un tema centrale di riflessione per Isidoro di Siviglia: egli rivaluta il modello di stampo patristico, che consisteva nel fondare l’ amicitia sulla caritas e che, inoltre, era interpretato sia come principio di un retto comportamento verso il prossimo sia come terreno di intesa comune, religiosa e politica, per la gens Gothorum . Isidoro tenta cosi di correlare i rapport personali di amicizia con la nozione di carita che regola e rinsalda le relazioni sociali. Cio contribuisce a spiegare perche egli rivolga attenzione all’ideale di amicizia presentato nel Laelius . In ultima istanza, lo studio si propone di illustrare la ragione per cui Isidoro si serva, per scrivere i capitoli sull amicizia, di citazioni e di allusion","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46605638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indici Annata 1975","authors":"Donatella Fogazza","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Il ruolo di El Escorial, V.III.6 e dei suoi discendenti nella tradizione manoscritta del Lucullus","authors":"C. Senore","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2194","url":null,"abstract":"L’articolo riguarda un gruppo di sette codici che tramanda il testo del Lucullus di Cicerone e che appartiene al ramo della tradizione discendente dal manoscritto Wien, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek 189 . I sette manoscritti costituiscono uno stadio della tradizione caratterizzato dalla presenza di tre lacune testuali. Sulla base di alcuni elementi paleografici e della presenza di una glossa riportata a margine del testo di uno di essi, El Escorial, V.III.6 ( Scor4 ), e inglobata all’interno del testo degli altri sei, e possibile individuare in Scor4 il capostipite di questo gruppo della tradizione. Lo studio si occupa inoltre di fare chiarezza sui rapporti che intercorrono tra i sei discendenti di Scor4 . The article focuses on a group of seven codices which carry the text of Cicero’s Lucullus . This group belongs to the branch of the tradition descending from the manuscript Wien, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek 189 . The seven manuscripts represent a step of the tradition marked by the presence of some textual lacunas. I start from some paleographic elements and from the presence of a gloss on text’s margin of one of them, El Escorial, V.III.6 ( Scor4 ). The gloss has been then incorporated in the text of the other six manuscripts and I assume that Scor4 is the founder of this group of tradition. Furthermore, this article aims to clarify the relations between the six descendants of Scor4 .","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Cicero’s De domo. A survey of recent work","authors":"Cédric Scheidegger-Lämmle","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2192","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution offers a brief survey of research on De domo and locates it in the changing landscape of Ciceronian studies. After a consideration of the old debate on the speech’s authenticity, it identifies four dominant lines of inquiry in recent scholarship on De domo .  Il contributo offre una breve prospettiva di ricerca sul De domo di Cicerone, collocando l’orazione nel panorama in continua trasformazione degli studi ciceroniani. Dopo una riflessione sullo storico dibattito riguardante l’autenticita del dialogo, si identificano quattro campi di ricerca dominanti nella critica recente al De domo.","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontespizio e Sommario","authors":"E. Malaspina","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47550584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cicerone e l'oratore tinctus litteris (de orat. 2,85): questioni testuali e stilistiche","authors":"Francesca Boldrer","doi":"10.13135/2532-5353/2206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2532-5353/2206","url":null,"abstract":"L’espressione metaforica sit enim mihi tinctus litteris usata da Antonio nel dialogo de oratore (2,85) a proposito di un suo possibile allievo di oratoria, viene generalmente intesa come esortativa, ma Antonio disdegnava gli studi teorici e culturali, basando invece la sua scuola sulla pratica forense. Sembra percio opportuna una interpretazione diversa di sit e dei seguenti congiuntivi in senso concessivo (“ammettiamo che io abbia un allievo impregnato di letteratura”), cui si contrappone nella proposizione successiva l’annuncio da parte di Antonio del suo metodo pratico (fut. temptabo ). Inoltre il nesso tinctus litteris e stato oggetto di varie interpretazioni riduttive nel senso di una media o scarsa cultura: piu probabilmente indica invece una cultura profonda, corrispondente al diffuso ma prosaico sinonimo imbutus litteris . Il termine tinctus sembra alludere inoltre a Lucrezio, poeta (valorizzato da Cicerone) che utilizza spesso tingo , ed implica una metafora cromatica positiva e raffinata. In sintesi l’oratore tinctus litteris , poco apprezzato da Antonio ma comunque accolto nella sua scuola, sembra il ritratto di Cicerone da giovane, che in effetti era stato un suo allievo letterato ed impegnato per tutta la vita a nobilitare l’oratoria sul piano stilistico piu dei suoi maestri. The metaphorical expression sit enim mihi tinctus litteris used by Antonius in the de oratore dialogue (2,85) about one of his aspiring students, is generally understood as an exhortation, although Antonius disdained theoretical and cultural studies, preferring to base his school on forensic practice instead. Sit therefore requires a different interpretation, one that steers the subjunctive mood into its concessive sense (“let’s admit that I have a student steeped in literature”), which is offset by the next sentence where Antonius announces his practical method ( temptabo ). Moreover, various interpretations of the collocation tinctus litteris diminished its meaning to that “of an average or poor culture”, whereas it most probably indicates quite the contrary, as it reflects the widespread but prosaic synonym imbutus litteris . In addition, the word tinctus seems to allude to Lucretius – a poet (well known by Cicero) that often uses tingo – and constitutes a positive and refined colour metaphor. In summary, the orator tinctus litteris , little appreciated by Antonius but still welcomed at his school, seems to be the portrait of the young Cicero, who really had been his student, a literate scholar committed for life to the ennoblement of the oratory style to a greater extent than his masters.","PeriodicalId":31844,"journal":{"name":"Ciceroniana On Line","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}