Tecnia最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the aspect ratio on seismic performance of adobe buildings","authors":"Danty Alexander Otero Monteza, Miguel Augusto Díaz Figueroa","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1413","url":null,"abstract":"Adobe buildings usually are characterized by having walls with small and uniform slenderness ratios; nevertheless, there are some historical adobe buildings with existing large walls, where the influence of the aspect ratio becomes quite important in the seismic behavior. This article analyzes the seismic behavior of adobe buildings with larger walls in one axis than the other orthogonal axis. Also, the influence of the aspect ratio of the wall height respects on the wall length is analyzed by varying the wall length. Finite element models were elaborated using the concrete damaged plasticity model to study the influence of the aspect ratio on the seismic behavior of adobe buildings. Four models of buildings having different aspect ratios, varying in length from eight meters to fifty-two meters have been considered. Nonlinear time history analyses with three Peruvian seismic records are conducted. Regarding material, information was collected on the parameters necessary for finite element modeling for adobe masonry. From the non-linear simulations, the cracking patterns of the four buildings were identified. The influence of the aspect ratio in the seismic capacity of these kind of adobe buildings is analyzed.  Finally, the results obtained in the numerical models are compared with the evidence of damage caused by past earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45134864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propuesta para obtener las máximas aceleraciones de piso usando la norma sísmica peruana e.030","authors":"Roque Alberto Sánchez Meza","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1401","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of some floor diaphragms during earthquakes was due to failures in connection with vertical elements or because those were not designed for seismic forces in its plane. This has made that the design of diaphragms is an issue that has been incorporated in many seismic codes. For its design, it is necessary the maximum acceleration on each floor during a strong seismic event. The seismic Peruvian code E.030 does not include any methodology about how to calculate those accelerations floor, it only refers to acceleration on floors but due to maximum base shear which does not correspond to maximum acceleration in each level. \u0000In this paper, a simplified procedure for obtaining maximum floor accelerations is shown. This procedure is based on First Mode Reduced method [1] to which a factor rW was included to consider higher modes participation in dual systems (frames / walls). The rW factor corresponds to the ratio of base moment in walls and base moment in the building. In the validation of the procedure, it was observed that the proposed procedure agrees with the results of experimental and analytical models.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43696796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of arch dams considering fluid-structure interaction","authors":"Yoshi Raul Vela Calderón, Hugo Victor Luis Scaletti Farina","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1376","url":null,"abstract":"The social, economic, and environmental consequences of the failure of an arch dam make it essential to evaluate its dynamic response to mitigate the risk of a disaster. Since the slenderness and flexibility of these dams tend to increase the fluid-structure interaction during an earthquake, this work compares the dynamic response of a hypothetical arch dam in the Marañón river, in northern Perú, for both full and empty-reservoir conditions. Three formulations were used to estimate the hydrodynamic pressures: Westergaard’s added mass, Eulerian and Lagrangian. The comparisons were performed for earthquakes of distinct seismogenic sources, previously matched to a uniform hazard spectrum with a return period of 10000 years. The finite element method was used to derive the seismic demands of the dam-reservoir-foundation system in COMSOL Multiphysics software, carrying out time-history analyses assuming linear elastic behavior of the dam and foundation domains and a massless foundation approach, ignoring the effect of waves propagation in the foundation but considering its stiffness. The results show that the Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations produce similar seismic demands, while Westergaard’s added mass formulation is conservative. The full-reservoir condition generally increases the seismic demands, but the results will depend on the boundary conditions assumed for the fluid and the characteristics of the earthquake, among other factors. Earthquakes matched to the same uniform hazard spectrum do not necessarily produce equal dynamic responses.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41768292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of energy dissipators in the seismic response of buildings","authors":"Keyvin Yuliño Saldaña Vasquez, Hugo Victor Luis Scaletti Farina","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1379","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the efficiency of energy dissipators, both fluid viscous and hysteretic, to improve the seismic responses of buildings. To quantify the ability of energy dissipators to reduce seismic responses, a series of time history analyzes were carried out on simplified models of buildings. Said simplified models consist of masses and springs with linear and elastic behavior whose properties are obtained from a shear beam model, joined by link elements with non-linear behavior to simulate energy dissipators. The main study parameters that were considered are the fundamental period of the structure without seismic control devices and the objective reduction factor. Likewise, a procedure is proposed for the dimensioning of the hysteretic dampers that will be incorporated into a building. On the other hand, the main building of the Lima airport was used as a case study, for which two alternatives are proposed, each one with a different type of energy dissipator, but both designed to have similar performance. Finally, the reductions obtained by both the simplified models and three-dimensional models are compared. It is concluded that the simplified models allow a fast and acceptable prediction of the levels of reduction of the seismic response in buildings that incorporate energy dissipators.