European Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of build orientation effects on the microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of SLA 3D-printed epoxy resin","authors":"Mana Nabavian Kalat ,&nbsp;Yasamin Ziai ,&nbsp;Kinga Dziedzic ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Gradys ,&nbsp;Leszek Urbański ,&nbsp;Angelika Zaszczyńska ,&nbsp;Andrés Díaz Lantada ,&nbsp;Zbigniew Kowalewski","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) methods, popularly known as 3D printing technologies, particularly the pioneering laser stereolithography (SLA), have revolutionized the production of complex polymeric components. However, challenges such as anisotropy, resulting from the layer-by-layer construction method, can affect the thermomechanical properties and dimensional stability of 3D-printed objects. Although anisotropy in SLA 3D printing is often overlooked due to the high precision of this technique, its impact on the properties and structural performance of the 3D-printed prototype becomes more significant when printing small devices designed for precise micro-mechanisms. This experimental study investigates the impact of the chosen printing surface – a less explored factor – on the performance of SLA 4D-printed thermo-responsive shape memory epoxy (SMEp) specimens. Two identical dog-bone specimens were printed from two distinct surfaces: edge and flat surface, to examine how variations in surface area and quantity of layers influence the microstructure, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and shape memory performance. The results of this experimental investigation reveal that specimens printed from the edge, with a higher number of layers and smaller surface area, exhibit superior interlayer bonding, tensile strength, dimensional stability, and shape recovery efficiency compared to those printed from the flat surface. Conversely, specimens with fewer, larger layers demonstrated greater elongation and thermal expansion but reduced structural integrity and shape recovery performance. These results highlight the importance of experimentally investigating how different build orientations affect the properties and performance of SLA 3D-printed materials, especially before designing and employing them in applications demanding high precision and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel flame retardant based on Kabachnik-Fields reaction applied to fire retardant the unsaturated polyester resin","authors":"Jiayue Hu ,&nbsp;Fei Xin ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Feng ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;YuanYuan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kabachnik-Fields reaction was employed to successfully synthesize a novel flame retardant, N, N-bis (2-hydroxyphenyl-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphame-10-oxy-methyl)-propyltriethoxy-silane(KDS), using 3-triethoxysilyl-1-Propanamine (KH550), 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) and salicylaldehyde as raw materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the structure and preference of KDS. The composite UPR-30 exhibited superior flame retardancy when KDS was added at a rate of 30 %. It achieved a UL-94V-0 rating, a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.2 %, and a 71 % and 63 % decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR). Finally, a variety of testing techniques were adopted in order to examine the likely flame retardant mechanism of KDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds azidation: A versatile platform for functionalization of commodity polymers","authors":"Guanwen Huang ,&nbsp;Zhongming Wang ,&nbsp;Binbin Xu ,&nbsp;Xinghao Du ,&nbsp;Jianbo Tan ,&nbsp;Chun Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of efficient and robust approaches for functionalization of commodity polymers is of significant importance for endowing high-volume and low-cost commodity polymers with new functionalities and application fields. Herein, we report a general strategy to introduce azide units into commodity polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), polystyrene, polypropylene and polybutylene, via photocatalytic azidation of unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds using aridinium photoredox catalyst under blue LED irradiation (455 nm, 4 W). The contents of introduced azide units into commodity polymers can be regulated by reaction time. By copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, the obtained azide-containing commodity polymers can be efficiently modified with desired functional moieties. The azide-containing commodity polymers also can be used to covalently modify carbon-materials (e.g. fullerene) to prepare polymer/carbon-materials composites via azide-ene reaction. Additionally, the introduced azide units can be transformed into amino groups for further functionalization. Given the versatility and robustness of C–H azidation strategy, this work opens a new avenue to generate various functional materials from commodity polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorless and transparent self-healing polyurethane urea with superior tensile strength for protective coating","authors":"Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Ma ,&nbsp;Yating Geng,&nbsp;Miaoming Huang,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Wentao Liu,&nbsp;Suqin He,&nbsp;Wanlin Xu,&nbsp;Chengshen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-healing polyurethanes have gained significant