Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Co-benefits of nature-based solutions: A health impact assessment of the Barcelona Green Corridor (Eixos Verds) plan","authors":"Tamara Iungman ,&nbsp;Sergi Ventura Caballé ,&nbsp;Ricard Segura-Barrero ,&nbsp;Marta Cirach ,&nbsp;Natalie Mueller ,&nbsp;Carolyn Daher ,&nbsp;Gara Villalba ,&nbsp;Evelise Pereira Barboza ,&nbsp;Mark Nieuwenhuijsen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Green Corridors Plan (<em>Eixos Verds</em> Plan), proposed by the Barcelona City Council, aims to enhance urban well-being, environmental sustainability, and resilience by transforming one in every three streets into green corridors. Although initially designed for city-wide implementation, only the first phase, focused on the centric Eixample district, has been completed, and the overall plan implementation has been postponed. Our aim is to evaluate the health co-benefits of implementing the <em>Green Corridors</em> plan citywide, focusing on the direct effects of increased exposure to greenness and the impact of temperature reduction on mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive Health Impact Assessment (HIA) considering direct effects of expanding green spaces (GS) and the impact on temperature reduction. Preventable mortality at the census tract level for adult residents was estimated, and to address uncertainties, we performed Monte Carlo iterations. We computed the percentage increase in GS (land use) and tree cover and converted them into Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to conduct the HIA, employing a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). We used the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) coupled with the urban parameterizations “Building Effect Parameterization” (BEP) and “Building Energy Model” (BEM) for temperature modelling. Hourly temperatures from 25/06/2015 to 25/07/2015 were simulated, both with and without <em>Green Corridors</em> Plan implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>City-wide implementation of the <em>Green Corridors</em> plan would increase average GS by 3.64 % (IQR: 2.17 % − 4.40 %) and NDVI by 0.286 (IQR: 0.256–0.304) per census tract. This could potentially prevent 178 premature deaths annually (95 % CI: 116–247), equating to 13 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (95 % CI: 9–19). The average daily temperature reduction per census tract was estimated at 0.05 °C, with a maximum reduction of 0.42 °C. Temperature reduction could potentially prevent 5 deaths during the simulated month. Additionally, we estimated a mean decrease in the thermal stress of 0.11 °C, reaching up to 1.48 °C at its peak.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The <em>Green Corridors</em> plan can make significant contributions to a healthier urban environment. To address climate and especially heat impacts, complementary strategies to achieve more substantial temperature reduction are needed. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS), exemplified by the <em>Green Corridors</em> Plan, in creating more sustainable and health-promoting urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109313"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and risk of cancer: Epidemiology is not enough!","authors":"Agostino Di Ciaula ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Petronio ,&nbsp;Fausto Bersani ,&nbsp;Fiorella Belpoggi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109275"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mechanism of PPCPs on human metabolic diseases based on network toxicology and molecular docking","authors":"Menghang Cheng ,&nbsp;Mengnan Li ,&nbsp;Yunmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuyang Gu ,&nbsp;Wenshan Gao ,&nbsp;Shuling Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research endeavor seeks to delve into the potential mechanisms by which pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), recognized as emerging pollutants, could contribute to the human metabolic disorders and then trigger metabolic diseases. Therefore, we have selected lipid and atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus as representative metabolic diseases, aiming to systematically explore the critical molecular pathways that may be disrupted by PPCPs for the metabolic disease development. By employing advanced network toxicology and molecular docking techniques, we have successfully elucidated the molecular mechanisms that trigger the three diseases. We pinpointed the potential targets associated with the disease by leveraging databases including PubChem, ADEMTlab2.0, SwissADME, and GeneCards. We further employed STRING analysis and Cytoscape software to pinpoint the core targets that were most significantly associated with these metabolic diseases. In addition, enrichment analysis of these core targets was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways within the David database. To obtain the structural aspects of the target proteins, we also employed AlphaFold 3 for protein structure prediction. Finally, we validated the binding affinity of PPCPs to these target proteins using molecular docking with AutoDock Vina. Our findings suggested that PPCPs could potentially trigger metabolic diseases by modulating the expression of microRNAs, influencing cellular apoptosis and proliferation, and affecting signal transduction pathways. Interestingly, we also found the correlations among lipid and atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus. Taken together, our study provides innovative insights into both the mechanisms of how environmental pollutants trigger human diseases and revealing the correlations among different diseases, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for disease prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109324"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts","authors":"Jagadeesh Puvvula ,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Hwang ,&nbsp;Lawrence McCandless ,&nbsp;Changchun Xie ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Braun ,&nbsp;Ann M. Vuong ,&nbsp;Youssef Oulhote ,&nbsp;Enrique F. Schisterman ,&nbsp;Russell T. Shinohara ,&nbsp;Linda Booij ,&nbsp;Maryse F. Bouchard ,&nbsp;Kristin Linn ,&nbsp;Michael M. Borghese ,&nbsp;Jean R. Seguin ,&nbsp;Angelika Zidek ,&nbsp;Christine Till ,&nbsp;William Fraser ,&nbsp;Kimberly Yolton ,&nbsp;Kim M. Cecil ,&nbsp;Jillian Ashley-Martin ,&nbsp;Aimin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational exposures to single toxic chemicals have been associated with cognitive deficits in children, but few studies have explored chemical mixtures.