Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the latent impacts of extreme floods on indoor mold spores in residential buildings: Application of machine learning algorithms","authors":"M. Pakdehi ,&nbsp;E. Ahmadisharaf ,&nbsp;P. Azimi ,&nbsp;Z. Yan ,&nbsp;Z. Keshavarz ,&nbsp;C. Caballero ,&nbsp;J.G. Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods can severely impact the economy, environment and society. These impacts can be direct and indirect. Past research has focused more on the former impacts. Of the indirect impacts, those on mold growth in indoor environments that affect human respiratory health (e.g. asthma) have received limited attention. Models can be used to predict these impacts and support development of mitigation and preventive actions. Despite the presence of models for some other impacts of flooding, quantitative models for estimating the impacts of flooding on indoor mold spores are lacking. In this article, we studied the aftermath of two recent hurricanes—Ida and Ian—in the United States and applied machine learning algorithms to develop the first quantitative model for predicting mold spores in buildings. A comprehensive fine-scale database (building level), consisting of flood characteristics, building properties, human indoor activities and existing mold spores, prepared through survey questionnaires, home inspections, laboratory analyses and flood hindcasting, from 60 homes was utilized. The modeling results suggested satisfactory performance for regression-based predictions of indoor mold spores (coefficient of determination or R² of 0.83 and 0.38). This is the first quantitative model for predicting the impacts of flooding on mold spores. Our study provides a foundation for quantitative assessments of flood impacts on indoor mold spores in residential buildings. This supports insurance companies, public health officials and emergency managers to better assess the impacts of hurricanes and extreme flooding on human respiratory health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109319"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRADE guidance 40: The GRADE evidence-to-decision framework for environmental and occupational health","authors":"Emily Senerth ,&nbsp;Paul Whaley ,&nbsp;Elie Akl ,&nbsp;Brandy Beverly ,&nbsp;Pablo Alonso-Coello ,&nbsp;Andrew Rooney ,&nbsp;Holger J. Schünemann ,&nbsp;Kristina A. Thayer ,&nbsp;Katya Tsaioun ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To provide guidance for the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) framework for environmental and occupational health (EOH).</div></div><div><h3>Study design and setting</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of published and public EOH decision frameworks, followed by a modified Delphi process leading to development of a draft GRADE EtD framework for EOH. We pilot tested the provisional framework through a virtual workshop series, which further informed guidance for the framework’s application. We presented a summary of the results to all attendees of the GRADE Working Group meeting for feedback in July 2022 and November 2022, and for approval in May 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Consistent with existing GRADE EtD frameworks, the EtD framework for EOH includes a scoping and contextualization process and twelve assessment criteria. Modifications to the existing EtD frameworks include: consideration of the socio-political context when making judgments about the priority of the problem and feasibility of different alternatives; the addition of timing when making judgments about benefits and harms, the balance of effects, and feasibility; broadening of the equity criterion to include considerations beyond health equity; and more explicit accommodation of variable or conflicting stakeholder views when considering values and acceptability. The new EtD framework is also accompanied by a user guide intended to support its implementation in the EOH context.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Policymakers, regulators, and other stakeholders may use this GRADE EtD framework to approach decision-making about environmental and occupational exposures and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109314"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung function-associated exposome profile in the era of climate change: Pooled analysis of 8 population-based European cohorts within the EXPANSE project","authors":"Ayoung Jeong ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Lovison ,&nbsp;Alonso Bussalleu ,&nbsp;Marta Cirach ,&nbsp;Payam Dadvand ,&nbsp;Kees de Hoogh ,&nbsp;Claudia Flexeder ,&nbsp;Gerard Hoek ,&nbsp;Medea Imboden ,&nbsp;Stefan Karrasch ,&nbsp;Gerard H. Koppelman ,&nbsp;Sara Kress ,&nbsp;Petter Ljungman ,&nbsp;Renata Majewska ,&nbsp;Göran Pershagen ,&nbsp;Regina Pickford ,&nbsp;Youchen Shen ,&nbsp;Roel C.H. Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Jelle J. Vlaanderen ,&nbsp;Megi Vogli ,&nbsp;Nicole Probst-Hensch","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The independent and interrelated long-term effects of the exposome such as air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature on lung function are not well understood, yet relevant in the light of climate change.