Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Inversion of the global carbonaceous aerosol components (CACs) based on ground-based remote sensing of AERONET","authors":"Zhuolin Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yisong Xie ,&nbsp;Hua Xu ,&nbsp;Chaoyu Yan ,&nbsp;Tong Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonaceous aerosol components (CACs) significantly influence global radiative forcing and human health. We developed a simultaneous inversion algorithm for four CACs: black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), and water-insoluble organic matter (WIOM), considering their distinct optical, solubility, and hygroscopicity properties. Using AERONET data, we inverted the global concentrations of these components for 2022. We observed that the mass concentration of black carbon (BC) is highest in the South Asian region, with an annual average of 4.74 mg m⁻². High values of brown carbon (BrC) correspond well with regions and seasons of biomass burning, with the annual average reaching 9.03 mg m⁻² at sites in Central and West Africa. Water-insoluble organic matter (WIOM) is the most predominant component in carbonaceous aerosols, with an annual average concentration as high as 53.11 mg m⁻² at the Dhaka_University site in Eastern South Asia. Additionally, the study also points out a significant correlation between the dominant components of carbonaceous aerosols and their seasonal variations with local emissions. Furthermore, the validation of optical parameters against official AERONET products demonstrates a good correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109432"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and epitope level antibody response to vaccines against measles and rubella in children from the Boston birth cohort","authors":"Xiumei Hong ,&nbsp;William R. Morgenlander ,&nbsp;Kari Nadeau ,&nbsp;Guoying Wang ,&nbsp;Pamela A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio ,&nbsp;Colleen Pearson ,&nbsp;William G. Adams ,&nbsp;Hongkai Ji ,&nbsp;H. Benjamin Larman ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies suggest that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may act as immune suppressants. However, research about the impact of PFAS exposure on antibody responses to the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine is limited and inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This report includes 748 mother–child pairs from the Boston Birth Cohort, with 8 PFAS compounds measured in maternal plasma shortly after delivery. IgG reactivities to measles and rubella were profiled in cord blood and venous blood plasma during early childhood, using Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing. Linear regression models were applied to assess the relationships between log2-transformed PFAS and IgG reactivities as measured by Viral Aggregate Reactivity score (VARscore, with inverse normal transformation) for measles and rubella. Quantile g-computation was applied to evaluate the PFAS mixture – VARscore associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The detection rate for 8 PFAS compounds ranged from 90 % to 100 % in maternal plasma. Maternal PFAS burden score (<em>P</em> = 0.01), but not individual PFAS compounds, was associated with lower VARscore for measles in cord blood. In 348 children after receiving the MMR vaccine, three maternal PFAS compounds (Me-PFOSA-AcOH, PFHpS and PFHxS) were significantly associated with lower measles VARscore (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Me-PFOSA-AcOH and PFHxS were significantly associated with higher risk of having low reactivity to measles defined as VARscore &lt; 25th percentile. PFAS mixture analysis revealed a significant inverse association between quantile of the PFAS mixture and measles VARscore (<em>P</em> = 0.025) in children after vaccination, with PFHxS as an important contributor to this association. These inverse associations were more pronounced in Black children (compared to non-Black children) and in preterm children (compared to term children). In comparison, no associations were found for rubella VARscore.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This prospective birth cohort study provides suggestive evidence that maternal PFAS exposure is associated with a reduced immune response to the measles vaccine, especially, among Black or preterm children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109433"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative potential of urban PM2.5 in relation to chemical composition: Importance of fossil driven sources","authors":"Joo-Ae Kim ,&nbsp;Seulki Jeong ,&nbsp;Saehee Lim ,&nbsp;Yongjoo Choi ,&nbsp;Hyomin Kim ,&nbsp;Meehye Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a comprehensive evaluation of the key factors determining the oxidative potential (OP) of PM_2.5, 75 samples of PM_2.5 were collected in urban Seoul, South Korea, during 2019–2021, and dithiothreitol consumption (DTTv) was measured using a DTT assay, coupled with an analysis of major constituents and stable isotope ratios of PM_2.5. For the entire sample set, the mean DTTv value was 0.58 ± 0.48 nmol m⁻³ min⁻¹ for PM_2.5 of 29.1 ± 12.2. DTTv exhibited a general dependence on of PM_2.5 concentrations and major constituents, including NO₄⁺, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, and organic carbon (OC). Specifically, NO₃^– and NH₄⁺ demonstrated the most robust correlation with DTTv during the cold season, whereas only elemental carbon (EC) showed a significant