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the associations between gestational chemical biomarker mixtures and cognitive abilities in children from two prospective cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study includes 617 birthing parent–child pairs from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) and Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Studies. We measured 29 chemical biomarkers (metals, persistent organic pollutants, perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, phenols, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and parabens) in pregnant individuals during early pregnancy and their children’s cognitive abilities at ages 3 to 5 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scales. We assessed linear associations using quantile g-computation and non-linear associations using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) methods, adjusted for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using quantile g-computation, we observed overall null associations between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive outcomes among preschool-age children. Although statistical significance was not attained for child sex as an effect modifier, our stratified analysis unveiled a moderate divergence in association trends. We noted a marginal inverse trend between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores [Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) &amp; Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ)] among males. Using quantile g-computation and BKMR methods, we observed that PBDE47, PFHxS, and di-ethyl organophosphates commonly contributed towards a decline in FSIQ scores in males. Among males, a quartile increase in the chemical biomarker mixture was associated with a 0.64-point decrease (95% CI: −2.59, 1.31) in the FSIQ score and a 1.59-point decrease (95% CI: −3.72, 0.54) in the PIQ score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, we observed a weak negative trend between the gestational chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores (FSIQ/PIQ) among males. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings between the longitudinal chemical biomarkers and child cognitive scores at school ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109298"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer: A supplementary analysis of regular occupational exposure and of occasional occupational exposure based on the systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and Injury","authors":"Natalie C. Momen ,&nbsp;Marissa G. Baker ,&nbsp;Tim Driscoll ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Martha S. Martínez-Silveira ,&nbsp;Michelle C. Turner ,&nbsp;Susana Viegas ,&nbsp;Paul J. Villeneuve ,&nbsp;Frank Pega","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109216","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are the producers of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates). The WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified welding fumes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). A previous systematic review and &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that there was “sufficient evidence of harmfulness” that compared with no (or low) occupational exposure to welding fumes, any (or high) occupational exposure to welding fumes increased the risk of developing trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer. It concluded that WHO/ILO Joint Estimates could be produced of the attributable burden of trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer. However, occupational exposure to welding fumes must be considered in greater detail, as there may be differences in risk between those with &lt;em&gt;regular&lt;/em&gt; occupational exposure to welding fumes and those with &lt;em&gt;occasional&lt;/em&gt; occupational exposure, the latter of which has previously been estimated to be highly prevalent. Regular and occasional occupational exposure to welding fumes have not previously been considered in a systematic review. Here, we present a supplementary analysis to our previous systematic review and &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-analysis, providing parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to &lt;em&gt;regular&lt;/em&gt; and to &lt;em&gt;occasional&lt;/em&gt; occupational exposure to welding fumes, to inform the development of WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of this burden of disease.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We sought to systematically review and &lt;em&gt;meta&lt;/em&gt;-analyse estimates of the effect of regular occupational exposure to welding fumes and of occasional occupational exposure to welding fumes, compared with no (or very rare) occupational exposure to welding fumes, on trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence, and mortality).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Data sources&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We developed and published a protocol for our previous systematic review, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CISDOC, up until 27 May 2024. We also searched grey literature databases, internet search engines, and organizational websites; hand-searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews; and consulted additional experts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study eligibility and criteria&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We included studies of working-age workers (≥15 years) in the formal and informal economy in any Member State of WHO and/or ILO but excluded studies of children (&lt;15 years) and of unpaid domestic workers. We included randomized controlled trials, cohort ","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109216"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal ambient temperature exposure and cord blood and placental mitochondrial DNA content: Insights from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort study","authors":"Eleni Renaers ,&nbsp;Congrong Wang ,&nbsp;Esmée M. Bijnens ,&nbsp;Michelle Plusquin ,&nbsp;Tim S. Nawrot ,&nbsp;Dries S. Martens","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) at birth is a sensitive biomarker to environmental exposures that may play an important role in later life health. We investigated sensitive time windows for the association between prenatal ambient temperature exposure and newborn mtDNAc.