Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Emission characteristics and formation mechanisms of ammonia and amines during residential solid fuel combustion at varying temperatures","authors":"Xinxin Feng, Xun Qi, Hao Li, Yingjun Chen, Yanli Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127184","url":null,"abstract":"Residential solid fuel combustion (RSFC) is a significant source of ammonia (NH₃) and amines; however, their emission characteristics and influencing factors remain poorly understood. This study investigated the emission behavior of NH₃ and C1∼C6 alkylamines from 12 fuel types categorized into three major groups (straw, firewood, and coal) via field and laboratory experiments at different temperatures. The results revealed that NH₃ emissions (159.5 ± 215.6 mg/kg) were an order of magnitude higher than amine emissions (20.1 ± 23.1 mg/kg). Additionally, NH₃ and amine emissions exhibited a strong synergistic relationship, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.5–0.8, indicating a moderate to strong positive linear correlation. Temperature and fuel types were identified as key factors influencing the emissions of NH₃ and amines. Increasing the temperature from 500 to 800 °C reduced NH₃ and amine emissions from biomass burning (BB) by 2–5 times but increased the emissions from low-volatility coal combustion (CC), reflecting different formation mechanisms. At low temperatures, NH₃ and amines in BB are released primarily via amino acid deamination, whereas at high temperatures, they are consumed. In contrast, CC emissions are mainly driven by the high-temperature ring-opening oxidation of tightly bonded nitrogen in pyrroles and pyridines. Random forest models revealed that BB emissions are more temperature sensitive, while CC emissions are more fuel-type sensitive. High temperatures promote large-molecule amine formation in RSFC, with the proportion of diethylamine and triethylamine rising from 8.2%–11.8% at 500 °C to 18.2%–31.8% at 800 °C, and small-molecule monomethylamine rapidly decreasing to below 10%. This study indicates that synergistic control strategies based on fuel type and combustion temperature should be implemented to reduce NH₃ and amine emissions.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk identification of human health, ecotoxicity, and degradation products of azo dyes: development of a priority control list","authors":"Tong Li ,&nbsp;Luanxiao Wei ,&nbsp;Yisu Fang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Cui ,&nbsp;Xiajiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Azo dyes (ADs) are synthetic colorants with high stability and persistence, posing genotoxic, carcinogenic, and ecological risks. In this study, 56 ADs and 191 predicted degradation products were systematically assessed. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis quantified toxicity endpoints. The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method determined indicator weights, while the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method validated robustness. A standard deviation approach was used to establish a priority control list, identifying seven ADs as being of special concern. Machine learning and factor analysis revealed that electronegativity, molecular volume, and nitro substituents were the key drivers of toxicity, while sulfonate groups reduced risks. Structural traceability confirmed that –N=N– bond cleavage produces hazardous aromatic amines. These findings provide a concise framework for risk identification, regulatory alignment, and prioritization of hazardous dyes, thereby supporting the development of safer alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 127180"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminants influence the outcomes of the male-male competition component of sexual selection under field conditions","authors":"Rosemary Patrick, Andrea S. Griffin, Kim Colyvas, Allison Luengen, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Chiedza Francisca Munyeza, Geoff R. MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127188","url":null,"abstract":"Darwin's theory of precopulatory intrasexual selection states that individuals compete for access to mates for reproductive success. Size advantage is a critical factor in male-male competition across animal species, determining dominance, access to resources, the outcome of physical contests, and reproductive opportunity. As a result, this body size becomes exaggerated over evolutionary time. Despite extensive research on the physiological effects of metals, there has been less focus on how these contaminants impact behaviours critical for reproduction and sexual selection, particularly in Semaphore crabs. Crabs were collected from a control location, Swansea, and three contaminated locations (Powells Creek, Badu Mangrove and Bicentennial Park) and were paired in size-matched and size-asymmetric male-male competition contests for access to a burrow, a critical resource for reproduction. The results showed that individuals from locations with elevated contamination were less successful in competitive interactions, spending less time in the burrow than individuals from the control location. Additionally, while larger males from the control location consistently outcompeted smaller males in dyadic interactions, this size advantage was significantly reduced at contaminated locations, where smaller males more often won burrow ownership. Furthermore, morphological measurements revealed elevated concentrations of Pb, Dioxins, and PCBs at contaminated locations were correlated negatively with male body size and chela size, especially in mature purple males. The results demonstrated that selection pressure on large size may be relaxed in males under contaminant stress. This research also provides field evidence supporting our previous laboratory findings, which highlight the influence of exposure to lead contamination on the outcome of male-male competition, a component of intrasexual selection in Semaphore crabs.