AnglophoniaPub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.4000/anglophonia.2157
Paolo Mairano, E. Zovato, Vito Quinci
{"title":"On the relation between lexical and prosodic cues of emotion in English: a preliminary corpus-based analysis","authors":"Paolo Mairano, E. Zovato, Vito Quinci","doi":"10.4000/anglophonia.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.2157","url":null,"abstract":"De nombreuses etudes ont montre que la parole emotionnelle est caracterisee par des indices sur plusieurs niveaux linguistiques. Dans cet article, nous analysons la relation entre les indices lexicaux et prosodiques des emotions en anglais dans les enregistrements de livres audios du corpus LibriSpeech. Afin de quantifier les indices lexicaux des emotions, nous avons utilise les outils d’analyse des sentiments disponibles dans la librairie Python NLTK (notamment Vader et SentiWordNet). En revanche, pour la quantification des indices prosodiques des emotions, nous avons extrait plusieurs parametres acoustiques indiquant les variations de la frequence fondamentale, de la qualite de la voix et du rythme. La relation entre indices lexicaux et prosodiques a ete ensuite analysee a travers des modeles lineaires a effets mixtes, qui ont revele des effets faibles mais significatifs. En particulier, seules les variations de F0 sembleraient liees a la valence des phrases et des mots, alors que les variations de F0, du rythme et de la qualite de la voix sembleraient liees au degre de positivite / negativite des phrases et des mots. Cependant, nos modeles n'expliquent qu'une faible part de variance des donnees. Nous estimons donc que la relation entre les indices lexicaux et prosodiques dans les enregistrements de livres audios existe mais est plutot faible. Il est possible que cette observation puisse s’appliquer de maniere plus generale aux cas de conceptualisation ou description des emotions pour lesquelles le locuteur ne se sent pas directement implique. En revanche, il est possible que la relation entre les indices lexicaux et prosodiques s’avere plus etroite dans les cas d’expression des emotions ou le locuteur se sentirait plus directement implique. De toute maniere, nos resultats ne doivent etre consideres que comme preliminaires, etant donne les limites d'une analyse entierement automatique.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85103556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/anglophonia.1859
V. Arigne, Henri Le Prieult
{"title":"Éditorial","authors":"V. Arigne, Henri Le Prieult","doi":"10.4000/anglophonia.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.1859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84634052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1681
P. Haas, Anne Jugnet
{"title":"La gradabilité nominale en anglais et en français","authors":"P. Haas, Anne Jugnet","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1681","url":null,"abstract":"Dans cet article, nous proposons de decrire la notion de gradabilite des noms en anglais et en francais. Apres etre revenues sur les differentes conceptions de la gradabilite nominale dans la litterature, nous la decrirons d’un point de vue lexical. Trois classes de noms peuvent etre gradables : les noms intensifs statifs (cleverness / intelligence), les noms evaluatifs (idiot / idiot) et les noms intensifs dynamiques (modernization / modernisation). La comparaison entre anglais et francais montre que, en depit de quelques decalages, la gradabilite nominale fonctionne en grande partie de la meme maniere dans les deux langues.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77969865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1722
Manon Philippe
{"title":"“The Scottish novelist William Black”: Close Appositions and the Modification of Proper Names","authors":"Manon Philippe","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1722","url":null,"abstract":"Within the category of nouns, proper nouns have regularly been regarded as alienated from the typical, common nouns and this results in them being given an often-unjustified linguistic special treatment. One example of this isolating process is the analysis of the syntactic form [DET + (common) nominal + Proper Noun] as a case of close apposition (CA), an unnecessary label for a form that otherwise illustrates a kind of nominal modification. This paper presents three main CA types – namely titles, pseudo-titles and prototypical appositions – and then questions this classification as well as the relevance of ordering these forms along a gradient from modification to “pure” apposition (as presented by Meyer (1992)). Studying the pragmatic values of these CA types – old vs. new information, thematic vs. rhematic elements, contrastive and metalinguistic uses, descriptive identification – then paves the way for a comparison between these forms and their analysis as a single modified NP.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85256716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1775
O. Simonin