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pre-bronchodilation FEV1 from five mature birth cohorts (N = 4724) and three adult cohorts (N = 6052) from five European countries were used to assess cross-sectional associations with air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature, assigned to their residential address. All two-way interactions and square terms were <em>a priori</em> included in building the final elastic net regression model. Elastic net regression results were put into the context of different environmental scenarios such as improvement of air quality, improvement of greenness, climate change, or their combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elastic net regression of FEV1 z-scores identified non-zero coefficients for many interaction terms, indicating the importance of joint effects of exposure to air pollution, greenness, and temperature. The non-zero coefficients were bigger and more stable in adults than in children. Upon exploring lung function benefits for different environmental scenarios, an improvement of FEV1 was expected in the scenario of improving air quality or greenness. In contrast, negative changes in FEV1 z-scores were expected in the scenario of climate change, characterized by daily temperature increase in summer and decrease in winter. The beneficial FEV1 effects of improving air pollution or greenness were attenuated in the presence of climate change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Complex exposome profiles of long-term exposure to air pollution, greenness, and temperature showed associations with FEV1 in European adults, and to less extent in children and adolescents. Climate change seems to have a negative impact on lung function and modifies the association of air pollution and greenspace with lung function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109269"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Street-scale black carbon modelling over the West Midlands, United Kingdom: Sensitivity test of traffic emission factor adjustments","authors":"Jian Zhong ,&nbsp;Yinghua Li ,&nbsp;William James Bloss ,&nbsp;Roy M. Harrison","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black carbon is harmful for climate, environment, and human health. Road traffic is one of the major sources for black carbon in urban areas. This study develops a street scale air quality model configuration for the dispersion of black carbon concentrations across the West Midlands, UK, incorporating updated road traffic emission factors. A range of modelling cases accounting for traffic emission factor adjustments was conducted and evaluated against measurements at three monitoring sites within the region. The model overall has good performance. With unadjusted traffic emission factors, the model can capture black carbon annual concentrations at urban background sites. However, an adjustment (factor of 3) for the traffic emission factors is needed to better represent the roadside site (although with a slight overestimation of 3 % in annual concentration). There are near-linear relationships between black carbon concentrations and the adjustment ratio for the traffic emission factor. Black carbon concentration maps have been generated at 10 m × 10 m resolution, which were then aggregated into health-related electoral ward and local authority levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109265"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast optimization of the emission reduction pathways of major air pollutants in China: From the perspective of different decision preferences","authors":"Yihao Wang ,&nbsp;Xuying Wang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Zeyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiani Kang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Xue ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the concern of optimization problem of China’s PM_2.5 control and the limitation of computational efficiencies for traditional air quality models, we developed an integrated analysis framework to efficiently establish the identification and cost-benefit assessment of PM_2.5 control pathways in China by constructing a rapid PM_2.5 exposure response method based on the high-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) and coupling the sequential least square algorithm (SLSQP) and health impact assessment model. Six emission reduction scenarios with varying decision preferences were analyzed. Our study provides a methodological approach for the rapid optimization of emission pathways of major air pollutants in China with flexible options in terms of objectives and constraints, fully considering the diverse differences in environmental, health, and economic impacts among different pollution sources simultaneously. Our findings based on the multi-scenario analysis strengthen the understanding of the importance of diverse species and regions for emission reduction among various decision preferences in China, confirm the necessity of implementing differentiated control strategies for distinct pollution sources from both cost and cost-effectiveness perspectives, and indicate that accelerating PM_2.5 control process in the early stage is a beneficial choice for achieving more health benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109282"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hazardous substances emitted during mask use","authors":"Jongmin Park ,&nbsp;Cheonghoon Lee ,&nbsp;Myoungho Lee ,&nbsp;Hyunbin Jo ,&nbsp;Minkyeong Sohn ,&nbsp;Minjung Kim ,&nbsp;Chungsik Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the inhalation of mask-derived materials by simulating real breathing conditions and examined how the amount of inhaled materials varies with breathing flow rate and duration. Three types of non-certified reusable masks and two types of certified disposable masks were selected. For each mask, five different hazardous materials were captured and analyzed in three replicates with two breathing flow rates of 30 L/min and 85 L/min and two breathing time combinations of 15 min and 60 min. Nanoparticles and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were analyzed using a real-time instrument, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalates were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and metal elements were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Inhaled nanoparticle number concentrations decreased when wearing the masks, with certified disposable masks showing higher nanoparticle