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of pancreatic cancer: A nested case-control study within the NYU Women's health study","authors":"Fen Wu ,&nbsp;Miquel Porta ,&nbsp;Emily Spear ,&nbsp;Elena Colicino ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Narasimhan ,&nbsp;Divya Pulivarthi ,&nbsp;Robert O. Wright ,&nbsp;Yelena Afanasyeva ,&nbsp;Karen L. Koenig ,&nbsp;Alan Arslan ,&nbsp;Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte ,&nbsp;Syam S. Andra ,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental chemicals that have been linked to pancreatic cancer in animal studies, but evidence in humans remains limited. We evaluated associations between pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of 11 PFAS and pancreatic cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the New York University Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of 14,273 women. Serum samples collected prior to diagnosis from 116 pancreatic cancer cases and 346 matched controls were analyzed for PFAS levels. Associations between individual PFAS and pancreatic cancer risk were assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression, and mixture effects were examined using repeated holdout weighted quantile sum (WQSRH) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Ten PFAS met the inclusion criteria for analysis. In single-chemical models, N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (NMFOSAA) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk, but associations did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction. WQSRH models with negative constraints suggested a borderline inverse association with the PFAS mixture, primarily driven by NMFOSAA, PFOA, and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUNDA), while no significant associations were observed in positively constrained WQSRH or BKMR models. Overall, these findings do not support a positive association between circulating PFAS and pancreatic cancer risk in women. Although some compounds showed suggestive inverse associations, the overall findings indicate no clear link between PFAS exposure and pancreatic cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 127185"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the impact of organic chemicals and nutrients on river ecological quality: a case study from Donegal, Ireland.","authors":"Javier Vila, Katrina A. Macintosh","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127178","url":null,"abstract":"A benthic macroinvertebrate indicator known as Q-value shows that the ecological quality of rivers in Donegal, Ireland has declined since biological monitoring began in 2004. Previous studies suggested that the insecticide cypermethrin may be a driving factor. Cypermethrin and three other organic chemicals (MCPA, PFOA and PFOS) have been frequently detected in rivers in Donegal since hazardous chemical monitoring started in 2020. Available monitoring data on those organic chemicals and nutrients, from 15 river sites in Donegal between 2020 and 2024, were analysed to estimate their relative impact on river ecological quality, using Q-values as surrogate of ecological quality. Around 10-30% of cypermethrin, MCPA and phosphate levels were above relevant environmental standards, while PFOA, PFOS and nitrate levels were below. Bivariate analyses showed negative relationships of Q-value with cypermethrin, PFOS and nutrients but not with MCPA or PFOA. Multivariate models confirmed that cypermethrin may be an important driver of ecological decline in Donegal rivers, explaining around 20% of the Q-value trends (partial R squared, pR²: 0.2009). Q-value trends were also explained by PFOS (pR²: 0.2907), nitrate (pR²: 0.1834) and phosphate (pR²: 0.1073). Our results are based on approximately 1,500 datapoints from 15 (∼4%) river sampling sites in Donegal. However, they suggest the need to: 1) better align biological and chemical monitoring programmes; 2) assess the ecological impact of chemicals even at relatively low concentrations, and 3) further reduce surface water pollution from nutrients and PFAS. Future studies are recommended using larger datasets from Ireland or other countries with similar monitoring programmes.