Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Short-term respiratory cadmium exposure causes pulmonary function decline accompanied by upregulation of sphingolipid synthesis in mouse lungs","authors":"Zhu-Xia Tan ,&nbsp;Xue Lu ,&nbsp;Hao-Yu Liao ,&nbsp;Ya-Xin Yao ,&nbsp;Zhi-Bing Liu ,&nbsp;Nan-Nan Liang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Wang ,&nbsp;De-Xiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a respiratory toxicant. Previous reports have confirmed that chronic respiratory Cd exposure causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like lesions in a murine model. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of short-term Cd exposure on lung function. Adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to Cd through inhaling different concentrations of cadmium chloride aerosols (25 mg/L or 100 mg/L, 2 h per day) for 5 days. Serum Cd was quantified by ICP-MS. Lung histopathology and lung function were evaluated. Pulmonary inflammatory cytokines were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Untargeted metabolomics, transcriptome sequencing, and targeted lipidomics were used to explore the mechanism. Serum Cd level was slightly elevated and alveolar structure was mildly damaged in Cd-exposed mice. An obvious lung function decline was observed, accompanied by upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in Cd-exposed mouse lungs. Untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that pulmonary lipid metabolism was disrupted in Cd-exposed mice. Lipidomics confirmed that sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine, were significantly increased in Cd-exposed mouse lungs. Pulmonary SPTLC1, an essential subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for ceramide de novo synthesis, and ceramide synthases, such as CerS2 and CerS6, were elevated in Cd-exposed mice. The present results provide experimental data that short-term environmental exposure causes pulmonary function decline probably by upregulating pulmonary sphingolipid synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109775"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PM2.5 from prescribed burning and emergency department visits in 11 Southeastern US states","authors":"Jennifer D. Stowell ,&nbsp;Kamal J. Maji ,&nbsp;Zongrun Li ,&nbsp;Yongtao Hu ,&nbsp;Ambarish Vaidyanathan ,&nbsp;Chad Milando ,&nbsp;Armistead G. Russell ,&nbsp;Patrick L. Kinney ,&nbsp;M. Talat Odman ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Wellenius","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Longer, more severe wildfire seasons are becoming the norm in fire-prone areas. Prescribed burning is a tool used to mitigate wildfire spread. However, prescribed burning also contributes to air pollution, including PM_2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt;= 2.5 µm). While the health impacts of wildfire smoke (WFS) are well-studied, relatively less is known about the effects of prescribed fire smoke (PFS). Our study leverages healthcare claims available for residents of 11 Southeastern US states (2013–2021) to investigate the health impacts associated with PFS. We used a chemical transport model (CTM) and data fusion-based method to estimate county-level outdoor PFS-specific PM_2.5 concentrations and employed a time-stratified case-crossover design to quantify the relative risk of emergency department (ED) visits associated with PM_2.5 levels lagged 0–3 days. Models adjusted for non-prescribed fire PM_2.5 and O₃, temperature, humidity, and holidays. We also examined how relative risks varied across population subgroups. PFS-specific PM_2.5 was associated with a relative risk of ED visits for non-external causes (1.01, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.02) comparing 4.3 µg/m₃ (95th percentile) versus 0 µg/m³, upper respiratory infections (1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.07), and ischemic heart disease (1.06, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.11). We did not observe an increased risk for overall respiratory outcomes, asthma, or COPD, which differs from published WFS findings. Relative risks varied across outcomes and modestly across population subgroups defined by age and markers of social vulnerability. However, after correcting for multiple comparisons, these differences were not significant. Some findings differed from associations previously reported elsewhere for WFS, highlighting the need for direct comparisons of the health impacts of WFS versus PFS for evaluating safety of prescribed burning as a fire management tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109770"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic degradation of hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene by Cupriavidus nantongensis HB4B5: Dechlorination mechanisms and bioremediation potential","authors":"Xin Geng ,&nbsp;Jintong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Sai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongying Yu ,&nbsp;Shaojuan Gan ,&nbsp;Chengmin Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Jianping Han ,&nbsp;Yuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), are highly toxic and persistent pollutants that pose significant ecological and human health risks. Their chemical stability makes them particularly resistant to biodegradation. In this study, we isolated and characterized <em>Cupriavidus nantongensis</em> HB4B5, a novel aerobic bacterium capable of efficiently degrading HCB and PCNB, without the accumulation of toxic intermediates. The strain demonstrated high tolerance to multiple OCPs (HCB, PCNB, hexachlorocyclohexane, and chlordane), utilizing them as carbon