Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Residential greenspace and lung function throughout childhood and adolescence in five European birth cohorts. A CADSET initiative","authors":"Carlos A. Valencia-Hernández ,&nbsp;Zhebin Yu ,&nbsp;Ulrike Gehring ,&nbsp;Gerard H. Koppelman ,&nbsp;Marie Standl ,&nbsp;Claudia Flexeder ,&nbsp;Tamara Schikowski ,&nbsp;Sara Kress ,&nbsp;Erik Melén ,&nbsp;Olena Gruzieva ,&nbsp;Mare Lõhmus ,&nbsp;Rosa Faner ,&nbsp;Alvar Agusti ,&nbsp;Jadwiga A. Wedzicha ,&nbsp;Judith Garcia-Aymerich ,&nbsp;Sarah Koch ,&nbsp;Mark Nieuwenhuijsen ,&nbsp;Aitana Lertxundi ,&nbsp;Ana Esplugues ,&nbsp;Ferran Ballester ,&nbsp;Elaine Fuertes","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether greenspace affects lung function is unclear. We explored associations between the level of greenness or presence of urban green space near the home with lung function measures taken repeatedly during childhood and adolescence in five European birth cohorts.</div><div>Lung function was measured by spirometry between six and 22 years (2–3 times), and 9,206 participants from BAMSE (Sweden), GINI/LISA South and GINI/LISA North (Germany), PIAMA (The Netherlands) and INMA (Spain) contributed at least one lung function measurement. The mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a 300 m buffer and presence of urban green space within a 300 m buffer (yes/no) were estimated at the home address at the time of each spirometry measurement. Cohort-specific associations were assessed using adjusted linear mixed models and combined in a random-effects <em>meta</em>-analysis.</div><div>Residential greenness was not associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC) or FEV₁/FVC in the <em>meta</em>-analysis (2.3 ml [-3.2, 7.9], 6.2 ml [-3.4, 15.7] and −0.1 [-0.3, 0.1] per 0.1 increase in NDVI, respectively), nor was having a nearby urban green space (−8.6 ml [–22.3, 5.0], −7.6 ml [-24.7, 9.4] and 0.0 [-0.4, 0.3], respectively). Heterogeneity was low to moderate (I² = 0 –39 %). Asthma, atopy, air pollution, sex, socioeconomic status and urbanization did not modify the null associations.</div><div>Using repeated data from five large independent European birth cohorts, we did not find associations between vegetation levels around the home or the presence of an urban green space and lung function levels during childhood and adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109493"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping chemicals across EU’s legal frameworks towards a ‘one substance, one assessment’ approach","authors":"Mathilda Andreassen,&nbsp;Christina Rudén,&nbsp;Marlene Ågerstrand","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemicals in the EU are mainly regulated based on their intended use. Each legal framework consists of requirements and guidance for hazard- and risk assessment, along with the associated decision processes e.g., registration or authorisation of chemicals for market access in the EU. As a single chemical may have multiple uses, it may be assessed under more than one framework, potentially leading to different assessment outcomes. To address this, the European Commission has introduced the ‘one substance, one assessment’ approach as part of the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability. The aims of the approach include streamlining risk assessment processes and reducing duplication of work in assessing the same chemical. This study aimed to map the scope of chemicals subject to assessment in multiple legal frameworks and to illustrate the importance of coordination and communication in chemical assessment processes. This was achieved by identifying chemicals that are either registered or have received specific approval for the EU market, and analysing their presence in different legal frameworks. Our findings showed that almost one-tenth of the substances identified were listed under more than one framework. However, there was a notable lack of coherent chemical identifiers available to accurately identify chemicals across the frameworks. Additionally, we identified the presence of phthalates, bisphenols and PFAS in EU frameworks to illustrate how a group-based approach to chemical assessment could be applied across different legal frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109460"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling PFAS hazard in European surface waters using an interpretable machine-learning model","authors":"Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wen ,&nbsp;Yangjie Li ,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Qunyue Wu ,&nbsp;Gang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as “forever chemicals”, are ubiquitous in surface waters and potentially threaten human health and ecosystems. Despite extensive monitoring efforts, PFAS risk in European surface waters remain poorly understood, as performing PFAS analyses in all surface waters is remarkably challenging. This study developed two machine-learning models to generate the first maps depicting the concentration levels and ecological risks of PFAS in continuous surface waters across 44 European countries, at a 2-km spatial resolution. We estimated that nearly eight thousand individuals were affected by surface waters with PFAS concentrations exceeding the European Drinking Water guideline of 100 ng/L. The prediction maps identified surface waters with high ecological risk and PFAS concentration (&gt;100 ng/L), primarily in Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Finland. Furthermore, we quantified the distance to the nearest PFAS point sources as the most critical factor (14%–19%) influencing the