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46780968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación de respuesta sísmica usando la teoría de vibraciones aleatorias en tres perfiles de suelo de Lima, Perú","authors":"Brandon Omar Pastor Oliveros, Diana Lucía Calderón Cahuana, Carlos Eduardo Gonzales Trujillo","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1420","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic response analyses are performed using a minimum number of seismic records as input motions in order to achieve a statistically strong estimation. Unfortunately, the available information recorded from the current seismic networks is still scarce regarding events with considerable magnitude. In this context, the Random Vibration Theory (RVT) arises as an alternative tool for performing site response analyses without the need of seismic records, since it only requires adequate probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. \u0000In this study, RVT was applied to three shear-wave velocity profiles in Lima city with distinct geomorphological origin. These profiles are characteristic for gravelly, sandy and fine deposits so the influence of each soil type in their corresponding transfer function was taken into account. In that sense, the three RVT-based normalized response spectra show good agreement with the design spectra specified in the Peruvian code, despite some amplification in the short (below 0.10 s) and long (above 0.80 s) period ranges related to noise or far-field effects. Furthermore, RVT-based response spectra for La Punta and Villa el Salvador show good agreement with the time-series based analyses from a previous study. \u0000In addition, spectral acceleration values surpass those specified in the Peruvian code for a range beyond the corner period. This could suggest that the soil profile characterization based on the time-averaged shear wave velocity from the upper 30 m might be insufficient to evaluate the overall seismic behavior of a soil deposit. Therefore, additional parameters that account for the deeper soil substructure might be required.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metodos de identificacion modal en puentes atirantados caso de estudio: Puente Rayitos de Sol","authors":"Julio Alfredo León Deza, Carlos Javier Melchor Placencia, Victor Sánchez Moya","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i2.1437","url":null,"abstract":"La estimación precisa de los parámetros modales de los puentes atirantados juega un papel clave en la evaluación de la seguridad de estas estructuras bajo cargas dinámicas como el tráfico, el viento y los terremotos. Además, la dificultad para excitar este tipo de estructura hace que las mediciones de vibraciones ambientales sean una fuente significativa de información para validar los modelos de elementos finitos tridimensionales completos desarrollados que se utilizan para evaluar la respuesta dinámica de este tipo de puentes. En este trabajo se seleccionó como caso de estudio el puente atirantado Rayitos de Sol. Para evaluar los parámetros modales del puente, se recolectaron datos de vibraciones ambientales de puntos estratégicos sobre la plataforma. Utilizando los datos registrados en campo, se llevaron a cabo y luego se compararon una serie de métodos de identificación de sistemas en el dominio del tiempo y la frecuencia. Los datos recopilados se analizaron en función de métodos de identificación only-output: selección de picos, descomposición del dominio de la frecuencia, identificación del subespacio estocástico, decremento aleatorio e identificación del dominio del tiempo de Ibrahim. El propósito de realizar diferentes análisis es examinar la eficacia y los límites de aplicabilidad de estas técnicas para abordar los desafíos específicos involucrados en la identificación modal de puentes por etapas. Para complementar el análisis de datos de vibraciones ambientales, el modelo de elementos finitos validado del puente se sometió a excitaciones ambientales artificiales para realizar una comparación exhaustiva de los métodos de identificación. En el desarrollo del modelo numérico, considerar la rigidez efectiva de los elementos de hormigón armado, así como modelar las condiciones de contorno correctas en las juntas de dilatación, fueron los principales factores para lograr una buena correlación con los parámetros modales medidos.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"César Castromonte Flores, José Junior Carlos Díaz Rosado","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i1.1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i1.1530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio mediante simulación numérica de una planta de procesos textiles para aprovechamiento de energía residual","authors":"Anita Etelvina Peraldo Ramos, Nain Maximo Ramos Alvarez, Adrián Alejandro Terán Castañeda, Juan José Uchuya López","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v32i1.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v32i1.1343","url":null,"abstract":"Actualmente, las plantas de procesos textiles necesitan un control de las condiciones asociadas al proceso de hilandería, siendo la climatización de los ambientes de trabajo un factor importante en la calidad y productividad de estos procesos. Los beneficios obtenidos a partir de la optimización de esta climatización ayudan a orientar un menor consumo de energía, contribuyendo en la mejora del posicionamiento de los productos y aportando rentabilidad en los procesos de operación. Debido a las ventajas que son obtenidas en el proceso de climatización, el presente trabajo propone un sistema que permita reutilizar la energía residual, generada en la salida de los ductos de ventilación. Esta energía residual es ingresada a la planta para disminuir las altas temperaturas observadas en el sobre techo. Consecuentemente, este enfoque generará una disminución en la demanda del servicio del sistema de climatización y reduce los costos operativos. También, para verificar esta propuesta es realizada una simulación numérica multifísico y es comparada con un sistema convencional de climatización. La simulación incorpora modelos de turbulencia para representar el flujo en los ductos de ventilación. Además, esta simulación considerada la transferencia de calor que es generada por los equipos que operan en esta planta textil. Los resultados de la simulación multifísico muestran los campos de temperatura, líneas de flujo, entre otros datos importantes obtenidos desde la simulación numérica. Todos los resultados son dados para una sección del ambiente de estas plantas y verifican la eficiencia de la propuesta de este trabajo.