sources. Within 7 days, strain HB4B5 achieved degradation rates of 91.74 % for HCB and 79.75 % for PCNB. Whole genome sequencing revealed that HB4B5 not only degrades polysubstituted chlorobenzene through aerobic dechlorination but also possesses genetic markers for degrading other aromatic pollutants, establishing its potential as a bioremediation candidate for contaminated sites. Notably, we functionally characterized two flavoprotein monooxygenases (C-hcbA and C-pcpB) as key catalysts in chlorobenzene dechlorination. Catalytic assays confirmed their involvement in HCB degradation and revealed a novel <em>meta</em>-position degradation pathway that prevents toxic intermediate accumulation. Optimal degradation conditions were established at 35 °C/pH 7 for HCB and 30 °C/pH 7 for PCNB. This study provides the first evidence of HCB degradation by a <em>Cupriavidus</em> species and highlights the potential of strain HB4B5 as a bioremediation agent for sites contaminated with complex chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109761"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics reprogramed pulmonary metabolisms mediated by immune regulation of myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor 1α","authors":"Ziniu Wang ,&nbsp;Junran Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Gang Tang ,&nbsp;Meilin Lv ,&nbsp;Yaquan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiexia Cheng ,&nbsp;Hua Qin ,&nbsp;Yun Ding ,&nbsp;Xinyue Yang ,&nbsp;Linlin Yao ,&nbsp;Liqun Chen ,&nbsp;Runzeng Liu ,&nbsp;Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Chunzhen Shi ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Jianbo Shi ,&nbsp;Guangbo Qu ,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to nanoplastics (NPs), a pervasive environmental pollutant, presents potential health risks. Pulmonary exposure to NPs has been shown to disrupt both pulmonary metabolic status and immune homeostasis, leading to concerns about their impact on respiratory health and systemic well-being. However, the underlying linkage and mechanisms remain elusive. Following intratracheal instillation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) (5 μg/day for six weeks) in C57BL/6 mice, a combined approach of flow cytometry and metabolome analysis was applied to elucidate the interplay between metabolic and immune responses. Histopathological analysis indicated adverse lung effects from PS-NP exposure, characterized by immune cell infiltration and fibrosis. Flow cytometry analysis of lung immune cells further showed increased Ly6C^low monocyte and decreased neutrophil proportions. Metabolome analysis of the lungs of PS-NP-exposed mice revealed a metabolic shift with activated glycolysis and biosynthetic pathways. Such metabolic changes were consistent with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-mediated upregulation of glycolysis, a metabolic phenotype commonly mimicking that of the activated myeloid cells during inflammation. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated glycolysis activation in the lungs and confirmed HIF-1α activation in myeloid cells using an <em>in vitro</em> RAW 264.7 macrophage model. To further investigate the contribution of HIF-1α in myeloid cells in lung metabolism, a myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α-deficient (<em>Lyz2^cre Hif1a^f/f</em>) mouse model was employed. A shortened 2-week exposure experiment confirmed the indispensable role of HIF-1α in myeloid cells for metabolic modulation during PS-NP exposure. Spearman correlation analysis identified associations between immune cell populations and HIF-1α-related metabolites, suggesting potential crosstalk between HIF-1α-mediated metabolic alterations and immune changes induced by PS-NPs. Our study reveals the critical role of HIF-1α in myeloid cells in modulating lung metabolism and its potential crosstalk with the immune system, offering novel insights on the progression of NP-induced pulmonary toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109777"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and colorectal cancer: Evidence from in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies","authors":"Devendra Paudel ,&nbsp;Haonan Li ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Holzhausen ,&nbsp;Nathan Young ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Platz ,&nbsp;Douglas I. Walker ,&nbsp;Donghai Liang ,&nbsp;Max Aung ,&nbsp;Jesse A. Goodrich ,&nbsp;Veronica Wendy Setiawan ,&nbsp;Loic Le Marchand ,&nbsp;Brian Z. Huang ,&nbsp;David V. Conti ,&nbsp;Lida Chatzi ,&nbsp;Tanya L. Alderete","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals that contaminate air, water, soil, and food. Due to their widespread use, PFAS are detectable in most of the US population, raising concerns about potential health impacts, including a possible association with colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a scoping review of previously published studies to consolidate the current understanding of PFAS and its effect on CRC risk, identify knowledge gaps, and propose future directions for research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published through December 2024 that examined PFAS exposure in relation to CRC risk or progression. Data were independently extracted using a standardized protocol and structured according to a predefined Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) framework. To evaluate internal validity, studies were categorized by evidence stream (<em>in vitro</em>, animal, and epidemiological) and assessed using established quality appraisal criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-six studies were identified, including 