Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Identification and prioritisation of biomarkers of organophosphorus compounds-induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Antonio F. Hernández ,&nbsp;Marina Lacasaña ,&nbsp;Helena Garcia-Cortés ,&nbsp;Mariana F. Fernández ,&nbsp;Beatriz Gozález-Alzaga","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), a diverse group of chemicals widely utilised as pesticides and flame retardants, pose significant neurotoxic risks, even during neurodevelopment. While their primary molecular and cellular targets are well characterised, growing evidence suggest additional mechanisms, particularly in developmental neurotoxicity. Despite extensive research, predictive biomarkers of OPC-induced neurotoxicity beyond acetylcholinesterase remain underexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro evidence to identify and prioritise biomarkers associated with OPC-induced neurotoxicity. Findings highlight the critical roles of non-cholinergic mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications. Biomarkers were categorised based on their biological function, mechanistic relevance, and feasibility for early, non-invasive detection. Current research efforts focus on validating sensitive and reliable biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring nervous system damage and severity. Growing attention is being directed toward non-invasive biomarkers that correlate with behavioural, neuropathological, and imaging outcomes. This review addresses two main aspects. The first provides an overview of established and emerging biomarkers for assessing neurotoxicity in the general population and in individuals occupationally exposed to OPC. The second evaluates molecular biomarkers prioritised based on scientific robustness, clinical relevance, and regulatory applicability. A structured ranking of biomarkers across different levels of biological organisation is proposed to enhance mechanistic understanding and improve risk assessment. This study underscores the need for a standardised biomarker framework for neurotoxicity risk assessment and regulatory decision-making. Implementing these biomarkers in biomonitoring for predictive purposes will facilitate early detection and prevention strategies, ultimately mitigating neurotoxic effects in exposed individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109446"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle exposure to differentially charged polystyrene nanoplastics leads to gender-specific particle accumulation and neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Miaomiao Teng ,&nbsp;Yunxia Li ,&nbsp;Lihui Zhao ,&nbsp;Jason C. White ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Sun ,&nbsp;Zixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Fengchang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) have been widely detected in freshwater environments and photodegradation, as well as physical and chemical breakdown, lead to different surface charges on the plastics. Although evidence in the literature highlights the importance of NPs surface charge to neurotoxicity, substantial gaps in mechanistic understanding remain. In the current study, zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) were exposed to differentially charged NPs (PS, PS-NH₂, PS-COOH) at environmentally relevant concentration (10 μg/L). After full life cycle exposure, the potential neurotoxicity, brain damage, and the altered brain metabolism was investigated through light sheet microscopy 3-dimensional imaging, histopathology, Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation, gene expression, and untargeted and targeted metabolomics of brain tissue in zebrafish. Exposure to PS, PS-NH₂, PS-COOH caused adverse effects on the performance of neurobehaviors, blood–brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, amino acid metabolism, damage to the BBB and mitochondria, and overt inflammatory response. PS-NH₂ (4.56-fold) and PS-COOH (3.59-fold) accumulated in the reticular formation (RF) of the male brain, while only PS-NH₂ was detected in the RF (6.57-fold) and ventral hypothalamus (Hv) (3.08-fold) of female brains. Several important biological pathways were negatively impacted in a charge- and gender-specific fashion. This study provides novel insights into the underlying toxicity mechanisms of differentially charged NPs in a model aquatic species, as well as the associated environmental risks of this important group of emerging contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109441"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to pesticides is correlated with gut microbiota alterations in a farmland raptor","authors":"Léa Bariod ,&nbsp;Elva Fuentes ,&nbsp;Maurice Millet ,&nbsp;Joël White ,&nbsp;Samuel Jacquiod ,&nbsp;Jérôme Moreau ,&nbsp;Monceau Karine","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota is crucial for host health and can be impacted by various environmental disruptions, yet the effects of multiple pesticide exposures on farmland organisms’ microbiomes remain largely unexplored. We assessed microbiota changes in a wild apex predator exposed to multiple pesticides in agricultural landscapes. Pesticides, including acetochlor and quinoxyfen, which are supposed to be banned, were