European Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Modification of poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid with enhanced mechanical and barrier performance","authors":"Xiaoqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Meiling Chen ,&nbsp;Jiyang Zuo ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Caiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Kangpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Siqi Yu ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Jinggang Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-based materials provide solutions with both ecological benefits and technical feasibility for replacing traditional petroleum-based materials. This study focused on poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF), a fully bio-based polyester with promising gas barrier properties. However, the lack of mechanical properties has become a key bottleneck in its packaging applications. Aiming at the problems of low molecular weight of PPF, Poly (propylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PPTh) oligomer prepared from 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and 1,3-propanediol was used to modify PPF, and high molecular weight poly(propylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate-co-2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPThF) copolyesters were prepared by melt polycondensation. The experimental results exhibited excellent CO₂ and O₂ barrier properties of up to 29.0 and 9.3 times compared with those of PET, respectively. Crucially, a brittle-ductile transition occurs without sacrificing barrier properties (elongation at break increases from 4.6% to 29%). These findings indicate that the material has the potential for packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface functionalization of diazonium-treated hybrid fillers for enhanced electromagnetic interference properties in epoxy composites","authors":"Jinhyun Park ,&nbsp;Wondu Lee ,&nbsp;Jaeyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Jaekyung Lee ,&nbsp;Sangwoo Kim ,&nbsp;Nahyun Lee ,&nbsp;Dabin Park ,&nbsp;Jooheon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increased integration and miniaturization of electronic devices have brought significant challenges in managing internally generated heat and suppressing electromagnetic interference (EMI), both of which can critically affect device reliability, performance, and lifespan. Although thermal interface materials (TIMs) and EMI shielding films have been used to address these challenges independently, such multilayered approaches are often hindered by interfacial thermal boundary resistance, secondary EMI caused by reflection, increased weight, and the risk of corrosion. Hence, the present study reports a novel multifunctional epoxy-based composite that incorporates diazonium-functionalized carbonyl iron (CI) particles that were surface-modified using a diazonium salt of 5-amino salicylic acid (D-CI) and a three-dimensional (3D) porous reduced graphene oxide aerogel (rGOA) for simultaneously addressing the heat dissipation and EMI shielding challenges. The surface modification of CI via aryl diazonium chemistry enables the formation of covalently bonded aromatic layers that effectively suppress particle agglomeration and improve the interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix. The introduction of π-electron-rich structures further extends π–π electron transfer pathways, thereby facilitating interfacial charge transport between metallic components and contributing to the enhancement of electrical conductivity. In addition, improved dispersion and filler–filler connectivity promote the formation of continuous thermal conduction pathways, thereby resulting in higher thermal conductivity. Demonstrating excellent integrated performance, the D-CI/rGOA/epoxy composite delivered thermal and electrical conductivities of 4.48 W/m·K and 59.1 S/cm, respectively, while its EMI shielding effectiveness reached as high as 74.4 dB. Thus, the proposed strategy offers strong potential for use in next-generation electronic packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enzyme/acid-degradable PCL-based polyurethanes with enhanced biocompatibility and shape memory properties","authors":"Meng Wu ,&nbsp;Yingying Han ,&nbsp;Hui You,&nbsp;Zhiwei Yang,&nbsp;Weihua Xu,&nbsp;Shijing Yan,&nbsp;Fang Wu,&nbsp;Taotao Fan,&nbsp;Jun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing conventional polyurethane (PU) challenges including non-renewable resource reliance, recycling difficulties, and demands for functionalization, this study designed an enzymatic and acidic-synergistically degradable PU material with biocompatibility and