Liposome-based hybrid nanoplatforms: advancing cancer therapy through enhanced drug delivery and synergistic strategies

Abstract

Liposomes, as biocompatible and biodegradable vesicles, have long been utilized for drug delivery due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals, enhance drug stability, and reduce systemic toxicity. However, conventional liposomes face challenges such as limited selectivity and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. To overcome these limitations, hybrid liposomal nanosystems have emerged as a promising strategy, integrating advanced functional components such as photosensitizers, hyperthermia agents, polymers, and targeting ligands. These hybrid platforms enhance site-specific drug delivery, enable controlled release, and facilitate the co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, thereby improving bioavailability and minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, they leverage the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor accumulation and utilize receptor-specific interactions within the tumor microenvironment. This review explores recent advancements in liposome-based hybrid nanosystems, highlighting their efficacy in overcoming tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Furthermore, preclinical studies on various cancers, including melanoma, liver, lung, and breast cancer, are discussed to underscore their therapeutic potential. The transformative capabilities of these hybrid nanoplatforms pave the way for personalized, precise, and more effective cancer treatments, offering new avenues for integration into conventional oncology.