Norman L. Ilich , Enoch Chan , M. Scott Taylor , Brian Gaerke , Sinduja Suresh , Damien G. Harkin , Flavia Medeiros Savi , Siamak Saifzadeh , Dietmar W. Hutmacher , Tim R. Dargaville
{"title":"Degradation and in vivo evaluation of an innovative delayed release implant of medical grade poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone)","authors":"Norman L. Ilich , Enoch Chan , M. Scott Taylor , Brian Gaerke , Sinduja Suresh , Damien G. Harkin , Flavia Medeiros Savi , Siamak Saifzadeh , Dietmar W. Hutmacher , Tim R. Dargaville","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delayed release implants are a potential method to deliver a therapeutic after a specified lag time. A reservoir implant fabricated by dip-coating allows facile loading of a payload designed to be injected subcutaneously with release controlled by the physicochemical properties of a soft biodegradable terpolymer, poly(glycolide-<em>co</em>-trimethylene carbonate-<em>co</em>-ε-caprolactone). A triphasic profile is achieved, consisting of a lag period (Phase 1) due to negligible terpolymer degradation preventing payload release. By 37 days (Phase 2) bulk erosion of the terpolymer reaches a state where payload begins to diffuse into the surrounding medium, accounting for 75 % of release and 20 % mass loss, indicating a combination of diffusion and erosion-mediated release. Lastly, Phase 3 is predominately diffusion-controlled as 20 % payload release is achieved with minimal mass loss of the polymer. In a rodent preclinical model, the terpolymer was well-integrated within host tissue with a balanced foreign body reaction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a unique medical grade poly(ester)-based polymer to develop a delayed release implant with excellent potential for translation. Prospective applications of this device include the delivery of sensitive payloads such as protein vaccines as polymer-payload interactions during manufacturing are avoided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuqi Shi , Hong-Hui Shu , Zhiyuan Zhu , Cheng-Mei Liu , Jingyi Rao
{"title":"Balancing hydrophobicity and surface potential in bio-based bisfuran-containing polyamide coatings for enhanced long-term antibacterial efficacy and endotoxin adsorption","authors":"Liuqi Shi , Hong-Hui Shu , Zhiyuan Zhu , Cheng-Mei Liu , Jingyi Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop antimicrobial protective materials based on renewable polymers, we synthesized a series of bio-based bisfuran-based polyamide (<strong>bFPA</strong>) polymers with various functional groups, including allyl quaternary ammonium cations, decyl quaternary ammonium cations, and sulfonate betaine. These <strong>bFPA</strong>-based coating materials, featuring excellent thermal stability (>230 °C) and biocompatibility, were facilely fabricated on polyurethane (PU) substrates by blending and crosslinking with unsaturated aliphatic PU resin. By altering the combination of different functional groups in <strong>bFPA</strong> polymers, we controlled the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and surface charge properties of the bio-based coating. Compared to pure PU coatings, the <strong>bFPA</strong>-based coatings with moderate hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and surface potential significantly reduced the adhesion of model protein and bacteria by approximately 70 % and >99 %, respectively, demonstrating outstanding anti-protein and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. Even after seven cycles of use, the coatings maintained the ability to kill ∼80 % and >99 % of Gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli</em> and Gram-positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria, respectively, indicating long-lasting antibacterial activity. Additionally, the optimized <strong>bFPA</strong>-based coatings effectively adsorbed ∼80 % of endotoxins from damaged Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interactions, thereby reducing the risk of inflammation and sepsis. The development of bio-based polyamide coatings with long-term antibacterial and endotoxin adsorption properties significantly advances their safe and reliable application of in the field of biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile synthesis of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with excellent thermosetting, fibrous and crystalline properties","authors":"Weiwei Zhang , Yukuan Niu , Wenchao Zhang , Rongjie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) that are more serialized than traditional POSS is essential to reduce the economic investment and expand the category of high-performance POSS. This work employed a simple one-step method to synthesize a series of different physical states of methacryloxypropyl-phenyl POSS (AcPhPOSS). The FTIR, NMR and MS results showed that the products were mainly composed of regular T<sub>8</sub>, T<sub>10</sub> and T<sub>12</sub> cage-like structures, and the outer periphery of the AcPhPOSS cage carried different proportions of flexible methacryloxypropyl (R<sub>1</sub>) and rigid phenyl (R<sub>2</sub>) groups. In addition, the curable, fibrous, and crystalline properties of liquid, semi-solid, and powder AcPhPOSS were studied through thermal curing, electrospinning, and crystallization methods, respectively. The results showed that AcPhPOSS in three different states, especially AcPhPOSS@1:0 (liquid), AcPhPOSS@1:3 (semi-solid) and AcPhPOSS@0:1 (powder), exhibited good thermal curing properties, fiber and crystallization, respectively. Hence, this work proposes a facile strategy for producing multifunctional materials with good curing properties, fiber-forming properties, and crystallinity, which have broad application potential in thermosetting resins, fiber materials, and single crystal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zedong He , Hao Zhang , Ju Xie , Ti Zhou , Jie Zhang