significantly positively correlated with certain key bacteria from Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes. Our results light up the potential collateral effect of pesticides on gut bacterial assemblages through unknown mechanisms. These effects could result in dysbiosis and the promotion of potential pathogens and/or the selection of bacteria that might allow the organism to detoxify the organism. Although formal metagenomic analyses would be required soon, these microbial shifts underline the broader ecological consequences of pesticide exposure, emphasising the need for integrated biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management to protect environmental and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109436"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on developmental delays in 4-year-old children: The Japan Environment and children’s study","authors":"Mariko Itoh ,&nbsp;Sumitaka Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Hiroyoshi Iwata ,&nbsp;Yu AitBamai ,&nbsp;Rahel Mesfin Ketema ,&nbsp;Takeshi Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Keiko Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Naomi Tamura ,&nbsp;Maki Tojo ,&nbsp;Satoshi Suyama ,&nbsp;Sachiko Itoh ,&nbsp;Chihiro Miyashita ,&nbsp;Yasuaki Saijo ,&nbsp;Yoshiya Ito ,&nbsp;Shoji F. Nakayama ,&nbsp;Michihiro Kamijima ,&nbsp;Reiko Kishi ,&nbsp;the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have raised global concern due to their adverse effects on children’s development, the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and the achievement of developmental milestones in preschool children remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the individual and cumulative associations between prenatal PFAS and developmental delay in 4-year-old children. We used data from 15,131 mothers (15,175 children) in the Japan Environment and Children Study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide prospective birth cohort. Among 28 PFAS measured in maternal plasma, eight with detection frequencies ≥ 60 % were analyzed. Developmental delays were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (JASQ-3), a self-administered screening tool, with suspicion of developmental delay indicated by total scores falling below the Japanese version cutoffs for the five JASQ-3 domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and quantile g-computation were applied. Findings revealed that these eight PFAS were not significantly associated with higher odds of developmental delay across any JASQ-3 domain, nor did their combined effects. However, the effects of PFAS substances not measured in this study and the impact of continued postnatal exposure to PFAS on developmental delays remain a concern. Continuous investigation of the effects of PFAS on development throughout the lifespan is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109434"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenspace and depression incidence in the US-based nationwide Nurses' Health Study II: A deep learning analysis of street-view imagery","authors":"Li Yi ,&nbsp;Jaime E. Hart ,&nbsp;Charlotte Roscoe ,&nbsp;Unnati V. Mehta ,&nbsp;Marcia Pescador Jimenez ,&nbsp;Pi-I Debby Lin ,&nbsp;Esra Suel ,&nbsp;Perry Hystad ,&nbsp;Steve Hankey ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Olivia I. Okereke ,&nbsp;Francine Laden ,&nbsp;Peter James","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Greenspace exposure is associated with lower depression risk. However, most studies have measured greenspace exposure using satellite-based vegetation indices, leading to potential exposure misclassification and limited policy relevance. We examined the association of street-view greenspace measures with incident depression in a prospective cohort of US women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied deep learning segmentation models to 350 million US street-view images nationwide (2007–2020) to derive ground-level greenspace metrics, including percentage of trees, grass, and other greenspace (plants/flowers/fields), and linked metrics to Nurses’ Health Study II participants’ residences (N = 33,490) within 500 m each year. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the relationship between street-view greenspace metrics and incident depression, assessed through self-report of clinician-diagnosed depression or regular antidepressant use and adjusted for individual- and area-level factors.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In adjusted models, higher percentages of street-view trees were inversely associated with incident depression (HR per IQR, 0.98; 95%CI: 0.94–1.01) and specifically clinician-diagnosed depression (HR per IQR, 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90–0.99). Higher percentages of street-view grass were also inversely associated with incident depression, but only in areas with low particulate matter (PM_2.5) levels (HR per IQR, 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71–0.86). Results were consistent after adjusting for additional spatial and behavioral factors, and persisted after adjusting for traditional satellite-based vegetation indices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3><div>We observed participants who lived in