5 reviews, 3 <em>in vitro</em> studies, 6 animal studies, and 12 epidemiological studies. <em>In vitro</em> research consistently demonstrates that PFAS exposure promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration, highlighting key mechanistic pathways. However, findings from animal and epidemiological studies are mixed, with some indicating increased intestinal tumorigenesis while others report null or protective effects. Notably, major studies were cross-sectional, retrospective, or ecological, emphasizing the need for high-quality longitudinal research to clarify PFAS’s role in CRC risk and progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Evidence on the relationship between PFAS exposure and CRC risk remains limited and inconclusive. Large-scale, prospective epidemiological studies that incorporate biomarker-based exposure assessment, including pre-diagnostic PFAS levels, diverse populations, and rigorous study design are needed to clarify the role of PFAS in CRC development. Such research could provide the role of PFAS in CRC development and progression, guiding public health policies and support targeted interventions to reduce CRC risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109778"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of medicines and biocides. A One Health approach","authors":"Arturo Anadón ,&nbsp;James Bridges ,&nbsp;Jose V Tarazona","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent use of medicines and biocides is essential for ensuring human and animal health including the control of zoonosis (infectious animal diseases transferable to humans) and animal welfare. Current marketing authorization and pharmacovigilance approaches however don’t address sustainability. An integrated methodology is vital to address their global impact. A One Health concept is proposed which integrates social, economic and environmental considerations into a single trusted assessment of sustainability based on benefits and risks for humans, animals and ecosystems health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109768"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated chemical exposome–metabolome profiling of follicular fluid and associations with fertility outcomes during assisted reproduction","authors":"Anna S. Young ,&nbsp;Chris Gennings ,&nbsp;Martha E. Braselton ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Mullins ,&nbsp;Parth Jariwala ,&nbsp;Donghai Liang ,&nbsp;Jessica B. Spencer ,&nbsp;Alicia K. Smith ,&nbsp;Heather Hipp ,&nbsp;Weirong Shang ,&nbsp;Sina Abhari ,&nbsp;Anna K. Knight ,&nbsp;Audrey J. Gaskins ,&nbsp;Douglas I. Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been linked to impaired ovarian function and fertility. However, most research has focused on small numbers of known chemicals in blood or urine. We aimed to measure the untargeted chemical exposome and metabolome in follicular fluid, a more toxicologically relevant reproductive biofluid, and evaluate associations with outcomes of controlled ovarian stimulation. Follicular fluid was collected from 82 patients undergoing egg retrieval for assisted reproduction in Atlanta and analyzed using untargeted gas (GC) and liquid (LC) chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In single-chemical regression and mixture models (weighted quantile sum with random subsets), we estimated associations of chemicals with retrieved oocyte count, adjusted for age, race, smoking, and ovarian stimulation protocol. In over 90% of follicular fluid samples, we detected 82 confirmed exogenous chemicals with known identities as plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. About 3,081 of the untargeted detected features were individually associated with fewer retrieved oocytes after multiple-testing correction. In the GC environmental mixture model, 587 untargeted chemical features were jointly associated with 21% fewer retrieved oocytes (95% CI: −30 %, −12 %) per standard-deviation (SD) increase in exposure, compared to average single-chemical effects of −10 % per SD. Twenty metabolic pathways were associated with chemical mixture indices and oocyte count, including methionine, nicotinamide, glycine, pyrimidine, selenocompounds, tryptophan, phenylacetate, and biopterin metabolism. Our findings suggest that complex chemical mixtures infiltrate oocyte microenvironments and may impair ovarian reserve through diverse mechanisms. Discovery-based untargeted exposomic approaches uncover new exposures of potential concern and highlight the larger effects of cumulative mixtures than any single chemical alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109787"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of plasma persistent organic pollutants with brain atrophy, cognitive decline and risk of dementia in older adults","authors":"Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast ,&nbsp;Pierre Scala ,&nbsp;Aurore Zorilla ,&nbsp;Catherine Helmer ,&nbsp;Jade Chaker ,&nbsp;Arthur David ,&nbsp;Fabien Mercier ,&nbsp;Cécilia Samieri","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, are established neurotoxicants in experimental models; yet it remains uncertain whether exposures in the general population increase the risk to develop brain aging pathologies. We assessed the prospective associations of plasma POP concentrations with three dementia-related outcomes in a population-based cohort of older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses included 515 participants from the Three-City Study, free of dementia at baseline at the time of blood measurements (1999–2000, mean age 72.5), who underwent up to 8 repeated assessments of cognitive function and dementia over 17 years