Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Associations of phenols, parabens, and phthalate compounds related to personal care products with osteoarthritis: evidence from population-based and network toxicology studies","authors":"Xiuwen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Liu ,&nbsp;Fanwei Sun ,&nbsp;Ting You ,&nbsp;Huaili Feng ,&nbsp;Jinwen Yao ,&nbsp;Yi Liao ,&nbsp;Weijuan Liang ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingfu Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic musculoskeletal disease leading to significant disability worldwide, exacerbated by environmental factors and exposure to personal care products (PCPs). This study investigated the associations between phenols, parabens, and phthalates related to PCPs and OA. The relationship between 14 PCPs-related chemicals in urine and the prevalence of OA in 6,972 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was assessed using generalized linear models. MCiOP, BP-3, BPA, MeP, and PrP were identified as having a significant positive correlation with OA. Furthermore, non-linear associations with OA for BP-3 and BPA was found by restricted cubic splines. Additionally, the mixed exposure models such as Weighted Quantile Sum, Quantile G-computation, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression indicated an overall positive association between PCPs-related chemicals and OA. Network toxicology analysis identified 37 potential target genes influenced by PCPs on OA. Among these, MFAP5, PRELP, and CLEC3B were selected as key targets by the optimal machine learning model (LASSO + GBM). Finally, molecular docking technology validated the interactions between MFAP5 and PRELP with PCPs-related chemicals. In summary, we herein reveal that phenols, parabens, and phthalates related to PCPs are significantly associated with the prevalence of OA, and MFAP5 and PRELP may be potential targets through which PCPs affect OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109796"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heatwaves and plasma sodium disturbances in patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Adrien Flahault ,&nbsp;Alexandre Panico ,&nbsp;Grégory Fifre ,&nbsp;Ziad A Massy ,&nbsp;Luc Frimat ,&nbsp;Florian Bayer ,&nbsp;Marie Metzger ,&nbsp;Natalia Alencar de Pinho ,&nbsp;Emeline Lequy","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Climate change and subsequent warmer temperatures may affect kidney and electrolyte-water balance, reflected by plasma sodium. Plasma sodium alterations are common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to determine whether heatwaves were associated with plasma sodium levels in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained 38,740 plasma sodium measurements from 2964 patients with moderate or severe CKD, under nephrology care, in France, prospectively followed-up in the CKD-REIN study. Patients undergoing dialysis and patients with kidney transplant were not included. We estimated multinomial odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for abnormal plasma sodium levels associated with heatwave exposure in the past 3, 8 or 15 days. We used local temperature data to assess exposure to heatwaves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 5 years, 1730 (4.5 %) plasma sodium measurements were ≤ 135 mmol/L (hyponatremia) and 2797 (7.2 %) ≥ 145 mmol/L (hypernatremia). Thiazide diuretic use was associated with increased odds of hyponatremia, while loop diuretic use was associated with increased odds of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Summer season was associated with higher odds of hyponatremia. Exposure to at least 3 days of heatwave in the past 8 days was associated with increased odds of lower plasma sodium levels (OR [95 %CI]: 1.48 [1.10, 1.99]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heatwaves, particularly sustained ones, expose patients with CKD to hyponatremia. Generic recommendations to increase water intake during high temperatures may heighten this risk and are therefore inappropriate for this population. Plasma sodium monitoring should be considered for several weeks following a heatwave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109800"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum, urinary and fecal concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances after interventions with cholestyramine/colesevelam and probenecid – cross-over trials in Ronneby, Sweden","authors":"Axel G. Andersson ,&nbsp;Yiyi Xu ,&nbsp;Anna Kärrman ,&nbsp;Julia Cederlund ,&nbsp;Christian H. Lindh ,&nbsp;Daniela Pineda ,&nbsp;Tony Fletcher ,&nbsp;Kristina Jakobsson ,&nbsp;Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) such as perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are very long-lived in humans, with serum half-lives of several years. In PFAS hot spots, such as Ronneby, Sweden, high exposures over time have led to markedly elevated serum PFAS levels, which may result in health risks as well as transfer to the next generation through pregnancy and breastfeeding. Bile acid sequestrants and organic anion transporter inhibitors are drug candidates for increasing PFAS elimination in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a cross-over, clinical study in 10 individuals from Ronneby, Sweden. First, participants were given the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine and the organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid for 1 week each. Urinary and fecal concentrations were measured prior, during and after the administration. Then, the