areas with more trees visible in street-view images had a lower risk of depression. Our findings suggest tree-planting interventions may reduce depression risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109429"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High spatial resolution environmental noise assessment and its associations with risks of cardiovascular diseases based on digital healthcare data in China","authors":"Jiawei Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Jin ,&nbsp;Yingning Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Shen ,&nbsp;Yexiang Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinbiao Guo ,&nbsp;Haijun Wang ,&nbsp;Guoxing Li ,&nbsp;Liming Shui ,&nbsp;Jing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental noise pollution is increasing, while risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with environmental noise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still remain under-recognized. In this study, we utilized land-use regression (LUR) models at high spatial resolution to assess environmental noise and linked the exposure to digital healthcare data from the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform (YRHIP) in China to assess the associations of environmental noise with risks of CVD. Among 533,512 participants, mean (SD) age was 53.66 (15.52) years with females constituting 52.8 %. The mean environmental noise level was 59.34 dB[A]. A total of 177,111 (33.20 %), 18,030 (3.38 %), 15,912 (2.98 %), 9,601 (1.80 %), and 161,889 (30.34 %) participants were diagnosed with CVD, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases (IHD), stroke, and hypertension, respectively. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models incorporating community as a random-effect term were used to evaluate associations of environmental noise with the prevalent risk of CVD and its major subtypes. Individual covariates (age, sex, marital status, education, lifestyles), area-level covariates (urbanicity, population density, GDP), and PM_2.5 were adjusted. We observed positive associations between residential environmental noise exposure and CVD (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.06, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.09 per 5 dB[A]), IHD (PR 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.21 per 5 dB[A]), and hypertension (PR 1.06, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.09 per 5 dB[A]), while no association was found for cerebrovascular diseases (PR 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.96–1.07 per 5 dB[A]) and stroke (PR 0.97, 95 % CI: 0.92–1.03 per 5 dB[A]). The risks of CVD and hypertension associated with environmental noise were higher among males and in the 50–60 years age group (<em>P</em> for interaction &lt; 0.001). The associations between environmental noise and IHD were stronger in the ≥ 70 age group and among the participants with lower education levels (<em>P</em> for interaction &lt; 0.05). The study fills the gap of knowledge about the associations between environmental noise, estimated using high spatial resolution LUR models, and CVD prevalent risk in LMICs. The evidence would provide significant implications for policy-making in terms of alleviating the surging disease burden of CVD related to environmental noise in LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109408"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and nanoplastics co-exposure modulates chromium bioaccumulation and physiological responses in rats","authors":"Damir Suljević ,&nbsp;Patrik Karlsson ,&nbsp;Muhamed Fočak ,&nbsp;Maja Mitrašinović Brulić ,&nbsp;Jasmina Sulejmanović ,&nbsp;Elma Šehović ,&nbsp;Eva Särndahl ,&nbsp;Magnus Engwall ,&nbsp;Andi Alijagic","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental fragmentation of plastics generates a mixture of plastic particles of various sizes, which frequently co-occur with other mobile and persistent environmental pollutants. Despite the prevalence of such scenarios, the interaction between micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and their combined effects with environmental pollutants, such as highly toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), remain almost entirely unexplored in mammalian species. This study demonstrated that nanoplastic and microplastic particles co-aggregate and together influence Cr bioaccumulation patterns and related physiological alterations in rats. Following a four-week repeated intragastric exposure of Wistar rats to MNPs and Cr(VI), either alone or in combination, MNPs significantly enhanced Cr bioaccumulation in the liver, heart, brain, and skin. Under co-exposure conditions, Cr(VI) was the primary driver of cellular effects observed in the blood, including shifts in immune cell subpopulations (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes) and alterations in red blood cell indices, while serum biochemistry reflected limited physiological stress. MNPs <em>per se</em> decreased creatine kinase activity and increased cholesterol levels. In summary, polystyrene MNPs increase Cr(VI) distribution and bioavailability, but co-exposure does not uniformly exacerbate toxicity. Instead, their interaction may selectively alter physiological responses, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of