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Near-Field Effects of Large Point Source Emissions on Ambient Ozone with Coupled Lagrangian and Eulerian Models","authors":"Mengmeng Zhang, Yun Zhu, Ji-cheng Jang, Xiongbo Zhang, Qixiang Li, Dian Ding, Shaoyi Wang, Zhiqiang You, Zhaoxin Dong, Guanglei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127157","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and managing the near-field impacts of large point sources (LPSs) on ozone (O₃) pollution is critical for effective urban air quality control. This study integrated a Lagrangian-Eulerian modeling framework that combines the Second-Order Closure Integrated Puff with chemistry (SCICHEM) model and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (referred to as SCICHEM-CMAQ), to quantify O₃ responses to nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from cement and power plants, with support from Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) data. Results revealed that both source types exhibit pronounced peak impacts during late morning to early afternoon hours (10:00-14:00), coinciding with intensified photochemical activity. For instance, peak O₃ contributions reached up to 1.78 μg/m³ and 1.52 μg/m³ for cement and power plants, respectively. In terms of continuous emissions, cement plants exert the strongest influence within 0-2 km through rapid mixing and stronger local photochemical formation, while both cement and power plants make high O₃ contributions again within a range of 5-13 km via regional transport and sustained chemical processes, forming exposure hotspots of regulatory concern. This spatial differentiation reveals overlooked far-field persistence beyond conventional near-field assessments. Wind-resolved analysis indicated that continuous industrial NOx emissions can exert stronger effects in downwind regions than near the source, highlighting their extended influence range.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil: a comparative analysis of conventional, biodegradable microplastics, and tire wear particles","authors":"Yefeng Zou ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Feng ,&nbsp;Xueru Liu ,&nbsp;Junyao Guo ,&nbsp;Hua Zou ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Shan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As plastic waste continues to build up in soil, the issue of microplastics (MPs) has become a global concern. However, there is much less information available on soil-associated MPs compared to aquatic MPs. Most of our knowledge about MPs is primarily based on research on conventional microplastics (CMPs), which may not apply to biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) and tire wear particles (TWPs). Unlike previous reviews that largely focused on CMPs in aquatic systems, this review integrates bibliometric and thematic analyses to comparatively examine CMPs, BMPs, and TWPs in soils, offering a new framework that highlights type-specific behaviors, ecological risks, and critical knowledge gaps. Bibliometric analysis reveals a shift from early emphasis on occurrence and identification toward growing concerns over ecological impacts and contaminant interactions. Thematic analysis summarizes published data about the occurrence, aging processes, and impacts on soil properties and biota, with a focus on the differences between the three types of MPs. Compared to CMPs, BMPs degrade more rapidly and destabilize soil elemental cycles, while TWPs release highly toxic leachates such as carcinogens and heavy metals, which will persist in fauna. The risks posed by BMPs and TWPs may be underestimated, and more research is needed to understand their environmental behavior and impacts. Persistent gaps remain in standardized monitoring, comparative ecotoxicological studies, and long-term field assessments, underscoring the urgent need for integrated, system-level risk evaluation of different types of soil MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 127151"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of soil humic acids on the presence of PPCPs in reclaimed water","authors":"J.E. Conde-González ,&nbsp;Hernández Z ,&nbsp;Aguiar V ,&nbsp;Vera L ,&nbsp;Marrero MC ,&nbsp;Salvadó V ,&nbsp;Peña-Méndez EM","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multidisciplinary approach investigates the interaction between selected PPCPs with diversified physicochemical propertiesand humic acids (HAs) extracted from Elliot and volcanic soils in reclaimed water (RW). Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals significant differences between the two HAs and how these differences affect PPCP-HA interaction which are characterized by UV spectroscopy. The sorption of PPCPs on either IHSS HA or CAN HA fit a pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction in RW, indicating that the adsorption rate was controlled by the diffusion of the PPCP, followed by adsorption on the HA surface. The sorption of each individual PPCP on both HAs was characterized by applying sorption isotherm models, showing that chemisorption is involved. Moreover, the simultaneous PPCP-HA interactions between the selected PPCPs and both HAs in RW (at different pHs) fitted Freundlich's model (R² &gt; 0.9890), where, K_F values are 0.0003 and 0.085 for simultaneous adsorption on IHSS HA and CAN HA, respectively. The greater K_F value obtained for CAN HA suggests that the simultaneous PPCP adsorption is more favourable in this HA than in IHSS HA. Meanwhile, coexisting Ca²⁺ (&gt;50 mM) in RW could inhibit