Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects","authors":"Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran ,&nbsp;Tanya Bhatt ,&nbsp;Su Hwan Park ,&nbsp;Muthuchamy Maruthupandy ,&nbsp;Minsik Kim ,&nbsp;Vartika Mathur ,&nbsp;Jong-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Min-Seok Kim ,&nbsp;Wan-Seob Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticides are used in household products with various dispersants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (PLE) to improve solubility. Although certain effects are expected, the combination effects of insecticides and dispersants remain elusive. Here, five different classes of insecticides (i.e., dinotefuran, fipronil, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, and etofenprox) were dispersed in water, PEG, and PLE, and their lung inflammation potential was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis 24 h after intratracheal instillation into the lungs of rats. All chemicals dispersed in water caused no inflammation. However, among the five chemicals dispersed in PEG and PLE, only hydramethylnon showed significant neutrophilic inflammation and hydramethylnon in PEG showed 4-fold higher inflammogenic potential than that in PLE. The <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxic potential of hydramethylnon in PEG was 10–17 fold (in A549) or 12–14 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that of hydramethylnon in PLE, and greater than 370 fold (in A549) or 65–169 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that in water. PEG toxicity increased due to the micellar formulation of hydramethylnon in PEG, increasing cellular uptake by simple diffusion. Therefore, the observed potentiation effect highlights that the combination effect of formulation of hydrophobic compounds with dispersants should be carefully evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure on pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review of experimental studies on non-human mammals” [Environ. Inter. 180 (2023) 108178]","authors":"Eugenia Cordelli ,&nbsp;Lucia Ardoino ,&nbsp;Barbara Benassi ,&nbsp;Claudia Consales ,&nbsp;Patrizia Eleuteri ,&nbsp;Carmela Marino ,&nbsp;Maurizio Sciortino ,&nbsp;Paola Villani ,&nbsp;Martin H. Brinkworth ,&nbsp;Guangdi Chen ,&nbsp;James P. McNamee ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Wood ,&nbsp;Lea Belackova ,&nbsp;Jos Verbeek ,&nbsp;Francesca Pacchierotti","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109273"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between PM2.5 components and poor ovarian response in assisted reproductive technology patients: A retrospective cohort study identifying sensitive exposure windows in China","authors":"Rui-Ling Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Yu-Ling Hu ,&nbsp;Xing-Yu Lv ,&nbsp;Quan-Zi Yao ,&nbsp;Jia-Liang He ,&nbsp;Li-Juan Fu ,&nbsp;Li-Hong Geng ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Zhong ,&nbsp;Yi-Jian Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu-Bin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental factors, particularly various components of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) (i.e., sulfate [SO₄^2-], nitrate [NO₃^-], ammonium [NH₄⁺], organic matter [OM] and black carbon [BC]), are increasingly recognized as potential risk factors for poor ovarian response (POR) in fertility treatments. However, existing research is limited, and the critical periods of vulnerability to exposure to PM_2.5 and its components remain unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 38,619 patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, defining POR as the primary outcome based on the POSEIDON criteria. We divided the six months prior to oocyte pick up (OPU) into different exposure windows and used logistic regression models to assess the association between pollutants and POR. Results showed that exposure to PM_2.5 and its components in the three months before OPU significantly increased the odds of POR. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) analysis revealed the lagged effects of PM_2.5 component exposure, particularly during lag weeks 2–5, where exposure was significantly associated with the occurrence of POR. This period may represent a sensitive window for exposure. Meanwhile, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated that the odds of POR gradually increased with higher pollutant concentrations. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health measures during sensitive stages of follicular development, particularly policies aimed at reducing environmental pollutant exposure among women of reproductive age to protect reproductive health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109321"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health effects of occupational exposure to jet fuels used in the military: A systematic review of the epidemiologic literature","authors":"Terra D. Vincent-Hall ,&nbsp;Justin G. Bergeron ,&nbsp;Sorina E. Eftim ,&nbsp;Alexander J. Lindahl ,&nbsp;Kate R. Weinberger ,&nbsp;Cary E. Haver ,&nbsp;Samantha J. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Jet fuels are a common chemical exposure in occupational settings involving aircraft. Jet fuels are heterogeneous mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as non-hydrocarbon performance additives. Several components of jet fuels have been linked to adverse health outcomes. The “Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxins Act of 2022” required the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to develop a report to Congress on the health effects of jet fuels used in the military.