changes of serum PFAS concentrations during a 12-week intervention with the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam were compared to a control period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population was mainly exposed to PFHxS (serum mean 50 ng/mL, range 5.8–170), PFOS (serum mean 46 ng/mL, range 9.2–130) and PFOA (serum mean 2.2, range 0.7–4.4). Cholestyramine intervention increased the serum adjusted fecal PFOS concentrations by 23.1 times (95 %CI: 13.6, 39.2), while probenecid was associated with 0.79 times (95 %CI 0.63, 1.0) serum-adjusted urinary PFOS concentrations, compared to no intervention. The 12-week intervention with colesevelam resulted in a mean serum PFOS decline of 38 % (95 %CI −42, −34), compared to 2 % (95 %CI −8, 5) in the control period. The decline was smaller for PFHxS and PFOA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bile acid sequestrants could be used for accelerating PFAS excretion in highly PFAS exposed individuals. Studies are needed to evaluate the risks, costs and benefits of using it for this purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109794"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of human and animal evidence","authors":"Rachel M. Shaffer, Laura M. Carlson, Kirstin Hester, Haesoo Kim, Parker Duffney, Jenna E. Forsyth, Greg Ferraro, Christine Till, Amanda Haddock, Jenna Strawbridge, Charles C. Lanfear, Zahra Gohari, Alexandra L. Lee, Howard Hu, Ellen Kirrane","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109786","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Despite decades of research and interventions, lead (Pb) exposure remains a global public health concern. In addition to well-documented impacts on cognition, there is growing evidence of Pb’s impacts on antisocial behaviors, including aggression, conduct or antisocial disorders, and violation of social norms. We conduct a systematic review on the association between Pb and antisocial behavior from human and animal data.<h3>Methods</h3>We followed our protocol with selected modifications for practicality. Peer-reviewed epidemiological and toxicology literature from PubMed, BIOSIS, and Web of Science were searched through June 2024 and screened for relevance, leveraging machine-learning. Details for each Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO)-relevant study were summarized. Studies were evaluated for potential bias and sensitivity according to predefined metrics through the Health Assessment Workspace Collaborative (HAWC) system. Evidence was synthesized by sub-outcome (human: aggression; antisocial diagnoses or domains; violation of social norms; animal: aggression; social behavior) based on approach adapted from the U.S. EPA.<h3>Results</h3>More than 15,000 studies were identified. After screening and scoping refinements, 43 epidemiological and 37 animal studies were included for narrative review. In the epidemiological database, there was lack of comparability in outcome assessment methods, precluding quantitative <em>meta</em>-analysis. Human and animal evidence for impacts on aggression was <em>slight.</em> Human and animal evidence for impacts on antisocial-related disorders or domains and social behavior, respectively, was <em>moderate</em>. Human evidence for impacts on violation of social norms was <em>moderate</em>.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Our updated review of epidemiological and toxicological evidence indicates that Pb likely causes antisocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and spatial distribution of population exposure to extreme precipitation in China during 2000–2019","authors":"Yiran Ma ,&nbsp;Yiran Lyu ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Shilu Tong ,&nbsp;Jie Ban","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme precipitation events are becoming more frequent and intense as the globe warms, which increases threats to public health. Exploring the population exposure to extreme precipitation, especially under the dual impacts of climate change, population aging and urbanization, is essential for understanding the determinants of such exposure and taking adaptive actions. In this study, we explored the trends and spatial distribution of population exposure to extreme precipitation in China during 2000–2019. We found that about 80% of regions in China experienced increased exposure to extreme precipitation during 2010–2019, compared to the period of 2000–2009. The maximum probability density (MPD) extreme precipitation days and population exposure both increased in all three types of extreme precipitation events with different strengths. We found the age pattern of exposure noticeably shifted from children in 2000–2009 to the elderly in 2010–2019. Extremely high-level exposure concentrated in the urban built-up areas rather than the non-urban built-up areas. These findings support to identify the high-risk regions and populations, which should be considered as priorities when planning the adaptation actions to cope with increasing extreme precipitation events under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109793"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment and application of sewer-derived aerobic methanotrophs to enhance gaseous methane removal in sewers","authors":"Xin Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Yuqi Yang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xing Xin ,&nbsp;Jiane Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane emission from sewer systems persists as a dual environmental threat, combining explosion risks with potent greenhouse gas impacts. Current methane removal strategies have primarily targeted biofilm and wastewater phases by chemical dosing; however, microbial adaptation and fluctuating water quality often reduce the control efficiency, incurring high chemical costs. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel microbial approach that utilizes aerobic methanotrophs for direct gaseous methane oxidation. Sewer-derived microbes was discovered to exhibit a high methane oxidation capacity of 0.30 μmol/(h·g). The sewer-derived methanotrophs were then successfully enriched, with a high methane oxidation rate of more than 200 mg CH₄/(g DCW·d). Leveraging the enriched aerobic methanotrophs, an innovative in-situ gaseous methane control strategy was developed. Methane emission reduction reached 85.6 % in a sewer reactor under prolonged operation, and microbial activity could be restored following easy and flexible reactivation treatment. Notably, hydrogen sulfide could be eliminated in this reactor, attributed to biochar-mediated adsorption and subsequent chemolithotrophic oxidation, which demonstrates the multifunctionality of the hybrid system. High-throughput sequencing and metagenomic sequencing further revealed <em>Methylocystis</em> (15 %-20 % relative abundance) and <em>Methylophilus</em> (17 %-46 % relative abundance) as core functional species that exhibit significant potential for carbon emission reduction in sewer systems. These results can demonstrate an economical and environmentally friendly solution to both gaseous methane and hydrogen sulfide removal in sewers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109798"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the toxicity secrets of eugenol-like compounds: from interaction mechanisms to treatment strategies","authors":"Wenwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eugenol, isoeugenol, and methyleugenol are among the most widely used natural phenolic compounds in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of eugenol-like compounds through integrating network toxicology, computational modeling, <em>in vitro</em> experiments, and disease bioinformatics. First, we established their association with liver diseases using toxicity prediction databases and published literature. Next, we anchored their core targets for inducing liver injury and liver cancer, particularly the top five targets—EGFR, SRC, HSP90AA1, TNF, and ESR1—through various compound, disease, and protein–protein interaction databases, alongside Cytoscape software. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation, combined with surface plasmon resonance experiments, confirmed stable binding of these compounds to core proteins. Functional enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment of these targets in cancer-related pathways, signal transduction, viral infectious diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, and immune systems. Notably, chemical carcinogenesis–receptor activation and the IL-17 signaling pathway emerged as key cancer and immune-related pathways influencing liver diseases. Using multi-omics databases and R software, we validated the prognostic significance of these core targets in liver cancer patients. Based on three independent prognostic markers (CHEK1, CYP2C9, and HSP90AA1), we developed a novel risk-scoring system with robust predictive efficacy and demonstrated their correlation with tumor microenvironment infiltration, particularly Th2 and Th17 cell infiltration. These novel mechanistic insights and improved approaches enable more accurate safety assessments for eugenol-like compounds-based consumer products while informing innovative therapeutic strategies that combine multi-target and multi-pathway intervention with immunomodulation for liver disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 109797"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-chain PFAS potently disrupt renal carboxylesterase activity and exacerbate nephrotoxicity: an investigation of the chain length-dependent nephrotoxicity of PFAS","authors":"Bo Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Han ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Gaoxiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuqin Liu ,&nbsp;Wenqi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are recognized as critical environmental health hazards, however, their toxicity mechanisms in specific organ systems remain poorly characterized. This study systematically investigated the chain length-dependent nephrotoxicity of PFAS and their inhibitory effects on renal carboxylesterase (CES) activity. <em>In vitro</em> experiments revealed that PFAS were cytotoxic to Human Kidney-2 (HK-2) cells in a dose-dependent and chain length-dependent manner. Furthermore functional group modification significantly affected the toxicity, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) showed the strongest toxic effects compared to fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) and perfluoroiodides of the same carbon chain length. PFAS inhibited CES activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with stronger inhibitory effects observed at higher concentrations. PFCA showed the strongest inhibition of CES activity and chain length-dependent manner. Molecular simulations indicated that the PFAS easily bind to CES, suggesting PFAS may affect the activity by affecting secondary structure of CES. <em>In vivo</em> experiments revealed that exposure to perfluorocapric acid (PFDA) in C57BL/6 mice significantly suppressed renal CES activity and induced