{"title":"The mirative and scalar meaning of even","authors":"O. Simonin","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1775","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis I develop here draws on the concept of mirativity (DeLancey 1987) and on Kay’s (1990) insight into the scalar nature of even. I show that even calls for the reconstruction of an implicit scale, on which the element highlighted by this adverbial marker stands out as the most (or more) surprising in the set considered. This non-referential, non-propositional meaning of even is likely to trigger a series of inferences, whose status is duly discussed, and to strengthen or weaken other derived assumptions, and even to guide their derivation itself.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89823856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1639
Laure Gardelle
{"title":"Foliage est-il à leaves ce que jewellery est à jewels ? Etude de rapports entre dénombrables au pluriel et indénombrables singuliers","authors":"Laure Gardelle","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1639","url":null,"abstract":"Les recherches sur les noms qui denotent des pluralites d’unites ont isole les noms d’agregats heterogenes (ainsi jewellery ou furniture). Le present article cherche a etablir s’il faut egalement considerer comme « noms d’agregats » des cas passes sous silence tels que foliage, c’est-a-dire des noms au fonctionnement indenombrable eux aussi, mais qui ne s’appliquent pas a des unites heterogenes, et ne sont donc pas hyperonymiques (au moins dans leur sens central). \u0000L’etude conclut que l’heterogeneite n’est pas un trait definitoire des noms d’agregats, et qu’il faut y inclure les noms de type foliage. Comme les autres indenombrables etudies ici, ils presentent une conceptualisation qui fait des unites des parties d’un tout (a la difference des « regroupements » operes par les N + ‑s, qui denotent des unites redupliquees, dont on peut constater les differences, et dont on peut acceder aux parties), et different des « collectifs », denombrables, en ce qu’ils ne permettent pas d’attribuer une propriete distributive au tout (heart-shaped foliage / jewellery ne peut par exemple s’appliquer qu’aux feuilles et bijoux individuels). Comme les noms d’agregats heterogenes, les noms de type foliage trouvent leur raison d’etre dans la mise en avant d’une fonctionnalite commune, au detriment des individualites. \u0000Les noms de type foliage presentent une grande difference avec les noms d’agregats heterogenes, au-dela de l’absence d’heterogeneite : les unites sont conceptualisees comme etant fixees a un support (typiquement, une ou des branche(s) pour foliage). Ceci explique que a piece of foliage ne puisse designer une feuille, alors que a piece of jewellery designe un bijou. Mais la encore, on conclut que cette difference ne remet pas en cause l’appartenance des noms de type foliage a la classe des noms d’agregats ; de la meme maniere, la classe des noms collectifs montre une grande diversite de comportements et de conceptualisations.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1821
Romain Delhem
{"title":"Prépositions, adverbes et conjonctions en anglais : pour une redéfinition des classes lexicales","authors":"Romain Delhem","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1821","url":null,"abstract":"Les prepositions sont traditionnellement decrites comme des mots invariables qui introduisent un complement nominal et le relient a un autre mot. Cette definition est mise a mal par les possibilites de complementation tres variees que les prepositions manifestent, ouvrant ainsi la voie a une redefinition des limites de cette classe. Nous montrons que les classes lexicales sont avant tout un outil de facilitation de la description grammaticale et non une realite objective. Nous optons ensuite pour une analyse unifiee des unites after, before et since en anglais, dont la partition en differentes classes ne s’appuie que sur leur complementation. Par analogie, nous montrons que certaines unites generalement classees comme des adverbes ainsi que certaines conjonctions de subordination peuvent etre regroupees avec les prepositions au sein de la meme categorie. Cela permet de prendre en compte les similitudes qu’elles manifestent dans leur comportement syntaxique et leur semantisme.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83625289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1377
Adam P. Wilson