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the ENVIR<em>ON</em>AGE birth cohort (Belgium), we measured cord blood and placental mtDNAc in 911 participants using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We associated newborn mtDNAc with average weekly mean temperature during pregnancy using distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs). Double-threshold DLNMs were used to study the relationships between ambient temperature and mtDNAc below predefined low (5th, 10th, 15th percentile of the temperature distribution) and above predefined high temperature thresholds (95th, 90th, 85th percentile of the temperature distribution).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Prenatal temperature exposure above the used high temperature thresholds was linked to lower cord blood mtDNAc, with the strongest effect in trimester 2 (cumulative estimates ranging from −21.4% to −25.6%). Placental mtDNAc showed positive and negative associations for high temperature exposure depending on the applied high temperature threshold. Negative associations were observed during trimester 1 using the 90th and 95th percentile threshold (−26.1% and –33.2% lower mtDNAc respectively), and a positive association in trimester 3 when applying the most stringent 95th percentile threshold (127.0%). Low temperature exposure was associated with higher mtDNAc for both cord blood and placenta. Cord blood mtDNAc showed a positive association in trimester 2 when using the 10th percentile threshold (11.3%), while placental mtDNAc showed positive associations during the whole gestation and for all applied thresholds (estimates ranging from 80.8% − 320.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our study shows that <em>in utero</em> temperature exposure is associated with differences in newborn mtDNAc at birth, with stronger associations observed in the placenta. These findings highlight the impact of prenatal ambient temperature exposure on mtDNAc during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109267"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and molecular Characterization, following dietary exposure to DINCH, Reveals new Implications for its role as a Metabolism-Disrupting chemical","authors":"Sontje Krupka ,&nbsp;Alix Sarah Aldehoff ,&nbsp;Cornelius Goerdeler ,&nbsp;Beatrice Engelmann ,&nbsp;Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk ,&nbsp;Kristin Schubert ,&nbsp;Nora Klöting ,&nbsp;Martin von Bergen ,&nbsp;Matthias Blüher","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic materials are ubiquitous, leading to constant human exposure to plastic additives such as plasticizers. There is growing evidence that plasticizers may contribute to obesity due to their disruptive effects on metabolism. Alternatives like diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) are replacing traditional phthalates such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which are now banned due to their proven harmful health effects. While DINCH is considered a safer alternative to DEHP and no adipogenic effects have been demonstrated in <em>in vivo</em> studies, recent research suggests that the primary metabolite, monoisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ester (MINCH), promotes adipocyte differentiation and dysfunction <em>in vitro</em>. However, metabolic and molecular effects are not fully understood <em>in vivo</em>.</div><div>Here, we performed a comprehensive <em>in vivo</em> analysis using C57BL/6N mice to investigate the effects of DINCH on adipose tissue physiology and function. Mice were exposed to two doses of DINCH for 16 weeks, followed by a 10-week recovery period. Tissue analysis confirmed the presence of DINCH and MINCH in liver and adipose tissue after treatment and recovery. After the recovery period, elevated DINCH concentrations in adipose tissue depots indicated possible bioaccumulation. Although no changes were observed in body composition and energy expenditure, sex-specific metabolic effects were identified. Female mice exhibited impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and higher triglyceride levels, while male mice showed an altered insulin/C-peptide ratio and elevated cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels. Proteomic profiling of serum, adipose and liver tissues revealed changes in pathways related to central energy metabolism and immune response, highlighting the systemic impact of DINCH, potentially on inflammatory processes. Most effects of DINCH, such as changes in insulin response and serum lipid levels, were diminished after the recovery period.