concentrations and ecological risks of PFAS. Importantly, we determined a threshold distance (4.1–4.9 km) from PFAS point sources, below which PFAS hazards in surface waters could be elevated. Our findings advance the understanding of spatial PFAS pollution in European surface waters and provide a guideline threshold to inform targeted regulatory measures aimed at mitigating PFAS hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109504"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of prenatal glyphosate exposure with child neurodevelopment in a Canadian pregnancy cohort study","authors":"Meaghan Hall ,&nbsp;Jillian Ashley-Martin ,&nbsp;Christine Till ,&nbsp;Janice Hu ,&nbsp;Bruce Lanphear ,&nbsp;Cynthia Curl ,&nbsp;Tye E. Arbuckle ,&nbsp;Michel Boivin ,&nbsp;Linda Booij ,&nbsp;Gina Muckle ,&nbsp;Mandy Fisher ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Asztalos ,&nbsp;Maryse F. Bouchard ,&nbsp;Amanda J. MacFarlane ,&nbsp;Carly Hyland","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Glyphosate is the most widely used pesticide worldwide. Few epidemiologic studies have examined the potential for neurotoxicity by glyphosate or its degradate, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA). We examined associations of maternal urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations with child cognitive, social, and behavioural functioning in participants enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Maternal urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were measured in first trimester spot urine samples. We assessed children’s cognition (IQ) at 3−4 years of age (n = 572) using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. Social (n = 566) and behavioural (n = 840) functioning were assessed using parent-report versions of the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 and Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2. We quantified associations between maternal urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations and child neurodevelopmental outcomes using multivariable linear regression models and assessed effect modification by child sex, maternal folic acid, and plasma folate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median (IQR) urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were 0.31 (0.33) μg/L and 0.25 (0.25) μg/L. Maternal urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were not significantly associated with children’s cognitive, social or behavioural functioning, and there was no evidence of effect modification. We found a non-significant inverse trend between maternal urinary AMPA concentrations and Performance IQ (B = -0.85; 95 %CI: −1.71,0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this primarily urban cohort of Canadian mother–child pairs, prenatal glyphosate and AMPA exposure were not significantly associated with child neurodevelopment. Further evaluation of glyphosate as a potential developmental neurotoxicant in a study with multiple urine samples per participant and at higher exposure levels is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109480"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin and microplastic leads to intrahepatic cholestasis, while long-term exposure decreases energy metabolism and increases the risk of obesity","authors":"Lirui Hou ,&nbsp;Yuhan Fu ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Lihong Fan ,&nbsp;Hongbo Hu ,&nbsp;Shutao Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics are pervasive pollutants that may pose a risk to human health. Studies have shown that both MPs and antibiotics adversely affect lipid metabolism and increase the risk of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether combined exposure to these pollutants intensify the cumulative detrimental effect on obesity and metabolism. This study demonstrated the impact of exposure to polystyrene MPs (PS, 25 nm) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), both individually and combined, for 30 d and 90 d on the hepatic metabolism of male C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that mice exposed to PS and CIP for either 30 d or 90 d exhibited lipid metabolism disorders such as increased body weight, enlarged adipocytes, triglyceride accumulation in the liver, and higher HDL-C. Differentially expressed hepatic proteins were identified via proteomic analysis. The findings indicated that exposure for 30 d caused abnormal bile acid (BA) secretion in the liver and inhibited the BA secretion pathway, which resulted in intrahepatic cholestasis. Furthermore, exposure for 90 d resolved cholestasis and reduced the overall number of differentially expressed proteins. Intestinal pathology revealed more severe damage after exposure for 30 d, while 90 d exposure decreased the adverse effect. Combined CIP and PS exposure caused damage to the organism. However, the adaptive capacity of the organism during prolonged exposure mitigated the damage caused by both, but did not imply the complete eradication of adverse effects. This study found that 90 d exposure to PS and CIP resulted in weight gain, possibly due to changes in the gut flora and suppressed energy metabolism. These results indicated that simultaneous exposure to CIP and PS exacerbated the adverse impact on the liver, causing short-term intrahepatic cholestasis. Prolonged exposure reduced the energy metabolism in the body, exhibiting varied toxicity outcomes and mechanisms at different exposure durations. This study offers novel insights into the effect of MPs and antibiotic CIP exposure on metabolic abnormalities and provides a scientific basis for assessing these risks. It also emphasizes that