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This investigation assessed the epidemiologic evidence of the health effects associated with occupational exposure to jet fuels in military and non-military settings using robust and reproducible systematic review methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two scientific databases (PubMed and EBSCOhost), 17 gray literature sources and five review articles were searched for relevant, primary epidemiologic studies through May, 2024. Risk of bias and strength of evidence were evaluated according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment framework for systematic reviews and evidence synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including 18 studies in military settings and 10 studies in non-military occupational settings. It was determined that there was <em>slight</em> evidence of associations between jet fuel exposure and neurologic, cognitive and behavioral, respiratory, and cancer outcomes. For all other health outcome categories, the available evidence of jet fuels effect on humans was considered <em>indeterminate</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of epidemiologic evidence on the health effects of occupational jet fuel exposure. Available data were sparse for multiple health outcomes, and most studies tended to be of lower quality. Future work will include expanding the scope of the review to integrate toxicological and mechanistic evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109278"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protection of bisphenol A-modulated miRNAs and targets by natural products","authors":"Ya-Ting Chuang ,&nbsp;Ching-Yu Yen ,&nbsp;Wangta Liu ,&nbsp;Tsu-Ming Chien ,&nbsp;Fang-Rong Chang ,&nbsp;Yi-Hong Tsai ,&nbsp;Jen-Yang Tang ,&nbsp;Hsueh-Wei Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with endocrine-disrupting functions. Identifying protective drugs and exploring the mechanisms against BPA are crucial in healthcare. Natural products exhibiting antioxidant properties are considered to be able to protect against BPA toxicity. Although BPA-modulated targets and miRNAs have been individually reported, their connections to natural products were rarely organized. With the help of a protein–protein interaction database (STRING), the relationship between individual BPA-modulated targets was interconnected to provide a systemic view. In this review, BPA-downregulated and -upregulated targets are classified, and their interactive network was innovatively analyzed using the bioinformatic database (STRING). BPA-modulated miRNAs were also retrieved and ingeniously connected to BPA-modulated targets. Moreover, a novel connection between BPA-countering natural products was integrated into BPA-modulated miRNAs and targets. All these targets-associated natural products and/or miRNAs were incorporated into the STRING network, providing systemic relationships. Overall, the BPA-modulated target–miRNA-protecting natural product axis was innovatively constructed, providing a straightforward direction for exploring the integrated BPA-countering effects and mechanisms of natural products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109299"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary concentrations of arsenic species in older Dutch adults and risk of chronic kidney disease","authors":"Hannah P. McKeon ,&nbsp;Weiluan Chen ,&nbsp;Jan Dirk te Biesebeek ,&nbsp;Nanette G. Vrijenhoek ,&nbsp;Jacqueline J.M. Castenmiller ,&nbsp;Marcel J.B. Mengelers","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) is associated with various cancers and nephrotoxicity. It occurs in different chemical forms which vary in toxicological potential. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is used to measure internal (all-route) exposure to different As species. To assess the risk of internal As exposure, toxic relevant arsenic (TRA) (sum of arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), and their methylation metabolites, monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA)) in urine should be used.</div><div>Morning urine samples of 288 Dutch adults (aged 52–91 years) were analysed for As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, arsenobetaine (AsB) and total As using ICP-MS. The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related to TRA exposure in participants was assessed. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of inorganic As (iAs) was calculated for each participant using food consumption and occurrence data, and the correlation between EDIs and urinary TRA concentrations was investigated.</div><div>The detection frequency of the individual As species in urine was high (59–100 %). The median and 95th percentile concentrations (middle bound) were 0.24 and 0.77 µg As(III)/g creatinine, 0.12 and 0.74 µg As(V)/g creatinine, 0.96 and 2.54 µg MMA/g creatinine, 8.09 and 63.82 µg DMA/g creatinine and 8.69 and 166.15 µg AsB/g creatinine, respectively. For total As, the detection frequency was 93 %, with median and 95th percentile concentrations of 10.96 and 131.53 µg/g creatinine, respectively. For calculated TRA, the median and 95th percentile concentrations were 5.75 and 35.53 µg/g creatinine, with DMA being the major contributor (85 %). A human biomonitoring-toxicological value (HBM-TV) of 13.7 µg TRA/g creatinine in urine was derived to assess the risk of CKD, and the risk could not be excluded in approximately 11 % of participants. A weak positive association was found between participants’ iAs EDIs and urinary TRA concentrations (ρ = 0.16–0.24).</div><div>This study has generated novel concentration data of As species in morning urine samples of older Dutch adults. The risk assessment results indicate potential concern based on the current exposure in this group of participants. Such findings could be confirmed in a more comprehensive study with a larger and more geographically diverse group of Dutch adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109289"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pharmacological view on accounting for pharmacokinetic factors in the estimation of pharmaceutical emissions based on drug usage data","authors":"Frank Klont ,&nbsp;J. Stein Bellinga ,&nbsp;Valentina Giunchi ,&nbsp;Spyros Balafas ,&nbsp;Eelko Hak","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109312"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to residential air pollution and the development of functional connectivity of brain networks throughout adolescence","authors":"Michelle S.W. Kusters ,&nbsp;Laura Granés ,&nbsp;Sami Petricola ,&nbsp;Henning Tiemeier ,&nbsp;Ryan L. Muetzel ,&nbsp;Mònica Guxens","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A few studies linked air pollution to differences in functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks in children, but how air pollution exposure affects the development of brain networks remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the association of air pollution exposure from birth to 3 years and one year before the first imaging assessment with the development of functional connectivity across adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized data from 3,626 children of the Generation