{"title":"Studies on preparation of silicon-containing polyester via ring-opening polymerization and new type of elastomers derived from the resulting diols","authors":"Zedong He , Hao Zhang , Ju Xie , Ti Zhou , Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon-containing polyesters represent a novel class of polymers that integrate silicone and polyester units within their main chain. Polysiloxanes typically consist of flexible chain segments, while polyesters are characterized by their rigidity. The combination of these two components in the main chain offers the potential for tunable properties across a broad range. For the first time, a new organosilicon cyclic ester monomer (Si-Mon) was synthesized using a pseudo-high dilution condensation method. Both theoretical and experimental studies confirm that the ring-opening reaction site of Si-Mon is the ester group, rather than the Si-O-Si bond. Silicon-containing polyesters (SiPET-Series 1) with molecular weights exceeding 20,000 Da were efficiently and rapidly synthesized at room temperature, utilizing benzyl alcohol as the initiator and t-BuP<sub>4</sub> as the catalyst. Organosilicon polyester diols (SiPET-Series 2) with varying molecular weights were produced using 1,4-benzenedimethanol as the initiator. Additionally, a new type of organosilicon polyester elastomer (SiPET-E) was developed by employing SiPET-Series 2 as the base gum and (2,4,6-trioxotriazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)- triyl)tris(hexamethylene)isocyanate (THDI) as the crosslinking agent. The stress–strain behavior of SiPET-E is influenced by the molecular weight of SiPET-Series 2. Notably, SiPET-E exhibits remarkable properties; for instance, it demonstrates superelastic characteristics when the molecular weight of SiPET-Series 2 is 13,000 g/mol, achieving a tensile strength of 2.56 MPa and an elongation at break of 776 % without the use of reinforcing fillers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanically robust, self-healing and stretchable electromagnetic shielding materials based on multi-component dynamic bonded polyurethane elastomer","authors":"Zongyi Zheng , Jiaji Zhu , Huagao Fang , Jiewu Cui , Yong Zhang , Yunsheng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretchable self-healing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials can automatically restore their original performance after mechanical damage, and can still maintain over 20 dB EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) under tensile state. In this work, a series of highly stretchable self-healing polyurethane elastomer PUBNS-X was prepared by introducing dynamic disulfide bonds, boronic ester bonds and boron-nitrogen coordination (B-N) on the polyurethane main chain. It was found that B-N coordination significantly increased the elongation at break and the tensile strength. The high dynamic reversibility of boronic ester, disulfide bond and B-N coordination bond synergistically endowed PUBNS-X with excellent temperature-triggered self-healing properties. The mechanical properties of PUBNS-X can be restored to more than 90 % at 60 °C. The pre-assembled silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive network was then introduced into the polyurethane surface by taking advantage of the fluidity of the dynamically bonded polyurethane backbone to obtain a series of stretchable self-healing electromagnetic shielding composites (AgNWs/PUBNS-Y). The results showed that the EMI SE of AgNWs/PUBNS-Y can reach ∼55 dB, and the conductivity can be restored to 82 % of the original value after healing at 60 °C. The investigation of the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of composites under different strains showed that the EMI SE of AgNWs/PUBNS-3 can still maintain 20 dB under 90 % strain. These composites will have broad potential applications in the fields of flexible wearable electronic products, bionic intelligent materials and soft robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visible-light-switchable glass transition temperatures and optical actuation in crosslinked fluoroazopolymers","authors":"Youfeng Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature has provided significant inspiration for designing polymer materials that can move in response to light, with many examples of such materials created, especially using ultraviolet (UV) light as an external stimulus. However, it is essential to design materials that can regulate the mechanical properties of polymers through visible light stimulation and macroscale movement under visible light exposure. Here, we have developed a polymer film chemically crosslinked with fluorinated azobenzenes, which produces a strong mechanical response when exposed to green or blue light in air. The film exhibits visible-light-switchable mechanical properties and directional bending due to the photoisomerization of azo chromophores in the crosslinked polymer networks. The thin film also changes their optical transparency upon visible light irradiation. This work offers insights into the development of responsive polymer materials and photomechanical materials, advancing the realization of self-propelled machines and soft robotics powered by visible light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional performance of gallic acid in biodegradable food packaging films and coatings: Mechanisms, developments, applications, and horizons","authors":"Behnam Bahramian , Reza Abedi-Firoozjah , Narges Kiani-Salmi , Asghar Azizian , Nazli Dorud , Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori , Mohammad Hashemi , Elham Assadpour , Milad Tavassoli , Ehsan Sadeghi , Fuyuan Zhang , Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increasing interest in the development of degradable and biopolymeric food packaging films (FPFs) based on green ingredients and strategies. To enhance the performance of these films, modifications can be made to the biopolymer molecules, or additives can be incorporated, such as nanomaterials, crosslinkers, bioactive compounds, and other polymers. The use of green compounds is an effective method to improve the performance of degradable FPFs, with gallic acid (GA) being a widely used natural green compound in various biopolymeric films. This review