the adverse effect resulting from 30 d (short-term) toxic exposure may not persist and that long-term chronic toxicity needs warrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109511"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost video-based air quality estimation system using structured deep learning with selective state space modeling","authors":"Maqsood Ahmed ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yonglin Shen ,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Shahid Ali ,&nbsp;Ayaz Ali ,&nbsp;Aminjon Gulakhmadov ,&nbsp;Won-Ho Nam ,&nbsp;Nengcheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air quality is crucial for both public health and environmental sustainability. An efficient and cost-effective model is essential for accurate air quality predictions and proactive pollution control. However, existing research primarily focuses on single static image analysis, which does not account for the dynamic and temporal nature of air pollution. Meanwhile, research on video-based air quality estimation remains limited, particularly in achieving accurate multi-pollutant outputs. This study proposes Air Quality Prediction-Mamba (AQP-Mamba), a video-based deep learning model that integrates a structured Selective State Space Model (SSM) with a selective scan mechanism and a hybrid predictor (HP) to estimate air quality. The spatiotemporal forward and backward SSM dynamically adjusts parameters based on input, ensures linear complexity, and effectively captures long-range dependencies by bidirectional processing of spatiotemporal features through four scanning techniques (row-wise, column-wise, and their vertical reversals), which allows the model to accurately track pollutant concentrations and air quality variations over time. Thus, the model efficiently extracts spatiotemporal features from video and simultaneously performs regression (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and AQI), and classification (AQI) tasks, respectively. A high-quality outdoor hourly air quality dataset (LMSAQV) with 13,176 videos collected from six monitoring stations in Lahore, Pakistan, was utilized as the case study. The experimental results demonstrate that the AQP-Mamba significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art models, including VideoSwin-T, VideoMAE, I3D, VTHCL, and<!--> <!-->TimeSformer. The proposed model achieves strong regression performance (PM_2.5: R² = 0.91, PM₁₀: R² = 0.90, AQI: R² = 0.92) and excellent classification metrics: accuracy (94.57 %), precision (93.86 %), recall (94.20 %), and F1-score (93.44 %), respectively. The proposed model delivers consistent, real-time performance with a latency of 1.98 s per video, offering an effective, scalable, and cost-efficient solution for multi-pollutant estimation. This approach has the potential to address gaps in air quality data collected by expensive instruments globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109496"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollutants and lung regeneration: impact on the fate of lung stem cells","authors":"Yuzhu Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Feifei Feng ,&nbsp;Huaiyong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhalable airborne pollutants, including particulate matter, ozone, cigarette smoke, and emerging microparticles and nanoparticles can initiate or exacerbate various lung diseases. Their toxicological impact depends not only on their chemical composition, but also on the host’s capacity for clearance and post-injury repair mechanisms. Studies have identified region-specific stem cells within the lung epithelial-mucosal barrier, which are pivotal for mucosal repair after damage. This review delineates the roles of airway and alveolar key stem cells in lung epithelial mucosal repair, details how traditional and emerging airborne pollutants affect their regenerative capabilities. Additionally, it discusses the transformative contributions of organoids and single-cell sequencing technologies to advance our understanding of how inhaled pollutants affect lung tissue toxicity. A tissue regeneration perspective on the interplay between inhaled pollutants and lung stem cells is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies to prevent and control lung diseases associated with exposure to airborne pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109525"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating the transfer risk of antibiotic resistance genes from fertilized soil to cherry radish during the application of insect fertilizer","authors":"Zhengzheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Bingqi Gao ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Henawy ,&nbsp;Kashif ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Zhuqing Ren ,&nbsp;Núria Jiménez ,&nbsp;Longyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Ziniu Yu ,&nbsp;Chan Yu ,&nbsp;Jibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Minmin Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from fertilized soil to vegetables, particularly those consumed raw, causes significant public health risks through the food chain. Black soldier fly larvae can efficiently convert animal manure into organic fertilizer with reduced antibiotic resistance. This study utilized metagenomic sequencing to investigate fields treated with control organic fertilizer (COF), black soldier fly organic fertilizer (BOF), and no fertilizer, with the aim of assessing the transfer risks of ARGs from soil to cherry radish. The results indicated that BOF significantly reduced the richness and abundance of ARGs in both soil and cherry radish compared to COF, reducing 13 ARG subtypes and a 27.6% decrease in ARG abundance in cherry radish. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and virulence factors (VFs) with ARGs, with BOF treatment resulting in a relative abundance reduction of 32.8% and 29.1%, respectively. The complexity of networks involving ARGs with MGEs, VFs, and microbial communities in the BOF treatment was 54.2%, 32.3%, and 32.8% lower, respectively, than the COF treatment. Further analysis of metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) revealed the co-occurrence of ARGs, MGEs, and VFs in cherry radish, indicating the presence of potential pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARB). Notably, the abundance of these PARB in BOF radishes decreased by 45.6% compared to COF. These findings underscore the efficacy of insect fertilizer in mitigating the transfer risks of ARGs to radish, highlighting the significance of sustainable agricultural practices in managing the environmental and health risks associated with ARGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109510"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of lead in lung and brain reveals respiration as a direct exposure way","authors":"Qinfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongshun Huang ,&nbsp;Lihong Liu ,&nbsp;Junhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Haozhong Tian ,&nbsp;Hua Guo ,&nbsp;Qiying Nong ,&nbsp;Hongzhe Dong ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Liang ,&nbsp;Bin He ,&nbsp;Ligang Hu ,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) is known as a neurotoxicant, posing a global public health threat. Although Pb exposure is reported to be associated with brain functional impairment, there remain gaps to directly clarify their links and how the environmental lead entry into brain is rarely known. This study explored the entry pathway of atmospheric Pb to brain and lung through comprehensive profiling of Pb characteristics (distribution, nanoparticle characterization and isotope ratio) in the biological and atmospheric samples collected from a typical pollution area. The Pb distribution showed the targeted accumulation of Pb in brain and its descending trend with distances in both tissues and atmosphere indicated the direct transportation of Pb to lung due to point emission of atmospheric Pb. Then the identical characteristics of Pb-containing nanoparticles (PbNPs) in the lung (two sizes: 35 ± 6 nm and 52 ± 24 nm) and atmospheric (37 ± 6 nm and 53 ± 24 nm inside the smelter) samples, which was identified to be the mixture of PbSO₄ and Pb₅[PO₄]₃Cl particles, suggested the origination of exogenous PbNPs in lung from atmosphere through direct respiration. Finally, the highly correlation of Pb isotope ratios in brain and lung, liver and kidney, and the significant difference between the two groups (p &lt; 0.0001) indicated Pb in brain and lung was most likely directly inhaled after exposure to particulate pollution in atmosphere, but not from the liver through circulatory system. This is the first time to apply Pb isotopic characteristics in biological organs for investigating the Pb circulations and possible entry route to brain, which would provide direct evidence and a crucial link to understand the brain diseases caused by atmospheric Pb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109519"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive impact of the introduction of low-emission zones in Antwerp and Brussels on air quality, socio-economic disparities and health: a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Luk Bruyneel ,&nbsp;Bianca Cox ,&nbsp;Anne Stauffer ,&nbsp;Ludo Vandenthoren ,&nbsp;Frans Fierens ,&nbsp;Tim S. Nawrot ,&nbsp;Christian Horemans","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low emission zones (LEZ) manage traffic entering cities by granting access only to vehicles that meet certain emission standards. This study evaluated if implementation of LEZs in Antwerp (2017) and Brussels (2018) improved air pollution within the boundaries of the defined zones, if spatial spillover effects occurred, if socioeconomic inequality in air pollution exposure changed over time, and if health was affected. The study population comprised 420,007 individuals living within the LEZs, within seventeen control cities or within adjacent areas of these cities. Annual residential air pollution (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, BC) was calculated for 2016–2022. Individual-level health outcomes (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obstructive airway diseases, antidepressants, antithrombotic agents) were available for 2014–2023. Random effect models were constructed to assess the impact of LEZs on air pollution and socioeconomic disparities, and a comparative interrupted time series analysis was conducted to evaluate the health impact. Findings suggest that with the introduction of the LEZ, all pollutant concentrations declined significantly more rapidly in both Antwerp and Brussels and adjacent areas compared to other Belgian cities and adjacent areas. Socioeconomic disparities in BC and NO₂ concentrations decreased over time. Findings for the evolution of diabetes suggested a positive impact of the LEZ for this particular outcome. This study suggests that LEZ implementation holds strong advantages that may extend beyond the boundaries of the defined zones. As air pollution concentrations in European cities are still high, policies such as LEZs are required to attain the World Health Organisation Global Air Quality Guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109515"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}