R Study (The Netherlands). We estimated residential exposure to PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM_2.5 absorbance, NO_X, and NO₂ with land-use regression models. Between- and within-network functional connectivity was calculated for 13 cortical networks, and the amygdala, hippocampus, and caudate nucleus at two assessments (8.6–12.0 and 12.6–17.1 years), resulting in 4,628 scans (2,511 for assessment 1 and 2,117 for assessment 2) from 3,626 individuals. We investigated the association between air pollution and functional connectivity with linear mixed models adjusted for life-style and socioeconomic variables, and corrected for multiple testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher exposure to PM_2.5 from birth to 3 years was associated with persistently lower functional connectivity over time between the amygdala and the ventral attention, somatomotor hand, and auditory networks throughout adolescence (e.g. −0.027 functional connectivity [95 % CI −0.040; −0.013] amygdala – ventral attention network per 5 μg/m³ <!-->higher PM_2.5). Higher exposure to PM₁₀ one year before the first imaging assessment was associated with persistently lower functional connectivity between the salience and medial-parietal networks throughout adolescence. Air pollution was not associated with a faster or slower change in functional connectivity with age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Air pollution exposure early in life was associated with persistent alterations in connectivity between the amygdala and cortical networks involved in attention, somatomotor, and auditory function. Concurrent exposure was associated with persistent connectivity alterations between networks related to higher cognitive functions (i.e. the salience and medial-parietal networks).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109245"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From collective to individual radon risk exposure: An insight into the current European regulation","authors":"Eleonora Benà ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ciotoli ,&nbsp;Peter Bossew ,&nbsp;Luca Verdi ,&nbsp;Claudio Mazzoli ,&nbsp;Raffaele Sassi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (²²²Rn) is a radioactive gas with well-documented harmful effects; the World Health Organization has confirmed it as a cancerogenic for humans. These detrimental effects have prompted Europe to establish national reference levels to protect the exposed population. This is reflected in European directive 59/2013/EURATOM, which has been transposed into the national regulations of EU Member States. Specifically, the directive requires the identification of Radon Priority Areas to facilitate remediation in regions with high Rn levels. The regulation also includes measures for radiation protection, aiming to safeguard the population collectively and individuals from Rn exposure. These two requirements can be conceptualised and translated into two complementary concepts: collective and individual risk. This work addresses the lack of a standardised methodology at the European level for defining radon (Rn) risk across regions. It provides the first approach to transitioning from collective to individual risk areas (CRAs to IRAs), offering clear insights into the application of European Rn protection regulations. Key challenges have been addressed, including geo-hazard mapping without a response variable, evaluating the performance of Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, and assessing the use and representativeness of available indoor Rn data to support individual risk assessment. The study also explores the optimal scale for delineating Radon Priority Areas. The effectiveness of this novel approach, which incorporates both collective and individual risk factors in accordance with European regulations, has been tested in a case study in the Bolzano province (north-eastern Italy).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109264"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal exposure to legacy PFAS compounds PFOA and PFOS is associated with disrupted cytokine homeostasis in neonates: The Upstate KIDS study (2008–2010)","authors":"Laura E. Jones ,&nbsp;Akhgar Ghassabian ,&nbsp;Edwina Yeung ,&nbsp;Pauline Mendola ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan ,&nbsp;Erin M. Bell","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing concern that exposure to per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent chemicals used widely to make consumer products water- or grease-proof, may alter immune function, leading to reduced vaccine response or greater susceptibility to infections. We investigated associations between two legacy PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) and infant cytokine levels measured in newborn dried bloodspots (NDBS) from a large population-based birth cohort in Upstate New York, to determine whether exposure to legacy PFAS is associated with variability in cytokine profiles in newborns. We performed adjusted mixed effects regressions for each cytokine against PFOS and PFOA followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on specific cytokine subsets selected via the prior regressions. Among 3448 neonates (2280 singletons and 1168 twins), significant cytokines were dominated by cytokines negatively associated with the given PFAS. Adjusted single-pollutant models with continuous log-transformed PFOA showed significant negative associations with IL-16 (−0.07, 95% CI: −0.3, −0.1), IL-5 (−0.05, 95%CI: −0.09, −0.02), IL-6 (−0.06, 95%CI: −0.1, −0.02), 6-Ckine (0.06, 95% CI: −0.10, −0.02) and significant positive associations with IL-1α (0.066, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.11), MCP-1 (0.06, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.10). Estimates for PFOS were slightly larger than estimates for PFOA but only significant for 6-Ckine (−0.21, 95%CI: −0.09, −0.33) after correction for multiplicity. Our data consistently suggest that legacy PFAS exposures are associated with disrupted, typically reduced, cytokine levels in neonates, with PFOA exposure resulting in more significant differences in individual cytokines and cytokine groupings than PFOS. Regression by PFAS quartile shows evidence of nonlinear dose–response relationships for most cytokines and cytokine groupings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109288"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}