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49089782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desarrollo de un concentrador centrífugo neumático para el procesamiento en seco de partículas ultrafinas de minerales auríferos: diseño del prototipo","authors":"Jhon Marcelo Mamani-Quispe, Federico Eleodoro Calisaya-Mamani, H. Taco-Cervantes, Víctor Benigno Ascuña-Rivera, Diego Edgardo Juárez-Pinto, Yvan César Guzmán-Jacobo, Mireya Mariela Mamani-Añamuro","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v31i1.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v31i1.1058","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del presente trabajo es el diseño de un prototipo de concentrador centrifugo neumático que permita a la minería de pequeña escala que se desarrolla en lugares desérticos y aislados, procesar in situ, de manera limpia, sin uso de agua y reactivos químicos, minerales auríferos ultrafinos. Se aplicó un modelo matemático basado en el análisis físico-fenomenológico del mecanismo de separación de sedimentación diferencial en una película de fluido de flujo laminar, para determinar la trayectoria de las partículas en el interior del tazón del concentrador centrifugo en función de las variables de geometría del tazón, variables de operación y características físicas de la partícula y fluido. Las simulaciones realizadas mostraron un efecto notable del uso de aire en vez de agua sobre la trayectoria de las partículas dentro de la película de fluido. Los resultados también mostraron que la capacidad del concentrador para la separación de partículas por diferencia de densidades más que por diferencia de tamaños, se favoreció al aplicar bajas velocidades de rotación, altos caudales de alimentación de aire y para tamaños de partícula en el rango ultrafino (< 40 μm). El prototipo construido permitirá realizar pruebas experimentales a nivel de laboratorio que complementen la compresión del proceso y afinar el diseño del concentrador.","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42447849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desarrollo de un modelo experimental de una chimenea solar-eólica para suministro eléctrico","authors":"Dinau Velazco Lorenzo, Jorge Gustavo Butler Blacker","doi":"10.21754/tecnia.v31i1.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v31i1.1092","url":null,"abstract":"Se desarrolló un modelo experimental de una chimenea solar eólica para suministro eléctrico, primeramente, se seleccionó el espacio geográfico más adecuado para la implantación del modelo. A continuación, realizamos un estudió a fin de determinar los parámetros ambientales, eólicos, solares usando los visores del Ministerio de Energía y minas; teniendo como punto de partida los recursos energéticos renovables se estableció un pre dimensionamiento a fin de garantizar viabilidad económica, técnica para poder construir el modelo. Se aplicó la teoría de similitud para definir la geometría preliminar de la chimenea considerando como referentes plantas construidas, marcando la diferencia de agregar dos subsistemas adicionales uno eólico y otro fotovoltaico a fin de darle mayor autonomía; el subsistema eólico ubicado en la parte superior de la chimenea y el subsistema fotovoltaico a lo largo de la superficie exterior del colector de chimenea y en la parte central. Se realizó el modelamiento fluido térmico en el colector considerando el volumen de control diferencial aplicando las ecuaciones de transporte de Reynolds, masa, momento, energía usando aproximaciones Bousnik a fin de poder determinar la evolución de la presión, densidad y temperatura trabajando con un modelo simplificado de aporte de calor en el colector, teniendo en cuenta la radiación por metro cuadrado instantánea en el lugar. Luego se realizó la simulación en Matlab y se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios del modelo, con respecto a los subsistemas eólicos y fotovoltaicas se desarrollaron las simulaciones para garantizar el aporte de energía. Se empezó a diseñar los componentes de la chimenea considerando la facilidad de transporte, manipulación ensamble, dibujando los planos considerando parámetros estructurales de resistencia, el componente de anclaje y primer cuerpo de la chimenea; se establecieron el número de cuerpos para lograr la altura de diseño. El colector se articuló al primer cuerpo de la chimenea mediante 12 sectores los cuales fueron construidos con T estructurales y con la pendiente de diseño, para posteriormente cubrirlo con plástico transparente estándar número 12 y pegarlo al colector. Paralelamente se diseñó el subsistema eólico conformado por dos eólicas con fuselaje aerodinámico, aspas con perfil NACA 624. Se realizó la cimentación del anclaje y posteriormente la instalación de todos los cuerpos en los que se instaló sensores de velocidad, temperatura y humedad de la chimenea considerando los aerogeneradores. Luego se instaló el sistema centralizado de acumulación, regulación y monitoreo en forma de columna fuera del colector y se procedió a los ensayos .Se cumplió el objetivo de desarrollar el modelo integral autosuficiente considerando 3 subsistemas de aporte, en el colector se obtuvieron gradientes de temperatura significativos, pero de acuerdo al cronograma de investigación las fechas de ensayo correspondió al mes agosto, donde no se tiene un alto nivel de radiac","PeriodicalId":31729,"journal":{"name":"Tecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}