</div><div>Despite many findings consistent with the existing literature suggesting DINCH as a safer DEHP substitute, the observed sex-specific effects on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes, as well as potential bioaccumulation and long-term metabolic effects of DINCH exposure warrant careful consideration in further risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109306"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining δ15N isotopic fingerprints of local NOx for accurate source identification of nitrate in PM2.5","authors":"Hao Xiao ,&nbsp;Qinkai Li ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Ding ,&nbsp;Wenjing Dai ,&nbsp;Gaoyang Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable nitrogen isotopic composition (<em>δ</em>¹⁵N) has proven to be a valuable tool for identifying sources of nitrates (NO₃^–) in PM_2.5. However, the absence of a systematic study on the <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values of domestic NO<em>_x</em> sources hinders accurate identification of NO₃^– sources in China. Here, we systematically determined and refined <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values for six categories of NO<em>_x</em> sources in Tianjin using an active sampling method. Moreover, the <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values of NO₃^– in PM_2.5 were measured during pre-heating, mid-heating and late-heating periods, which are the most heavily polluted in Tianjin. The results indicate that the isotopic fingerprints of the six types of NO<em>_x</em> sources in Tianjin are indicative of the regional characteristics of China, particularly the North China Plain. The Bayesian isotope mixing (MixSIAR) model demonstrated that coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle exhaust collectively contributed more than 60 %, dominating the sources of NO₃^– during sampling periods in Tianjin. However, failure to consider the isotopic signatures of local NO<em>_x</em> sources could result in an overestimation of the contribution from natural gas combustion. Additionally, the absence of industrial sources, an uncharacterized source in previous studies, may directly result in the contribution fraction of other sources being overestimated by the model more than 10 %. Notably, as the number of sources input to the model increased, the contribution of various NO<em>_x</em> sources was becoming more stable, and the inter-influence between various sources significantly reduced. This study demonstrated that the refined isotopic fingerprint in China could more effectively distinguish source of NO₃^–, thereby providing valuable insights for controlling NO₃^– pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109317"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New approach methodologies in human health risk assessment across European regulatory frameworks: Status quo, barriers and drivers for regulatory acceptance and use","authors":"Angela Bearth ,&nbsp;Nicolas Roth ,&nbsp;Tom Jansen ,&nbsp;Laura Holden ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Čavoški ,&nbsp;Emma Di Consiglio ,&nbsp;Ingrid Hauzenberger ,&nbsp;Robert Lee ,&nbsp;Enrico Mombelli ,&nbsp;Olga Tcheremenskaia ,&nbsp;Lina Wendt-Rasch ,&nbsp;Martin F. Wilks","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional approaches to chemical risk assessment for human health are continuously challenged by their limitations, such as validity concerns, societal pressure to use animal-free methods, and resource constraints. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are considered a promising avenue toward modernisation of chemical risk assessment practices but their implementation in practice has been slow. This article aims to investigate the perspectives of human health risk assessors on the status quo, barriers and drivers of the acceptance and use of NAMs across different regulatory frameworks. A mixed method design was applied: qualitative interviews (<em>N</em> = 19) and an online survey with human health risk assessors from industry, regulatory agencies/institutions and academia (<em>N</em> = 222). The results show heterogeneity in familiarity and use of specific NAMs (e.g., QSARs as well-known and used vs. −omics approaches that are seldom used), the risk assessors’ background (e.g., industry vs. regulatory agencies and institutions vs. academia) and the application context (e.g., screening/prioritisation vs. hazard identification/characterisation). The identified barriers and drivers offer pointers for the future integration and acceptance of NAMs in regulatory risk assessment. For instance, guidance documents can facilitate the use of NAMs, showcasing successful examples that increase trust in the methods and thus, the risk assessors’ confidence in using these methods. Among other things, the article highlights the importance of considering human health risk assessors’ needs and prerequisites to foster bottom-up coordinated efforts and to ensure the success of top-down legal and institutional change to incorporate NAMs in regulatory risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109279"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental sustainability of urban expansion: Implications for transport emissions, air pollution, and city growth","authors":"Susana Lopez-Aparicio ,&nbsp;Henrik Grythe ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Drabicki ,&nbsp;Konrad Chwastek ,&nbsp;Kamila Toboła ,&nbsp;Lidia Górska-Niemas ,&nbsp;Urszula Kierpiec ,&nbsp;Miha Markelj ,&nbsp;Joanna Strużewska ,&nbsp;Bartosz Kud ,&nbsp;Gabriela Sousa Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the environmental impacts of urban growth in Warsaw since 2006 and models the implications of future urban development for traffic pollutant emissions and pollution levels. Our findings demonstrate that, over the past two decades, urban sprawl has resulted in decreases in accessibility to public transport, social services, and natural areas. We analyse CO₂ traffic emissions, NO₂ concentrations, and population exposure across urban areas in future scenarios of further sprawling or alternative compacting land-use development. Results indicate that a compact future scenario reduces transport CO₂ emissions and urban NO₂ levels, though increases in population density raise exposure to air pollution. A sprawl future scenario increases CO₂ and NO_x emissions due to longer commutes and congestion, and NO₂ levels increase up to 25% in parts of the city. Several traffic abatement strategies were simulated, and in all simulations a compact city consistently yields the largest reductions in CO₂ emissions and NO₂ levels, implying that the best abatement strategy for combating negative consequences of sprawl is to reduce sprawling. In both city layouts, network-wide improvements of public transport travel times gave significantly reduced emissions. Combined, our findings highlight the importance of co-beneficial urban planning strategies to balance CO₂ emissions reduction, and air pollution exposure in expanding cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109310"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}