filtration efficiency (&gt;90 %) compared to non-certified reusable masks (&lt;40 %). These results were consistent with NaCl filtration efficiency results and showed no trend with flow rate or breathing time. TVOC were detected at high concentrations at the start of breathing, with a minimum of approximately 400 ppb and a maximum of 4,000 ppb. No target VOCs or metal elements were detected, while trace amount of phthalates were detected in non-certified reusable masks. The results of this study suggest that while TVOCs exhibit momentarily high concentrations shortly after the onset of breathing, hazardous substances derived from masks are either not inhaled or are inhaled only in trace. To reduce high concentrations of TVOCs, it is recommended to open the mask storage bag and briefly expose the mask to air, allowing the concentration to diffuse before use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109296"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation effects of folic acid and vitamin D on the relationships between prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure and preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems","authors":"Li-wen Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Chen Han ,&nbsp;Bei-bei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yi-fan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Min-min Jiang ,&nbsp;Ya-fei Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-han Shan ,&nbsp;Hua-yan Mo ,&nbsp;Kun Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Fang-biao Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The results of current population-based studies exploring the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children’s behavioral problems are not completely consistent. In addition, it is not clear whether vitamins improve phthalate-induced health risks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was based on the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort, which included 2910 mother-child pairs. To assess children’s behavior, we used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A latent category growth model was used to model the scores of each subscale of the SDQ. Quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression were applied to analyze the effect of prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure was associated with the “borderline and abnormal emotional symptoms” trajectory (β = 0.146, 95 % CI = −0.0003, 0.292), affecting girls more in emotional areas, and boys in conduct areas. There was an interaction effect between folic acid supplementation, vitamin D levels and phthalate mixtures on the risk of abnormal emotional behavior in children, which was reflected mainly in prosocial behavior and conduct problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prenatal cumulative phthalate exposure increased the risk of abnormal emotional symptoms in children, and there were sex differences. The duration of folic acid supplementation and vitamin D level can affect the effects of cumulative phthalate exposure on emotion and behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109284"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of acute respiratory infection attributable to fine particulate matter brought by dust storms among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Hong Lu ,&nbsp;Mingkun Tong ,&nbsp;Ruohan Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Kang ,&nbsp;Xueqiu Ni ,&nbsp;Jianyu Deng ,&nbsp;Jiajianghui Li ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Tianjia Guan ,&nbsp;Tong Zhu ,&nbsp;Tao Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109295","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter brought by dust storms (dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;) poses a significant risk to children's health, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To quantify the impact of dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; on children, current research focuses on acute respiratory infection (ARI) as a key health outcome, given its significant contribution to child mortality. However, the relationship used to evaluate the disease burden is mainly based on the total PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, neglecting the specific effect of dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; distinct from other PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;.This study aimed to develop a dust-specific exposure–response function (ERF) of ARI in children &lt;5 years of age (U5-ARI) for future risk assessments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We combined population data derived from the Demographic and Health Survey covering 53 LMICs, with environmental data, including the gridded concentration of dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. ARI in children &lt;5 years of age (U5-ARI) was the outcome of interest, which was defined by a standard questionnaire-based method. The dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure was derived from the integration of two well-recognized datasets, and matched to each participant at the community level. We analyzed the linear association between the annual average dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration and the odds of U5-ARI with logistic regression and fixed effects after adjusting for multiple covariates. We also used the spline method to develop a dust-specific ERF. Based on the function, we estimated the burden of dust-associated U5-ARI across 100 LMICs and compared it with the results from two well-established functions of total PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; mass.