shape-memory behavior. By incorporating acid-hydrolyzable hexahydrotriazine (HT) units and bio-based isosorbide (ISO) into polycaprolactone (PCL)-based PU chains, crosslinked PCL-PU films with dual degradability were synthesized. By regulating the ratio of ISO units and HT chain extender, the PCL-PU films exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of ∼31.1 MPa and elongation at break of ∼963 %, while maintaining high thermal stability. Thanks to their unique chemical structure, PCL-PU films exhibited superior synergistic degradation properties in both acidic and enzymatic environments. Specifically, they achieved rapid and full breakdown in a phosphoric acid/ethanol solution at room temperature, while exhibiting partial enzymatic degradation (∼28.7 % weight loss after 6 weeks in lipase solution). Furthermore, the PCL-PU films also demonstrated good biocompatibility, and possessed shape-memory functionality, enabling spontaneous recovery to their original shape above 37 °C. This study not only provides a new direction for the sustainable development of PU materials but also lays the foundation for medical materials, flexible sensors, smart wearable devices, adaptive structures, and environmentally friendly biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of cis–trans CBDO and the effect of its cis–trans isomers on the properties of modified PET co-polyesters","authors":"Hezhen Pang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Penglei Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) modified co-polyesters are expected to replace bisphenol A polycarbonate applications in many fields, and the <em>cis</em>–<em>trans</em> isomerisation of CBDO directly affects the co-polyester properties. However, the separation of <em>cis</em>–<em>trans</em> CBDO isomers and the influence of cis–trans isomer ratio on the performance of co-polyester are poorly investigated at present. In this paper, an efficient method of separating <em>cis</em>–<em>trans</em> CBDO isomers was proposed, and CBDO modified PET co-polyesters (PEBT) with a total CBDO content of about 40 % and a <em>cis</em>-CBDO content of 20–100 % were synthesized by modulating the <em>cis</em>- content. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the co-polyester with 100 % <em>cis</em>-CBDO was as high as 117.8 °C, and the increment in T_g of the co-polyester with per mol of <em>cis</em>-CBDO introduced was calculated to be 0.92 °C, which was 2.7 times of the increment of <em>trans</em>-CBDO (0.34 °C). With the increase of <em>cis</em>-CBDO content from 20 % to 100 %, the tensile strength was correspondingly increased from 35.4 MPa to 40.2 MPa, and the elongation at break decreased from 74 % to 18 %, respectively. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-performance CBDO-modified co-polyesters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposome-based hybrid nanoplatforms: advancing cancer therapy through enhanced drug delivery and synergistic strategies","authors":"Mohd Shoab Ali ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Abdulrhman Alsayari ,&nbsp;Shadma Wahab ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liposomes, as biocompatible and biodegradable vesicles, have long been utilized for drug delivery due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals, enhance drug stability, and reduce systemic toxicity. However, conventional liposomes face challenges such as limited selectivity and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. To overcome these limitations, hybrid liposomal nanosystems have emerged as a promising strategy, integrating advanced functional components such as photosensitizers, hyperthermia agents, polymers, and targeting ligands. These hybrid platforms enhance site-specific drug delivery, enable controlled release, and facilitate the co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, thereby improving bioavailability and minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, they leverage the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor accumulation and utilize receptor-specific interactions within the tumor microenvironment. This review explores recent advancements in liposome-based hybrid nanosystems, highlighting their efficacy in overcoming tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Furthermore, preclinical studies on various cancers, including melanoma, liver, lung, and breast cancer, are discussed to underscore their therapeutic potential. The transformative capabilities of these hybrid nanoplatforms pave the way for personalized, precise, and more effective cancer treatments, offering new avenues for integration into conventional oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114304"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smart “Dual-Stimuli Triggered” bioimaging nanoplatform: Combining synergistic Hypoxia/pH luminescence imaging with MRI","authors":"Fangyi Cao ,&nbsp;Tongchun Huang ,&nbsp;Tianwen Bai ,&nbsp;Jihong Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Ling ,&nbsp;Guocan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective and accurate molecular imaging methods are particularly desirable for specifically non-invasive biological diagnosis. However, highly sensitive and smart probes on a single platform for contrast imaging remain challenging. Simultaneous detecting multiple physiological parameters immensely decreases misdiagnosis. In this contribution, we report the first difluoroboron <em>β</em>-diketone-based dual-modal nanosensor for luminescence bioimaging with synergistic response of hypoxia and pH combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Acidic pH associated with hypoxia-stimulated luminescence enhancement makes the nanosensor more suitable for early diagnosis of tumors. Furthermore, the highly stable Gd³⁺ coordinated nanoparticles efficiently enhance relaxivity and have excellent biocompatibility. The smart dual-modal system is promising for further applications in bioimaging and theragnostic integrative biomedical techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly statistical PLGAs based on L-methylglycolide: the impact of copolymer microstructure on hydrolytic degradation monitored by pH fluorescent sensor","authors":"Andrey V. Shlyakhtin ,&nbsp;Anastasia V. Ryabova ,&nbsp;Egor A. Kretov ,&nbsp;Ekaterina A. Koroleva ,&nbsp;Alexander N. Tavtorkin ,&nbsp;Ilya E. Nifant’ev ,&nbsp;Vladimir V. Bagrov ,&nbsp;Pavel V. Ivchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomedical applications of poly(lactic-<em>co</em>-glycolic acid)s (PLGAs) are significantly hindered by acidification during hydrolytic degradation of these copolymers, which can cause postoperative complications such as toxic acidic response in surrounding tissues. PLGAs are usually obtained by ring-opening copolymerization (co-ROP) of lactide (LA) and glycolide (GL); marked difference in reactivity of LA and GL results in formation of copolymers with low statisticity. Biodegradation of PLGAs is strongly influenced by lactate/glycolate (L/G) ratios, molecular weight characteristics and microstructure of copolymers. It is believed that the presence of long (G)<em>_n</em> segments is driving fast hydrolysis of PLGAs with a formation of low-MW organic acids and relatively high-MW (L)<em>_n</em> remnants, none of that is good for biocompatibility of PLGAs. In the present work, we proposed the use of <em><span>l</span></em>-methylglycolide (<em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL) in co-ROP with <em><span>l</span></em>-LA to randomize PLGAs. Copolymers with <em><span>l</span></em>-LA/<em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL molar ratios of 85:15 (PLMG 85/15) and 70:30 (PLMG 70/30), as well as <em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL homopolymer PLMG 0/100, were prepared; <em><span>l</span></em>-LA/GL copolymers PLGA 85/15 and PLGA 70/30 were synthesized for a comparison. According to ¹H and ¹³C NMR data, <em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL-based PLGAs did not contain (G)<em>_n</em> segments with <em>n</em> &gt; 2, DSC studies revealed high statisticity of copolymers. Investigations of hydrolytic degradation of thin PLGA films were conducted by laser scanning microscopy with the use of pH fluorescent sensor 4-PYMPO. These studies revealed the marked difference in hydrolytic behavior of <em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL- and GL-based PLGAs: with equal L/G ratios, <em><span>l</span></em>-MeGL-based PLGAs proved to be non-acidifying polyesters, which will open wide prospects for their biomedical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114309"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity ratios of bio-based itaconates and acrylates in radical copolymerizations","authors":"Lennart Arendes ,&nbsp;Marco Drache ,&nbsp;Celine Bösche ,&nbsp;Tobias Robert ,&nbsp;Sabine Beuermann","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Replacing petrochemically-based monomers by bio-based building blocks is an important topic in polymer chemistry. Recently, itaconic acid and its derivatives are investigated as potential alternatives. Free-radical polymerizations of these monomers are associated with a very low propagation rate. Moreover, the propagation reaction becomes reversible already at temperatures of 60 °C, which limits the accessible monomer conversion. To overcome these issues, copolymerizations with acrylates are attractive