kidney injury, whereas perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) exerted negligible effects. In addition, kidney weight was positively correlated with CES activity, suggesting a potential causal relationship between CES and PFAS-induced nephrotoxicity. Overall, this study not only provides new insights into the toxicological mechanisms of PFAS—laying a scientific foundation for the safety assessment of alternative compounds and the formulation of risk management strategies-but also validates the reliability of <em>in vitro</em> cell-based assays for the early screening of PFAS biotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109776"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mismatch between PM2.5 exposure and related health burden during 2000–2023 in the Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Hua Lu ,&nbsp;Min Xie ,&nbsp;Bojun Liu ,&nbsp;Junyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Shitong Chen ,&nbsp;Jinyue Jiang ,&nbsp;Bingliang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Danyang Ma ,&nbsp;Yangzhihao Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sichuan Basin (SCB) is a critical region in China facing the dual pressures of air pollution and population aging. This study constructed high resolution (1 km) PM_2.5 datasets for SCB using advanced machine learning approaches − Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (SRGAN) and Convolutional Neural Network − Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). Evaluation results demonstrate good performance of the machine learning model (SRGAN: R² = 0.93, RMSE = 0.08; CNN-LSTM: R² = 0.93, RMSE = 9.79 µg/m³). Our analysis reveals distinct temporal patterns in PM_2.5 exposure and related public health burdens (PHB), closely tied to major policy interventions including the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006), Clean Air Action (2013), and COVID-19 lockdown (2020). While PM_2.5 exposure followed a “rise-slight fall-rapid fall-stable” pattern, PHB exhibited a mismatched dynamics as “rise-slight rise-fall-rebound” with the variation rates of +28.2, +7.1 %, –23.9 % and 27.9 %. PHB in SCB grew by 33.9 % from 2000 to 2023, with Chengdu contributing 49.8 % to the total burden. Population aging led to 62.2 % increase in PHB and substantially offsetting gains from pollution control measures. Before the COVID-19 breakout, stable decrease baseline mortality rate (BMR) helped alleviated PHB with −3.1 %, −4.8 % and −9.4 % in three stages. But during the post-COVID period, increase BMR begun to contribute to the rise in PHB. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated policy approaches that simultaneously address air quality management and aging-related health vulnerabilities, particularly in urban centers where pollution and population density converge. Effective mitigation will require sustained, coordinated efforts across environmental and public health sectors to counteract the compounding effects of demographic change and environmental degradation.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>Population aging and mortality rate variations caused diverging trends in PM2.5 exposure and health burden during 2000–2023 in Sichuan Basin</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109766"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne microplastics and plastic additives in a school environment: identification, quantification, and associated inhalation risks","authors":"Ana Torres-Agullo ,&nbsp;Angeliki Karanasiou ,&nbsp;Isabella Charres ,&nbsp;Célia Alves ,&nbsp;Silvia Lacorte","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor and outdoor air pollution is related to adverse human health effects, especially in children due to their ongoing physical development. This study assesses airborne microplastics (MP) concentrations and associated inhalation risks in a school in Estarreja, Portugal, near a large industrial complex producing polyvinylchloride (PVC). PM₁₀ samples were collected over two campaigns (winter and spring) in four classrooms (ages 3–11 years) and adjacent outdoor areas. Airborne MP were determined by pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled to Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC-Orbitrap-MS) targeting ten common polymers. Six polymers, including polymethyl methacrylate, nylon-6,6, polypropylene, nitrile butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene were identified. Indoor MP average concentrations (21.8 ± 16.3 ng/m³, n = 35) were significantly higher than outdoor levels (13.4 ± 13.6 ng/m³, n = 36). Seasonal differences were observed, with higher MP concentrations in spring compared to winter. Based on the concentrations detected indoors, the daily inhalation dose was evaluated and revealed a median daily exposure to MP in children of 1.57 ± 0.93 ng kg bw^-1 d^-1. Additionally, a non-targeted chemometric method using Regions of Interest-Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating least squares (ROIMCR) identified co-occurring pollutants such as phthalates, pesticides, and nicotine. This is the first study to apply Pyr-GC-Orbitrap-MS combined with ROIMCR for simultaneous targeted and untargeted analysis of airborne MP in a school setting. The findings reveal continuous exposure of children to a complex mixture of MP and hazardous additives, emphasizing the need to include these compounds in indoor air quality assessments and to protect sensitive populations in educational environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109753"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}