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The analysis of 1,223,118 children showed that a 10 μg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; increase in dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; was associated with a 7.43% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.77–10.15%) increase in the odds of U5-ARI. The spline model indicated that the risk of U5-ARI increased monotonically and linearly with dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentration with no evident effect threshold. In 2017, based on the dust-specific ERF, across the 100 LMICs, the number of dust-associated U5-ARI was estimated to be 159,000 (95% CI: 153,000–165,000), which was consistently higher than the estimates from ERFs based on total PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; mass (142,000 [95% CI: 97,000–181,000] or 114,000 [95% CI: 80,000–153,000]). The long-term dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; exposure contributed to 12–13% of all the children affected by U5-ARI between 2000 and 2017. The geographic hotspots were the arid and populous areas of South Asia and Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study provides critical insight into the association between long-term exposure to dust PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and the health of children in LMICs, highlighting the need for specific ERFs to distinguish the adverse effects of different PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109295"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological risks of PFAS in China’s surface water: A machine learning approach","authors":"Xinmiao Huang ,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Song ,&nbsp;Zilin Han ,&nbsp;Yilan Shu ,&nbsp;Jiaheng Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhengqiu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water can pose risks to ecosystems, while due to data limitations, the occurrence, risks, and future trends of PFAS at large scales remain unknown. This study investigated the ecological risks of PFAS in surface water in China under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) using machine learning modeling, based on concentration data collected from 167 published papers. The results indicated that long-chain PFAS currently dominated in most basins and posed significant risks, especially PFOA. Population density and temperature were key factors influencing risks of long-chain PFAS, while secondary industry and precipitation affected the risks of PFBS and PFHxS significantly, respectively. In the future, the ecological risks of long-chain PFAS would overall decrease, with risk probabilities of PFOA and PFOS decreasing significantly in SSP5 (8.15 % and 14.95 % reduction compared to 2020, respectively). The risks of short-chain PFAS were expected to increase, but stabilize in the late stage of SSP1. Nevertheless, the risks of long-chain PFAS would remain higher than those of short-chain PFAS, with high-risk areas concentrated in Southeast China. This study suggests changes in ecological risks of PFAS driven by future climate and human activities, providing new insights for risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109290"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex- and trimester-specific impact of gestational co-exposure to organophosphate esters and phthalates on insulin action among preschoolers: Findings from the Ma’anshan birth cohort","authors":"Hong Gan ,&nbsp;Mengjuan Lu ,&nbsp;Juan Tong ,&nbsp;Huijuan Li ,&nbsp;Qiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Feifei Han ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Wang ,&nbsp;Shuangqin Yan ,&nbsp;Kun Huang ,&nbsp;Qunan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Beibei Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Fangbiao Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is ubiquitous among pregnant individuals. However, research exploring the relationship between prenatal co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs and childhood insulin function remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, utilizing data from 2,246 maternal-fetal dyads in the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort, associations between co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs and insulin action were analyzed. Repeated measures of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, six OPE metabolites, and seven PAE metabolites were collected from maternal urine. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the insulin action index (IAI) served as outcome measures. After adjusting for potential confounders, the effects of repeated exposure on insulin action were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, while mixture effects were assessed through BayesianKernel Machine Regression and Quantile-Based G-Computation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age of the children at the time of the study was 5.33 years. Repeated measures analysis revealed that prenatal exposure to MEP was positively associated with increased HOMA-IR (<em>β</em>, 0.027; 95 % <em>CI</em>: 0.002, 0.053), while IAI was inversely correlated with rising MEP levels (<em>β</em>, 0.025; 95 % <em>CI</em>: −0.046, −0.004) and MEHHP exposure (<em>β</em>, −0.128; 95 % <em>CI</em>: −0.218, −0.037). Mixed exposure modeling further indicated that co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs was positively linked to HOMA-IR (<em>β</em>, 0.058; 95 % <em>CI</em>: 0.001, 0.114) and negatively correlated with IAI (<em>β</em>, −0.054; 95 % <em>CI</em>: −0.097, −0.010), with stronger effects observed during the second trimester. Notably, the association was more pronounced in female children compared to males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the first epidemiological evidence highlighting the pregnancy- and sex-specific links between prenatal co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs and childhood insulin action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109287"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}