the PPCP–HA interaction due to the aggregation of HAs. This study highlights the importance of the HA origin in the interaction with PPCPs in RW, which can affect the fate and transport of these pollutants and the associated environmental risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 127163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory characterization of VOC evaporative emissions from light-duty plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: Environmental impact comparison with conventional vehicles","authors":"Ling Li, Rui Yuan, Wei Hu, Hualong Xu, Pingjiang Lv, Qin Xu, Jun Wang, Xue Jiang, Jianxun Tan, Jianli Yin, Zhenliang Li, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127176","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are effective in reducing fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions. However, a comprehensive understanding of their contribution to evaporative emissions, including the nature of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released and their subsequent environmental benefits, is lacking. To fill this gap, evaporative emission tests were performed on light-duty PHEVs using the variable temperature sealed housing evaporative determination (VT-SHED) method. This investigation characterized VOC evaporative emission factors (EFs), source profiles, and atmospheric reactivity across various operating conditions. These findings were then compared against conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) adhering to the same China VI emission standards, allowing for an assessment of VOC evaporative emission reductions and the overall environmental advantages provided by PHEVs. Key findings indicate that PHEVs generated total VOC (TVOC) EFs of 0.07 ± 0.04 g/h for hot soak loss (HSL) and 0.03 ± 0.01 g/d for diurnal breathing loss (DBL). In both HSL and DBL procedures, light hydrocarbons (C₂, C₄, and C₅ species) with high saturation pressures were the dominant VOC contributors. Furthermore, the OH loss rate (L_OH) and secondary pollution potential of vehicle VOC emissions exhibited an exponential increase with elevated evaporation temperature and prolonged duration. These results demonstrate that a single PHEV annually reduced TVOC emissions by 54.44% when compared to ICEVs. The evaporative control system in PHEVs successfully reduced aromatic hydrocarbon emissions, resulting in a 66.08% decrease in ozone formation potential (OFP) and a 93.85% decrease in secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP). Importantly, a key difference is observed when PHEVs operate in electric mode for extended periods, during which their VOC emissions may considerably exceed those of ICEVs. This highlights an important yet often overlooked aspect of their emission behavior. These results advance our understanding of PHEVs’ emission profiles and inform future vehicle design strategies and environmental policy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Uncertainties in Chinese NH3 Emissions on PM2.5 Concentrations over Mainland China and Downwind Regions","authors":"Hyeonsik Choe, Chae-Yeong Yang, Yunsoo Choi, Jincheol Park, Dongjin Kim, Jeonghyeok Moon, Min Heo, Jaehyeong Park, Cheol-Hee Kim, Wonbae Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127159","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainties in ammonia (NH₃) emissions can influence ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations through atmospheric chemical reactions. In this study, we performed numerical simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to assess how uncertainties in Chinese NH₃ emissions affect PM_2.5 concentrations over mainland China and its downwind regions. We designed perturbation scenarios for spring and summer 2019 by increasing NH₃ emissions by 75.7%, reflecting values reported in previous studies. Although the emission increase was larger in summer (2.00 moles/s) than in spring (1.05 moles/s), PM_2.5 concentration changes were more pronounced in spring (2.54 μg/m³) than in summer (1.99 μg/m³). The greater PM_2.5 response in spring is attributed to the nitrate (NO₃^-) production–loss mechanism (NH₃ + HNO₃ ⇌ NH₄⁺ + NO₃^-). Despite the larger increase in NH₃ emissions during summer, the net rise in NO₃^- was lower than in spring because the dominant NO₃^- decomposition rate of −1.229 μg/m³/h under higher temperatures offset production. Concurrently, seasonal shifts in synoptic wind patterns were found to significantly modulate downwind PM_2.5 concentration variations attributable to emission heterogeneity. Springtime atmospheric circulation facilitated efficient transboundary transport of NO₃^- towards the Korean Peninsula, consequently elevating PM_2.5 concentrations in downwind Seoul by 3.07 μg/m³, surpassing the 2.75 μg/m³ increase observed in upwind Beijing. In stark contrast, summertime circulation impeded NO₃^- advection, resulting in a mere 0.15 μg/m³ PM_2.5 change in Seoul compared to 2.42 μg/m³ in Beijing. These findings underscore that variations in NH₃ emissions from China can profoundly influence regional PM_2.5 levels, and that meteorological conditions, particularly wind patterns, play a pivotal role in dictating East Asian air quality.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}