their combined effects and potential health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109421"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quanta emission rate during speaking and coughing mediated by indoor temperature and humidity","authors":"Vitor Lavor ,&nbsp;Jianjian Wei ,&nbsp;Omduth Coceal ,&nbsp;Sue Grimmond ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In epidemiological prospective modelling, assessing the hypothetical infectious quanta emission rate (<em>E_q</em>) is critical for estimating airborne infection risk. Existing <em>E_q</em> models overlook environmental factors such as indoor relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T), despite their importance to droplet evaporation dynamics. Here we include these environmental factors in a prospective <em>E_q</em> model based on the airborne probability functions with emitted droplet distribution for speaking and coughing activities. Our results show relative humidity and temperature have substantial influence on <em>E_q</em>. Drier environments exhibit a notable increase in suspended droplets (cf. moist environments), with <em>E_q</em> having a 10-fold increase when RH decreases from 90 % to 20 % for coughing and a 2-fold increase for speaking at a representative summer indoor environment (T = 25° C). In warmer environments, <em>E_q</em> values are consistently higher (cf. colder), with increases of up to 22 % for coughing and 9 % for speaking. This indicates temperature has a smaller impact than humidity. We demonstrate that indoor environmental conditions are important when quantifying the quanta emission rate using a prospective method. This is essential for assessing airborne infection risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109379"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Association between residential greenness exposure and semen quality: A retrospective study in China” [Environ. Int. 193 (2024) 109132]","authors":"Xuchao Dai ,&nbsp;Weikang Chen ,&nbsp;Guangyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Feidi Li ,&nbsp;Shuren Sun ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Li ,&nbsp;Hong Huang ,&nbsp;Jingping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109418"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between 6PPD/6PPD-Q and natural Fe-Mn nodules: Performance and mechanism of adsorption and oxidative transformation","authors":"Jiaqi Shi ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Qi Wei ,&nbsp;Xin Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaohua Cao ,&nbsp;Wenyi Xie ,&nbsp;Yang Guo ,&nbsp;Jing Wei ,&nbsp;Zekai Li ,&nbsp;Tao Long","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widely used rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its ozonated product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), are highly toxic to aquatic life, yet understanding on their environmental behaviors is limited. This study comprehensively investigated their adsorption and transformation processes on natural Fe-Mn nodules (NFMN), which commonly exist in sediments and soils through a combination of diverse experimental and computational methods. The maximum adsorption capacity of 6PPD-Q (719.2 μg·g⁻¹) is significantly higher than that of 6PPD (133.8 μg·g⁻¹) at 293 K, and it is more difficult to desorb. They follow different kinetic and isothermal adsorption models, and environmental conditions (including temperature, pH, and anions) exert distinct influences on the adsorption of the two substances. Adsorption mechanisms involving electrostatic attraction, charge transfer, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid-base complexation were unveiled. For 6PPD, electrostatic adsorption and Lewis acid-base complexation contribute significantly to its adsorption. Conversely, for 6PPD-Q, the contribution of Lewis acid-base complexation outweighs that of hydrogen bonding, while the effect of electrostatic adsorption is relatively negligible. The stronger electrostatic attraction, more efficient charge transfer, and a greater number of binding sites for hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid-base complexation with NFMN results in more robust adsorption of 6PPD-Q. Furthermore, 6PPD can transform into 6PPD-Q on NFMN, facilitated by dissolved Mn(III). This study advances understanding of the adsorption behavior and mechanism of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, and highlights a new pathway for 6PPD-Q formation, which provides valuable reference for assessing the water body exposure risks and formulating environmental remediation strategies for such pollutants.</div></div><div><h3>Environmental Implication</h3><div>This study offers the first comprehensive insight into the interactions between 6PPD/6PPD-Q and NFMN, illuminating their environmental behavior in water and soil systems. It reveals the adsorption discrepancy between 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, and elucidates the mechanisms underlying the difference in adsorption. Additionally, it uncovers a novel pathway for 6PPD-Q formation, offering valuable implications for risk assessment and environmental remediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109438"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}