correlation with DTTv in the warm season. The δ¹³C of total carbon (TC) and δ¹⁵N of total nitrogen (TN) displayed an inverse correlation concerning DTT activities, suggesting the significant contribution from solid fossil fuels and biomass burning to the oxidative potential of PM_2.5, particularly during the cold season when PM_2.5 was notably high. In contrast, vehicle emissions were found to influence DTTv even at low PM_2.5 levels in warm seasons. This study provides insights into the intricate dynamics influencing the oxidative potential of PM_2.5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109424"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell analysis reveals antibiotic affects conjugative transfer by modulating bacterial growth rather than conjugation efficiency","authors":"Li Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang-hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-zi Li ,&nbsp;Rui-tong Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming He ,&nbsp;Arnaud Dechesne ,&nbsp;Barth F. Smets ,&nbsp;Guo-ping. Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a significant threat to human health and the environment. Quantifying the efficiency of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is challenging due to diverse biological and environmental influences. Single-cell level approaches are well-suited for investigating conjugative transfer, given its reliance on cell-to-cell contact nature and its capacity to offer insights into population-level responses. This study introduces a self-developed system for automated time-lapse image acquisition and analysis. Using a custom dual-chamber microfluidic chip and Python-based image analysis pipeline, we dynamically quantify the ARGs conjugation efficiency at single-cell level. By combining experiments with individual-based modelling, we isolate the effects of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on conjugation efficiency from those related to bacterial growth dynamics. No significant variation in <em>Escherichia coli</em> conjugation efficiency was observed across kanamycin concentrations (0 to 50 mg l⁻¹). Moreover, recipient cells with higher growth rates show a greater propensity for plasmid acquisition, suggesting the physiological state of cells pre-conjugation influences their susceptibility to gene transfer. Our methodology eliminates population growth bias, revealing the intrinsic nature of conjugation efficiency. This approach advances our understanding of the factors influencing HGT efficiency and holds promise for studying other microbial interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>This study employs single-cell analysis to reveal that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics affect the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by modulating bacterial growth rate rather than conjugation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109385"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential exposure to green and blue spaces over childhood and cardiometabolic health outcomes: The generation XXI birth cohort","authors":"Berta Valente ,&nbsp;Berna Araújo ,&nbsp;Rita Pereira ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Henrique Barros ,&nbsp;Susana Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence on the effects of green and blue spaces on childhood cardiometabolic health is inconsistent and mostly cross-sectional. We assessed the associations of green and blue spaces exposure at birth 4, 7, and 10 years (to identify vulnerable periods of exposure) and as longitudinal trajectories (to identify the longitudinal effect over time) with cardiometabolic outcomes at 10 years.</div><div>Among 4669 participants from a population-based birth cohort, we assessed the residential normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and distance to urban green and blue spaces at each time point using geographic information systems and standardized by dividing the observed value by the standard deviation. Longitudinal exposure trajectories were derived using latent class mixed models. At 10 years, we measured body mass index, fat mass index, android-to-gynoid fat ratio, blood pressure, and metabolic outcomes. We defined overweight/obesity (World Health Organization), high blood pressure (American Academy of Pediatrics), and metabolic syndrome (IDEFICS).</div><div>No significant associations were observed between natural spaces exposure and adiposity outcomes. We found an inverse association between distance to nearest blue space at birth and systolic blood pressure z-scores, and a positive association between distance to nearest green space at 7 and 10 years and metabolic syndrome score (p &lt; 0.05). Children in the descending NDVI500m trajectory, compared to those in the high stable trajectory, showed lower diastolic blood pressure z-scores and metabolic syndrome scores (p &lt; 0.05). However, after multiple testing corrections, all associations lost statistical significance.</div><div>This study did not find robust associations between natural spaces during key developmental periods and cardiometabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109452"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The agricultural plastic paradox: Feeding more, harming more?","authors":"Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejun Liu ,&nbsp;David R. Chadwick ,&nbsp;Changrong Yan ,&nbsp;Michaela Reay ,&nbsp;Tida Ge ,&nbsp;Fan Ding ,&nbsp;Jingkuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ruimin Qi ,&nbsp;Mouliang Xiao ,&nbsp;Rui Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanling Chen ,&nbsp;Ji Ma ,&nbsp;Charlotte Lloyd ,&nbsp;Richard P. Evershed ,&nbsp;Yongming Luo ,&nbsp;Yongguan Zhu ,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Davey L. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural plastic film mulch (PFM) covers ca. 50 million hectares of the Earth’s surface and has revolutionized agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, by improving crop yields, water use efficiency, farmer incomes and feeding an extra 85 million people in China alone. However, concerns are growing about the impact of PFM-derived microplastics (MP) on soil quality, the food chain, and the environment. Here we show that current research on the effects of MP in agricultural soils is limited by inconsistent methodologies and unrealistic experimental concentrations, leading to major uncertainty in assessing the true risks associated with PFM use. Furthermore, we highlight the need for standardized protocols, experiments using realistic MP concentrations, and a better understanding of the relative contribution of PFM to MP pollution to develop informed policies. Furthermore, while biodegradable alternatives show promise, their significantly higher costs (2–3 times that of conventional LDPE PFM) and variable performance across different agricultural environments present economic and practical challenges that must be addressed through targeted policy incentives and continued technological innovation. Our findings suggest that while further research is conducted, managing PFM to reduce environmental impact, rather than imposing ill-informed bans on plastic use, is crucial to balance food security and sustainable development goals. Exploring “zero-leakage” instead of “zero-use” approaches to PFM should be the primary aim to help mitigate potential risks while preserving the substantial benefits of this agricultural technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109416"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension and preeclampsia: A nation-wide register-based study on PFAS in drinking water","authors":"Melle Säve-Söderbergh ,&nbsp;Irina Gyllenhammar ,&nbsp;Tessa Schillemans ,&nbsp;Emelie Lindfeldt ,&nbsp;Carolina Vogs ,&nbsp;Carolina Donat-Vargas ,&nbsp;Emilie Helte ,&nbsp;Emma Ankarberg ,&nbsp;Anders Glynn ,&nbsp;Lutz Ahrens ,&nbsp;Agneta Åkesson","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is inconclusive evidence of associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We conducted a nation-wide register-based cohort study to assess the associations of the estimated maternal drinking water exposure to the sum of four major PFAS (PFAS4; perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxS)) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension and preeclampsia.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We included nulliparous women giving birth in Sweden during 2012–2018 in large localities served by municipal drinking water where PFAS were measured in raw and drinking water. Using a one-compartment toxicokinetic model, we estimated cumulative maternal blood levels of PFAS4 during pregnancy considering residential history, municipal PFAS water concentration and year-specific maternal PFAS background serum levels. The outcomes and individual covariates were ascertained via register linkage. Mean values and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 109,031 nulliparous women included, with an estimated average 7.8 ng PFAS4/mL serum (standard deviation: 2.0 ng/mL), there were indications of a non-monotonic inverse association for PFAS4 and GDM, corresponding to multivariable-adjusted OR 0.72 (95 % CI: 0.61–0.84) when comparing extreme quartiles. An inverse association were also seen for each PFAS individually. No clear associations were seen for hypertension or preeclampsia, although individual PFAS indicated significant associations, both inverse (PFAS and PFHxS) and direct (PFOS and PFNA) for hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the present study, we observed indications of inverse, non-monotonic associations for PFAS4 and GDM. Some individual PFAS were also associated with hypertension, both direct and inverse. The limitations linked to the exposure assessment still require caution in the interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109415"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic toxicity exacerbates China’s groundwater and health crisis","authors":"Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Fu-Jun Yue ,&nbsp;Wei Wen Wong ,&nbsp;Shao-Chong Lin ,&nbsp;Tian-Li Guo ,&nbsp;Si-Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination is considered a major threat to groundwater quality and human health. The uneven distribution of arsenic contributes to regional variations, creating discrimination related to arsenic enrichment and carcinogenic risk. Here, we have analyzed 2,737 groundwater samples across China, which spans a broad range of geo-environments, climates and land use types. We find that regional inequality of groundwater arsenic concentration is caused by ontology environment. By mapping the groundwater arsenic distribution across China and conducting a global meta-analysis, the spatial response of arsenic concentration to different cancer risks was revealed, and neglected As(V) should be given attention. A random forest analysis identified chemical properties (including oxidation–reduction potential, pH, total manganese ion, total iron ion, total dissolved solids, and sulfate