provides an in-depth analysis of GA chemistry and discusses the different types of biopolymeric FPFs crosslinked by GA. Furthermore, it summarizes the recent applications of GA crosslinked biopolymeric FPFs/coatings for food preservation. The comprehensive improvement of biopolymeric films due to GA crosslinking is evident, with the effect on the films’ properties dependent on the concentration of GA and reaction state. The cross-linking of GA with polymer molecules increases the cohesion of the polymer network, with physical and chemical covalent crosslinking being the two main types of cross-linking. Notably, biopolymeric FPFs/coatings crosslinked by GA have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in preserving fresh foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intrinsic self-healing Polyurethanes: Advances, Applications, and future prospects","authors":"Roham Ghanbari , Azam Serajian , Shahla Ataei , Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane (PU), a versatile and widely used polymer, has garnered significant research attention due to its intrinsic properties such as extended lifetime and durability, with diverse applications, ranging from clothing to industrial components. Self-healing mechanisms in PU primarily rely on intrinsic and extrinsic driving forces, in which the intrinsic process got sough after because of its reversible features. The intrinsic mechanism can be categorized into reversible covalent bonds (e.g., Diels-Alder reactions and disulfide bonds,) and dynamic non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds). These mechanisms enable the spontaneous reconfiguration and healing of the polymer structure. Furthermore, the integration of new functional groups into PU structures introduces additional properties such as shape memory, degradability, and biocompatibility, broadening the scope of applications, particularly in flexible sensors and biomedical engineering. This paper delves into the self-healing mechanisms of PU, its functional integration, and potential applications in emerging fields such as coatings, adhesives, photo-thermal conversion, and biomedical devices, highlighting the challenges and future prospects in the development of self-healing PUs. Through a synthesis of recent studies, this article also discusses the balance between self-healing capabilities and mechanical properties, proposing new research directions for enhancing the efficacy and utility of self-healing PUs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annelien Van Oosten , Florian Matz , Valentina Parravicini , Thomas Christian Jagau , Guy Koeckelberghs
{"title":"Disparity between rate and selectivity in the controlled synthesis of gradient conjugated copolymers","authors":"Annelien Van Oosten , Florian Matz , Valentina Parravicini , Thomas Christian Jagau , Guy Koeckelberghs","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this report, a one-pot synthesis of gradient copolymers is attempted employing Kumada catalyst transfer condensative polymerization (KCTCP). The hypothesis that a more reactive monomer is preferentially being built into the chain at the beginning, while the slower reacting monomer is only being built into the chain at the end due to it being in excess, is investigated. The monomer rate constants are influenced by the usage of differently sized sidechains (octyl <em>versus</em> 3-octyldodecyl) and nucleophilicity of the monomers (thiophene <em>versus</em> selenophene). Nonetheless, while the rate constants differ by a factor 2, no selectivity is obtained. The cause thereof is further investigated by increasing the sterical crowdedness around the catalyst-complex by employing a 4-substituted monomer, the polymerization of which also gave rise to random copolymers. Accompanied by density functional theory calculations of the geometry and Gibbs free energy, it is concluded that the distance between the nickel catalyst and the polymer chain is much smaller compared to the distance between the catalyst and the incoming monomer. This results in different polymerization rates (depending on the polymer-nickel complex), while having no selectivity for one incoming monomer over the other.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Ji, Yaping Wang, Mengqing Luo, Zihao Zhang, Xiaohua Chang, Yutian Zhu
{"title":"pH and light-triggered shape transformation of block copolymer particles in emulsion droplets","authors":"Dan Ji, Yaping Wang, Mengqing Luo, Zihao Zhang, Xiaohua Chang, Yutian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-responsive shape-transformable block copolymer (BCP) particles have arisen great attentions because of their tunable physical and chemical characteristics triggered by external stimuli. Herein, we developed a simple yet effective strategy to realize pH and light dual-triggered shape-switchable BCP particles through the co-assembly of BCPs with photo-responsive additive 4-hydroxyazobenzene (Azo-OH) within the evaporation emulsion droplets. The formation of hydrogen bonding interactions between the Azo-OH and 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) unit increases the volume fraction of P4VP domain, in turn leading to a morphological transition of the particles from onions to pupas by tuning the Azo-OH content. Subsequent light-induced <em>trans</em>–<em>cis</em> transition of the Azo unit induces the enhancement of the hydrophilicity of the P4VP domains, giving rise to internal shape transitions of the BCP particles from pupas to onions with P4VP at the outmost-layer. Furtherly, since the hydrogen bonds between Azo-OH and 4VP group are sensitive to pH, the interfacial properties of the emulsion droplets and the assembled structures are tuned through adjusting the environment pH of the aqueous solution, causing the formation of various particle shape, including pupas, raspberries, and onions. This work offers a promising method to engineer the microstructures of polymeric assemblies, which may attract more attention on the applications of the stimuli-responsive particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}