{"title":"International tourism and (linguistic) accommodation: Convergence towards and through English in tourist information interactions","authors":"Adam P. Wilson","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1377","url":null,"abstract":"International tourism continues to grow and diversify exponentially, creating situations of intense language contact and giving rise to unexpected sociolinguistic dynamics and phenomena. In order to ensure successful communication and counteract the challenges linked to these dynamics, speakers in tourist contexts must be able to adapt in order to accommodate to their interlocutors. Based on ethnographic and interactional data taken from a fieldwork project, the aim of this article is to explore the manifestations of accommodation in face-to-face interactions between international tourists and tourism professionals in the Tourist Office of Marseille, France. Taking Communication Accommodation Theory (Giles, Coupland & Coupland 1991) as its main conceptual basis, this article shows how English is at the heart of two key processes of accommodation. Firstly, speakers converge towards English as a main language of interaction. Secondly, speakers accommodate to each other through one-off uses of English in side sequences and pragmatic reformulation strategies in order to repair or prevent communicative difficulties. Following this, the dynamics that underpin these accommodation processes are explored and the repercussions of accommodation are discussed, both in terms of interpersonal relationships and wider social dynamics. The analyses presented here show that converging towards and accommodating through English allow speakers to establish, protect and recover “common ground” (Stalnaker 2002), overcome communicative problems and co-construct understanding. Finally, language ideology is shown to be a key factor in the dynamics underlying processes of accommodation in this particular context.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86581897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1314
Laurent Rouveyrol
{"title":"De l’accommodation divergente à la « non-accommodation » dans le débat politique Question Time : essai de modélisation","authors":"Laurent Rouveyrol","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1314","url":null,"abstract":"Cette etude s’inscrit dans la continuite de nos travaux sur l’accommodation (Rouveyrol 2017). La presente etude se donne pour ambition de borner le concept et de determiner le seuil marquant le passage vers la non-accommodation. Nous prenons appui sur les ecrits de Piaget ainsi que sur les analystes de discours ayant etendu la notion a l’interaction verbale. Le cadre d’analyse utilise est celui de l’approche developpee par Vion pour l’analyse des interactions verbales. La confrontation des concepts avec le corpus montre que le mode enonciatif de l’opposition joue un role essentiel dans le phenomene ; particulierement si on tente de le rendre graduel en le correlant a une echelle taxemique. L’analyse montre que le phenomene de non-accommodation est declenche par un taxeme constituant un deni de parole. Ces enonces ont pour effet d’agir au niveau modulaire et de clore un instant interactionnel correspondant a un sous-type generique (comme la polemique) coherent avec le macro-genre debat. La non-accommodation est donc un phenomene essentiellement diaphonique et a priori pragmatique puisque les journalistes, regulateurs des debats, produisent un certain nombre de tels enonces de facon, entre autres, a gerer les modules thematiques qui constituent le debat.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82053370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AnglophoniaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1491
Misha-Laura Müller
{"title":"Accommodation: a cognitive heuristic for background information","authors":"Misha-Laura Müller","doi":"10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ANGLOPHONIA.1491","url":null,"abstract":"Presuppositions are usually defined as a linguistic means to convey background information, which require very little cognitive effort to be interpreted (Sperber & Wilson [1986] 1995: 706). As for the accommodation of presupposition, it is defined as a process by which the listener updates – also at minimal costs – the presupposed information whenever it is not mutually shared. Accommodation is generally considered to be a voluntary process (cf. von Fintel 2000), which may be inhibited when information is problematic or contradicts the listener’s prior beliefs.The aim of this paper is to challenge the idea that accommodation operates only on traditional presuppositional triggers (Beaver 2001). Furthermore, I argue against the claim that this process is autonomous and always under voluntary control. To do so, I first show how traditional triggers form a heterogeneous class that is difficult to capture in terms of attention requirements and cognitive costs (see Domaneschi et al. 2014). I then present discursive presuppositions (de Saussure 2013) and underline their similarities with semantic presuppositions. I show to what extent accommodation is likely to be a process dedicated to both semantic and discursive presuppositions. Finally, I argue that accommodation can be viewed as a cognitive heuristic for background information, involving minimal attention. Such an approach should allow to explain why presupposition accommodation is likely to bypass the listener’s epistemic vigilance (Sperber et al. 2010), as evidenced by experiments in experimental psychology (Bredart & Modolo 1988; Reder & Kusbit 1991; Park & Reder 2004 inter alia).","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77544648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}