attention as functional polymers, but their mechanical properties are often compromised by the introduction of dynamic covalent or noncovalent bonds during synthesis. Enhancing the mechanical properties of polyurethanes while maintaining their exceptional self-healing capabilities is a current research focus. To address this challenge, we introduced cystamine dihydrochloride as a chain extender in polyurethane systems to form partial urea bonds, strengthen hydrogen bonding, and improve polyurethane rigidity. The unique soft and hard segment structure of polyurethane facilitates the development of hydrogen bonds, enabling enhanced self-healing through the synergistic effect of disulfide and hydrogen bonds. The synthesized samples exhibit high healing efficiency, robust mechanical properties, and exceptional transparency, with over 85 % light transmittance in the visible range. Among the samples, PCUU-6 (with 40.2 wt% hard segments and 5.8 wt% disulfide bonds) demonstrates better mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 57.5 ± 4.3 MPa, an elongation at break of 476.4 ± 26.6 %, and a self-healing efficiency of 87.7 %. Furthermore, the fracture toughness and Young’s modulus were measured at 139.9 ± 4.8 MJ/m³ and 114.6 ± 4.2 MPa, respectively, indicating excellent fatigue resistance. The self-healing PCUU samples show potential application in protective coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent exchange strategy for the construction of novel smoke-suppressing, mechanically robust flame-retardant epoxy resins","authors":"Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Yueshan He ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Haowen Sun ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving a balance between flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) remains challenging in industry and academia. Herein, a novel polyphosphazene microsphere (PZS) was synthesised by precipitation polymerization. Further, BPF@PZS with core–shell structure was prepared by solvent exchange strategy for flame retardant EP. The precipitation polymerization confers PZS enriched with modifiable amino groups and natural P and N synergistic flame retardation. The solvent exchange provides BPF@PZS with good dispersion properties and char formation. The addition of only 5 wt% of BPF@PZS reduces the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) during combustion by 40.6 % and 56.5 %, respectively, and results in a high LOI of 28.9%. Meanwhile, EP-BPF@PZS exhibits excellent mechanical properties due to the homogeneous spreading of BPF@PZS. This work broadens the application scenarios for the development of multifunctional and high-performance epoxy resins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional polymerization of thiophene siloxane oligomers. Optoelectronic behavior and computational calculations","authors":"Jean Medina ,&nbsp;Patricio A. Sobarzo ,&nbsp;René A. Hauyon ,&nbsp;Luis E. Garcia ,&nbsp;Enzo B. González ,&nbsp;Eduardo Schott ,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Jessop ,&nbsp;Carmen M. González-Henríquez ,&nbsp;Ximena Zarate ,&nbsp;César Saldías ,&nbsp;Alain Tundidor-Camba ,&nbsp;Claudio A. Terraza","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four novel siloxane-functionalized oligo(azomethine)s (o-AzThs) containing thiophene and alkyl-thiophene units were successfully synthesized via a high-temperature polycondensation reaction between dichlorodiphenylsilane and four diphenol monomers incorporating imine linkages. The resulting o-AzThs were characterized by spectroscopic methods (NMR, FTIR) and elemental analysis. These oligomers, composed for 4–9 repeating units per chain exhibited excellent solubility in common aprotic polar solvents, moderate molecular weights (M_n = 2.94–4.70 kDa), and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI ≈ 1.1). The new o-AzThs displayed thermal stability up to 223–370 °C and glass transition temperatures ranging from 56 to 91 °C. Optoelectronic analysis showed a broad absorption–emission behavior with bandgaps values of 2.36–2.52 eV, along with low HOMO energy levels (−5.24 to −5.36 eV) suggesting their potential applications in optoelectronic field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilized proton ionic liquid catalyst based on ZIF-8 catalytic degradation of PET performance and mechanism study","authors":"Zichen Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Dai ,&nbsp;Yumeng Wang ,&nbsp;Peilu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Ruoke Liu ,&nbsp;Sarah Elfadil Ali Adam ,&nbsp;Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) is widely utilized in industrial applications and everyday life. However, its extensive use has led to substantial environmental challenges. This study presents a highly active and selective [DBU][m-cresol] proton-ionic liquid (PIL)-immobilized ZIF-8 catalyst for PET resource utilization. Using just 15 mg of the ZIF-8@[DBU][m-cresol]-2 catalyst, PET degradation reached 97.72 %, while BHET conversion achieved 86.95 % within 60 min. The Zn²⁺ ions in the catalyst decrease the electron density of the m-cresol carbocation, thus improving the nucleophilic substitution capability of [DBU][m-cresol]. The influence of catalyst dosage, the ethylene glycol-to-PET ratio, and temperature on degradation and conversion was investigated. After five cycles, the catalyst retained a degradation efficiency of 77.71%. In practical applications, testing on three commercial PET materials demonstrated degradation efficiencies exceeding 