ion) as the most influential drivers, contributing 56% to the model’s explanatory power, followed by geographical factors at 28%, climatic factors at 10%, and human activities at 6%. Additionally, reducing the proportion of groundwater supply with high arsenic concentration in drinking water in regions without water treatment may help lower the potential carcinogenic risk. This study emphasizes the potential health risk associated with high arsenic groundwater, making it particularly important to roll out efficient water purification technologies given the natural enrichment of arsenic, especially rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109435"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic associations of ambient air pollution and heat on daily mortality in India","authors":"Jeroen de Bont ,&nbsp;Ajit Rajiva ,&nbsp;Siddhartha Mandal ,&nbsp;Massimo Stafoggia ,&nbsp;Tirthankar Banerjee ,&nbsp;Hem Dholakia ,&nbsp;Amit Garg ,&nbsp;Vijendra Ingole ,&nbsp;Suganthi Jaganathan ,&nbsp;Itai Kloog ,&nbsp;Bhargav Krishna ,&nbsp;Kevin Lane ,&nbsp;R.K. Mall ,&nbsp;Jyothi Menon ,&nbsp;Amruta Nori-Sarma ,&nbsp;Dorairaj Prabhakaran ,&nbsp;Abhiyant Suresh Tiwari ,&nbsp;Yaguang Wei ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Wellenius ,&nbsp;Joel Schwartz ,&nbsp;Petter Ljungman","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited studies have evaluated the interaction between ambient air pollution and heat on mortality, especially in regions such as India, where extreme levels of both exposures occur frequently. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effects between ambient air pollution and heat on daily mortality in India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied a time-series analysis for ten cities in India between 2008–2019. We assessed city-wide daily particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and temperature levels using two nationwide spatiotemporal models. We estimated city-specific exposure-outcome associations through generalised additive Poisson regression models, and <em>meta</em>-analysed the associations. To evaluate the interaction between PM_2.5 and air temperature (modelled at lag 0–1), a product term was incorporated between linear PM_2.5 and non-linear air temperature. From this model, we estimated the effect of air pollution for increasing levels of temperature, and vice versa.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among ∼ 3.6 million deaths, we found that the association of PM_2.5 on mortality was particularly stronger beyond the 75th percentile of temperature. When we compared the associations of PM_2.5-mortality at the 75th and 99th temperature percentile, we observed an increase from 0.8 % (95 % CI: −0.3 %, 1.9 %) to 4.6 % (95 % CI: 2.9 %, 6.5 %) increase in mortality per 10 μg/m³ increments, respectively. In addition, we observed a 22.0 % (95 % CI: 13.5 %, 31.2 %) increase in daily mortality risk due to an increase in temperature from the 75th to the 99th city-specific percentiles. Percent change in mortality risk increased linearly from 8.3 % (95 % CI: 2.2 %, 14.9 %) when daily PM_2.5 was 20 μg/m³ to 63.9 % (95 % CI: 38.7.%, 93.7 %) at 100 μg/m³.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our findings reveal a substantial synergistic interaction between ambient air pollution and temperature in India. This calls for efforts to tangibly reduce common sources of air pollution and climate change to immediately lower their combined effects on daily mortality and mitigate their long-term health consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109426"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo and In vitro assessment of the retinal toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics","authors":"Jiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Lun He ,&nbsp;Qi Shi ,&nbsp;Meilan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Ma ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Yu ,&nbsp;Lian Liu ,&nbsp;Guocheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Liu ,&nbsp;Boguang Wang ,&nbsp;Jingxiang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, yet the effects of the ingested plastic particles on ocular health remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of orally ingested polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the mouse retina. The in vivo experimental results showed that PS-NPs could penetrate the mouse retina within 2 h after gavage. Their levels increased at 4 h and remained detectable up to 24 h post-gavage. Prolonged exposure (28 days) to PS-NPs might disrupt the tight junctions of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). Moreover, PS-NPs induced oxidative stress in the retina by downregulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and potentially promoted apoptosis via the upregulation of Cleaved caspase 3. Additionally, we used human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) to model the iBRB and employed a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) to assess the potential toxicity of PS-NPs on the human retina. Our results indicated that PS-NPs penetrated and disrupted the simulated iBRB, inducing oxidative stress and promoting apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. This study provides critical insights into the potential risks of ingested PS-NPs to retinal health and offers novel perspectives on the broader implications of plastic pollution for humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109420"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}