due to not being prone to depropagation at typical polymerization temperatures and fast propagation rates. Due to the presence of acrylate units in the copolymer higher monomer conversions are accessible compared to homopolymerizations. Since copolymer properties are strongly depending on the copolymer composition, their prediction via reactivity ratios (<em>r</em> values) is important. Here, <em>r</em> values determined via Monte Carlo simulations with consideration of depropagation are reported for several copolymerizations of three itaconates and four acrylates with non-functional ester groups. Polymer characterization is based on SEC elution curves and ¹H NMR spectra recorded with an 80 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer. A common pair of reactivity ratios is obtained, with 1.50 and 0.54 for the itaconate and acrylate comonomer, respectively. It is shown that these <em>r</em> values can be transferred to other non-functional comonomer pairs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beaver dam-inspired semi-interpenetrating polymer network with local crosslinks: A synergistic approach for high-strength, flame-retardant, and thermally stable thermoplastic composites","authors":"Qiming Wang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang ,&nbsp;Mingguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yining Wang ,&nbsp;Minghang Yang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xigao Jian ,&nbsp;Yousi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the challenge of simultaneously optimizing multiple properties in thermoplastic resins, we propose a molecular network strategy inspired by the branch-skeleton–clay interlocking architecture of beaver dams. In this bioinspired design, rigid entangled polymer chains form a branch-like skeletal network, while amino- and cyano-based secondary crosslinks act as clay-like fillers. This hierarchical structure mimics the graded energy dissipation mechanism found in natural dams. The optimized polymer exhibits outstanding performance: compressive strength of 200.6 MPa at 25 °C, &gt;85 % modulus retention at 150 °C, and an intrinsic UL-94V-0 flame-retardant rating, with 1 % weight-loss temperatures of 441 °C (N₂) and 435 °C (air). This approach yields a new class of resin matrices combining mechanical robustness, intrinsic flame resistance, and thermal stability for extreme applications (e.g., high-temperature aerospace seals and flame-resistant 5G electronics housings).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adaptable activation and inactivation of RAFT polymerization: a liquid-liquid phase separation scaffold-client platform","authors":"Ran Zhang,&nbsp;Xubo Fan,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Xu,&nbsp;Wenjing Niu,&nbsp;Yuanli Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex coacervates provide a powerful platform to explore life-like reaction functions. However, the droplet compartmentalization and compartment-specific viscoelasticity control for reaction (in)activation toward life-like functionality and adaptivity are of great challenge. Herein, we present a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) scaffold-client platform for self-adaptable reaction (in)activation under aqueous RAFT conditions in dilution in the presence of air. Self-assembly of dodecyl-containing amphiphilic cationic polyelectrolyte (C12-Polyelectrolyte) leads to the <em>droplet scaffold</em> with compartmentalization into densely-charged C12-rich <em>dense-phase</em> compartments and NHR₃⁺-rich <em>dilute-phase</em> compartments, showing extremely high salt-resistance up to 4.5 M NaCl <em>via</em> “salting-out” driven droplet shrinkage. Precise recruitment of anionic aspartic acid acrylamide monomer (<em>clients</em>) into <em>dense-phase</em> compartments maintaining liquid <em>dilute-phase</em> compartments, leads to the <em>catalytic coacervates</em> that can activate ultrafast oxygen-tolerant retardation-free photo-RAFT polymerization in &lt; 2 % w/w monomer dilution (98 % conversion in 20 min). Nevertheless, excess monomer recruitment to <em>dilute-phase</em> compartments leads to droplet hardening and droplet-to-lamella transition, resulting in <em>reaction inactivation</em> involving <em>kinetically-trapped retardation</em> and <em>kinetically-frozen inhibition</em> (overnight reaction: 0 % conversion). This self-adaptable reaction (in)activation highlights pivotal roles of droplet compartmentalization and compartment-specific viscoelasticity control in life-like reaction functions, and provides simple guidelines for rational design of catalytic coacervate nanoreactors toward life-like functionality and adaptivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}