and up to 3 neuroimaging examinations over 10 years. Plasma concentrations of 15 PCBs, 12 organochlorine pesticides and 1 brominated flame retardant were measured by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (detection rate ≥5 %), and a POP score summarizing overall exposure was derived via factorial analysis. Associations with dementia risk, longitudinal changes in cognitive function (composite measure of four tests) and in brain volume (medial temporal lobe) were analyzed using Cox and linear mixed models, adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, body mass index and total lipid concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In multivariable-adjusted models, neither individual POPs nor the total POP score were significantly and consistently associated with dementia-related outcomes. Significant interactions were observed between APOE genotype and highly-chlorinated PCBs (congeners 180, 194, and 196–203) across all outcomes (p for interaction ≤0.05), whereby adverse associations were seen in carriers of the APOE-ɛ4 allele, whereas opposing trends were observed in non-carriers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, this prospective study does not provide robust evidence to support an adverse association between exposure to POPs in the general population and the risk of all-cause dementia, cognitive decline, or brain atrophy in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109756"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The increase in wastewater-sourced resistome elevated the prevalence and risk of riverine antibiotic resistance in wet season","authors":"Fang-Zhou Gao ,&nbsp;Li-Xin Hu ,&nbsp;You-Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Liang-Ying He ,&nbsp;Hong Bai ,&nbsp;Lu-Kai Qiao ,&nbsp;Zi-Yin Chen ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Feng Ju ,&nbsp;Jianhua Guo ,&nbsp;Guang-Guo Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent rainfall events can trigger sewer overflows and surface runoff, facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to downstream aquatic environments. However, the dynamic hydrologic conditions during rainfalls complicate the behavior of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), making it challenging to trace their sources and assess associated risks. Here, we integrated global resistome data to investigate the distribution, sources, and AMR risks of ARGs in the Xiangjiang River during the wet season, in comparison to the dry season. The number of detected ARGs increased by 11% in water and 9% in sediment during the wet season. Despite dilution by river discharge, both absolute and relative abundances of total ARGs were significantly elevated during the wet season, indicating substantial external ARG inputs. Source tracking revealed that soil was the dominant contributor in both seasons (average 61.7%), while the proportion of wastewater-derived ARGs rose significantly in the wet season (average 30.6%) and positively correlated with ARG abundance, suggesting wastewater as a primary driver of ARG influx. Additionally, the increased detection of Risk Rank I and emerging ARGs in river water highlights heightened AMR risks during the wet season. In contrast, sediment ARG profiles were relatively stable across seasons, with fewer ARGs traced back to river water during the wet season (average 51.0%) compared to the dry season (65.5%). The low abundance and rarity of high-risk and emerging ARGs suggest minimal AMR risks in sediment. Overall, our findings underscore the critical role of rainfall-driven wastewater input in shaping riverine AMR dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109769"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene particles induces asthma-like Th2-mediated lung injury through IL-33 secretion","authors":"Jong-Hwan Woo ,&nbsp;Mi-Kyung Song ,&nbsp;Seung Hoon Baek ,&nbsp;Chan Ju Park ,&nbsp;Jun Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Bumseok Kim ,&nbsp;Kyuhong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics, particularly polystyrene (PS), are extensively used worldwide, especially in disposable packaging, which contributes to environmental pollution by generating microplastic particles. Herein, we investigated the pulmonary toxic effects of PS microplastics, focusing on airway inflammation and immune response. PS microplastic (50 nm to 1 μm) exposure was more likely to cause a severe pulmonary inflammatory response, particularly with smaller particle sizes. PS microplastic nose-only inhalation led to pulmonary toxic effects, which is specifically focusing on airborne microplastic exposure via inhalation in humans. We demonstrated that PS microplastic exposure in mice led to significant asthma-like symptoms, including airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchial epithelial mucus cell hyperplasia, and Th2 immune responses through the IL-33 signalling pathway. Additionally, spatial transcriptome analysis indicated that epithelial cells drive the IL-33 signalling pathway and Th2 cell activation within PS-induced lung injury. PS-stimulated primary epithelial cells with the conditioned medium treatment in C57BL/6 mouse-derived splenocytes increased the Th2 immune response, including cytokine levels and mRNA expression. Meanwhile, Th2-mediated lung inflammation induced by PS exposure was effectively regulated by an IL-33 inhibitor or dexamethasone treatment. These findings enhance our understanding of the toxicological implications of microplastic exposure in the respiratory system and assist in developing potential mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109772"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}