90%. DFT calculations and LC-MS analysis indicate that hydrogen bonding among ethylene glycol (EG), PET, and ZIF-8@[DBU][m-cresol] enhances PET’s electrophilicity, while Zn²⁺ decreases the electron density of carbocations, thereby facilitating PET degradation. This work highlights the potential of proton-based ionic liquid-supported catalysts for efficiently converting PET waste into valuable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113828"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODAN and C120 fluorescent probes to investigate the structure of branched cyclic polyglycerol","authors":"Carlo Andrea Pagnacco ,&nbsp;Fabienne Barroso-Bujans ,&nbsp;Marcelo Calderón ,&nbsp;María Soledad Orellano","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperbranched polyglycerols have been widely studied in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and chemical functionality. Branched cyclic polyglycerols, which have a cyclic structure in their central core, belong to the family of hyperbranched polyglycerols but have not been extensively explored. To better understand the potential of these novel polymers to host small molecules and to elucidate their complex structure, we proposed here the use of environmentally sensitive probes, PRODAN and Coumarin 120 (C120), which undergo changes in their fluorescence intensity and emission maxima in response to changes in the environment. To this end, the photophysical properties of both fluorescent dyes were studied in the presence of aqueous solutions of branched cyclic polyglycerol and a number of compositionally and structurally similar molecules and macromolecules, including hyperbranched polyglycerol, β-cyclodextrin, glycerol, and crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and 2-hydroxymethyl 18-crown-6. PRODAN is able to accept hydrogen bonds and C120 is able to accept and donate hydrogen bonds. Consequently, the distinct photophysical response of PRODAN and C120 when interacting with the above molecules and macromolecules, rich in either hydroxyl or ether groups, provided valuable insights into the structure of branched cyclic polyglycerols and their ability to host small molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in composite materials integrating molecularly imprinted polymers for targeted drug delivery systems","authors":"Wenjun Guo ,&nbsp;Jinyu Ji ,&nbsp;Yingying Shi ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Zechen Yan ,&nbsp;Qiuzheng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a method for creating molecular locks that complement specific molecular bonds. This technology yields molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which feature specific binding sites that emulate interactions observed in enzyme-substrate or antigen–antibody binding. The distinctive recognition specificity, structural predictability, and high stability of MIPs have positioned them as key areas of interest within drug delivery systems (DDS). Here, we comprehensively review the recent advancements in composite materials integrating MIPs for DDS (MIPs-DDS). Firstly, we provide a brief introduction to MIPs based on the types of forces acting between templates and functional monomers, then classify and introduce MIPs-DDS based on the types of doped nanomaterials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), siloxane, up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), metallic nanoclusters and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then delve into the delivery modes and release mechanisms of MIPs-DDS, encompassing factors such as pH, light response, temperature, magnetic response, glutathione, and multi-responsive mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasized the application of MIPs-DDS in cancer, diabetes, eye diseases and other diseases, as well as in the selection and delivery of stereoisomeric drugs. Finally, we outline the existing challenges and future perspectives for MIPs-DDS, aiming to accelerate the development of MIT and facilitate the creation of innovative multifunctional DDS for diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation-responsive phenylboronate-bridged block copolymer for targeted cancer drug delivery","authors":"Hanchen Ding ,&nbsp;Shiqun Shao ,&nbsp;Youqing Shen ,&nbsp;Jiajia Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomedicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by improving targeted drug delivery while mitigating systemic side effects. An effective delivery system must maintain stability in physiological environments while enabling precise and rapid drug release in tumors. The primary challenge lies in designing nanocarriers that are responsive to tumor-specific stimuli. Here, we introduce a novel amphiphilic block copolymer, PEG-Blink-PCL, featuring a phenylboronic ester linker that selectively degrades, responding to reactive oxygen species (ROS), allowing for controlled, site-specific drug release. Our study demonstrates that DOX-loaded PEG-Blink-PCL micelles (B/DOX-M) exhibit excellent stability in the bloodstream yet quickly shed their PEG corona upon exposure to elevated ROS levels, leading to micelle disassembly and efficient DOX release in tumors. This ROS-triggered “shell-removal” strategy significantly augments tumor inhibition while minimizing systemic toxicity in the MDA-MB-231 tumor model. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ROS-responsive PEG-Blink-PCL as a promising platform for effective and precise cancer drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}