Lilan Zhang , Yulian Zhang , Yao Qian , Cunli Qin , Hong Li , Jialin Tang
{"title":"揭示页岩气返排水对小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长的主要毒害因子及作用机制","authors":"Lilan Zhang , Yulian Zhang , Yao Qian , Cunli Qin , Hong Li , Jialin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109654","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flowback Water (FBW) have been proved to show toxicity towards some aquatic organisms, but the toxic effect across different flowback periods and underlying mechanism remained unclear due to their complex and changeable constitutes. In this study, the toxicity of FBW, the respective activated carbon treated FBW (AC-FBW) with most organic compounds removed, and equivalent salt control (SC) towards <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> were tested in three different flowback periods. Their toxicity increased with the duration of flowback time due to the change of composition. In comparison of above three groups, the AC-FBW showed the strongest toxicity through growth inhibition, cell membrane, and oxidative stress tests, followed by SC and original FBW, indicating that the inorganics in the FBW played primary toxicity factors on algae growth, which was further verified by the toxicity test of simulated FBW. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that FBW inhibited algal photosynthesis via inhibiting electron transport. The suppression of electron transport also led to the increase of superoxide radicals thereby inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, glycolysis and Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle were up-regulated in response to FBW stress. AC-FBW caused stronger inhibition of algal growth through greater altering electron transport and reaction center activation, and then inducing more substantial oxidative stress and membrane damage. The up-regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle was also greater in AC-FBW. This study elucidated the toxic effect in different flowback periods and identified the primary toxic factors of FBW, providing a reference for the further optimization of wastewater treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 109654"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Revealing the main toxic factor and mechanisms of shale gas flowback water on the growth of algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa\",\"authors\":\"Lilan Zhang , Yulian Zhang , Yao Qian , Cunli Qin , Hong Li , Jialin Tang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109654\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Flowback Water (FBW) have been proved to show toxicity towards some aquatic organisms, but the toxic effect across different flowback periods and underlying mechanism remained unclear due to their complex and changeable constitutes. In this study, the toxicity of FBW, the respective activated carbon treated FBW (AC-FBW) with most organic compounds removed, and equivalent salt control (SC) towards <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> were tested in three different flowback periods. Their toxicity increased with the duration of flowback time due to the change of composition. In comparison of above three groups, the AC-FBW showed the strongest toxicity through growth inhibition, cell membrane, and oxidative stress tests, followed by SC and original FBW, indicating that the inorganics in the FBW played primary toxicity factors on algae growth, which was further verified by the toxicity test of simulated FBW. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that FBW inhibited algal photosynthesis via inhibiting electron transport. The suppression of electron transport also led to the increase of superoxide radicals thereby inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, glycolysis and Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle were up-regulated in response to FBW stress. AC-FBW caused stronger inhibition of algal growth through greater altering electron transport and reaction center activation, and then inducing more substantial oxidative stress and membrane damage. The up-regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle was also greater in AC-FBW. This study elucidated the toxic effect in different flowback periods and identified the primary toxic factors of FBW, providing a reference for the further optimization of wastewater treatment technologies.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":308,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environment International\",\"volume\":\"202 \",\"pages\":\"Article 109654\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environment International\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004052\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environment International","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004052","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Revealing the main toxic factor and mechanisms of shale gas flowback water on the growth of algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Flowback Water (FBW) have been proved to show toxicity towards some aquatic organisms, but the toxic effect across different flowback periods and underlying mechanism remained unclear due to their complex and changeable constitutes. In this study, the toxicity of FBW, the respective activated carbon treated FBW (AC-FBW) with most organic compounds removed, and equivalent salt control (SC) towards Chlorella pyrenoidosa were tested in three different flowback periods. Their toxicity increased with the duration of flowback time due to the change of composition. In comparison of above three groups, the AC-FBW showed the strongest toxicity through growth inhibition, cell membrane, and oxidative stress tests, followed by SC and original FBW, indicating that the inorganics in the FBW played primary toxicity factors on algae growth, which was further verified by the toxicity test of simulated FBW. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that FBW inhibited algal photosynthesis via inhibiting electron transport. The suppression of electron transport also led to the increase of superoxide radicals thereby inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, glycolysis and Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle were up-regulated in response to FBW stress. AC-FBW caused stronger inhibition of algal growth through greater altering electron transport and reaction center activation, and then inducing more substantial oxidative stress and membrane damage. The up-regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle was also greater in AC-FBW. This study elucidated the toxic effect in different flowback periods and identified the primary toxic factors of FBW, providing a reference for the further optimization of wastewater treatment technologies.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review.
It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.